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Biomedical subjects

S Larsson

Publications and source records attributed to S Larsson.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: III. Clinicopathological studies on teratomas and tumors of Germ Cell type.

In a series of 82 patients with tumors of the thymus and thymic region there were 11 with teratomas and germinal tumors. Four of these patients had benign cystic teratomas, 4 had malignant teratomas, 1 had an embryonal carcinoma, and 2 had seminomas. The benign teratomas were removed by simple extirpation without complications. The malignant teratomas were highly invasive, and despite extensive operations and postoperative radiotherapy, 3 of the 4 patients died within 9 months. One patient with predominantly seminomatous differentation of the teratoma was alive and well more than 3 years after the operation. The patient with an embryonal carcinoma died after 4 months. One of the 2 patients with seminoma remained alive 20 years after radical excision and postoperative radiotherapy. The other, who had a huge seminoma, died during operation. The prognosis in patients with seminomas or with predominantly seminomatous structures in teratomas seems to be good after combined radical excision and radiotherapy, although nonradical resection followed by raditherapy may be justified in high-risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A method for determining bone mineral content using Fourier image reconstruction and dual source technique.

The basic principles of a quantitative tomographic technique for bone mineral determination are considered. The bone mineral content could be evaluated from a single reconstruction using projection data from two different energies. Beam hardening effects and photon counting statistics are studied by computer simulation and found to be the limiting factors in precision and accuracy.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1978

Clinical aspects on 64 cases of juvenile and adult listeriosis in Sweden.

In 1958-74 altogether 64 cases of bacteriologically verified infections of Listeria monocytogenes were diagnosed in Sweden in children, aged more than 27 days, and in adults. Immunosuppression predisposed to the disease. Thus, many patients had co-existing disorders, such as leukemia and alcoholism. Sixteen patients had been treated with corticosteroids, which were combined with cytostatic drugs in nine. Meningoencephalitis was diagnosed in 52 patients and was fatal in 16. The clinical symptoms did not differ from those in purulent meningitis caused by other bacteria. In the cerebrospinal fluid the cellular response was dominated by polymorphonuclear cells in 29 patients and by mononuclear cells in 20. Ten patients had septicemia, which was fatal in four. Clinical symptoms were dominated by chills, high fever and general prostration. One patient had pleurisy and one an abscess of the neck; both recovered. Serotypes 1 and 4b prevailed and were equally common. Many patients developed raised antibody titers in both the O-agglutination test and the complement fixation test. The titers were often not positive until after a month. Moderate granulocytosis was the rule and monocytosis was rarely seen. Ampicillin alone or combined with an aminoglycoside seemed to be the drug of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. An alternative drug was tetracycline. Most deaths occurred within six days of onset of the illness. Early diagnosis and treatment were imperative. Most patients recovered and serious sequelae were rare.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacokinetic and therapeutic studies of pivmecillinam in patients with normal and impaired renal function.

Pivmecillinam which is the oral form of mecillinam was evaluated by treatment of 26 patients presenting various types of urinary tract infections and by prophylactic treatment of 12 patients. Pivmecillinam given in a daily dosage of 1.2 g for periods of 1 to 56 weeks was well tolerated in all of the patients including those with impaired renal function without any dose reduction. The original bacterial strain in the urine was eradicated in 100% of the cases. Two patients had a superinfection and 4 had a recurrence during a 3-month follow-up period. The oral absorption of pivmecillinam was investigated in 15 patients with normal or slightly reduced renal function and in 5 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. High serum levels were achieved within 1 to 2 h after administration. Patients with reduced renal function showed retarded elimination rates, suggesting that the dose should be adjusted in this category of patients.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1978

Cumulative dose-response curves for early evaluation of bronchodilator drugs.

SM 220, a new beta-receptor agonist, was compared with terbutaline by construction of dose response curves for FEV1, heart rate and blood pressure. The pharmacological profile of SM 220 after preclinical studies was that of a potent and highly selective bronchodilator. In this study the beta2 selectivity of SM 220 was poorer than that of terbutaline. The importance of commencing clinical evaluation of bronchodilators with a dose-response test is stressed.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1978

Complications with permanent endocardial electrode systems. A comparison between two types of electrodes.

The study comprises 375 patients who had received an endocardial pacemaker electrode primarily. A stylet electrode of the Medtronic type was used in 165 patients and of the Elema type in 79 patients. Elema's flexible electrode model 588 EMT was used in 131 patients. The total number of electrode complications was surprisingly high. In 92 out of the 375 patients, 141 serious episodes of pacing failure occurred during the observation period of from 6 to 42 months. The complication rate increased with pacemaker function time. The stylet electrodes gave the highest complication rate. The choice of vein for introducing the electrode into the heart seems not to affect the complication rate significantly. Nor did the initial threshold value of stimulation influence the complication rate to any marked degree. The pacemaker manufacturers have devoted much effort to producing long-life impulse generators but there is also a great need for well-functioning long-life electrodes.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of intravenous ibuterol (KWD 2058), a new bronchodilator, and terbutaline.

The selectivity of the recently developed beta-stimulating drug ibuterol, a terbutaline ester which is rapidly hydrolyzed to terbutaline in vivo, was tested by comparing it with terbutaline after intravenous infusion. Dose-response curves for both drugs for FEV, heart rate, blood pressure, and tremor were recorded. The two drugs had equal bronchodilator effect. Ibuterol caused significantly less increase in heart rate, tremor ratio, and pulse amplitude when doses causing equal bronchodilation were infused. This is probably due to inequality of distribution. The lower tremorogenic activity of ibuterol can also be caused by differences in the concentration of tissue esterases in lung and skeletal muscle. It is concluded that ibuterol is more selective for the bronchi than terbutaline.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Lack of bronchial beta adrenoceptor resistance in asthmatics during long-term treatment with terbutaline.

The increasing mortality in acute asthma noted during the sixties has been ascribed to resistance of the beta 2 receptors of the bronchi due to treatment with beta-stimulating drugs. This study questions that theory. Eight patients with reversible airways obstruction were studied. Treatment with oral terbutaline 5 mg 3 times a day was given for 1 yr. Thereafter, terbutaline as metered aerosol was added in the dose of 2 puffs (0.5 mg) 4 times a day for 4 days and 6 puffs (1.5 mg) 4 times a day for further 4 days. The responsiveness of the receptors of bronchi, heart, skeletal muscles, and peripheral vessels was tested before and after 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo of treatment with oral terbutaline and after the two 4-day periods with inhaled terbutaline. The receptors were tested by infusion of increasing doses of isoprenaline, so that dose-response curves for isoprenaline were recorded. No signs of resistance of the beta 2 receptors of the bronchi developed during the terbutaline treatment period. Thus no even spray in moderate overdose caused resistance. Within 1 mo of treatment with oral terbutaline, resistance developed to the tremorogenic effect of terbutaline. Six of the 8 patients showed no signs of development of resistance to the chronotropic effect of isoprenaline. No signs were found of resistance of the beta 2 receptors of peripheral blood vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Variation with time of the attenuation values of intracranial hematomas.

Fourteen cases of subdural, epidural, and intracerebral hematoma, in which the time of the trauma or bleeding was known, were selected. Attenuation of samples taken at surgery showed good correlation with attenuation values determined by computed tomography (CT). The decrease in the attenuation of the hematoma from the time of trauma or bleeding was studied.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

Bronchodilating effect and side effects of beta2- adrenoceptor stimulants by different modes of administration (tablets, metered aerosol, and combinations thereof). A study with salbutamol in asthmatics.

Effects and side effects of an adrenergic beta2-stimulant (salbutamol) given by mouth and by inhalation from a metered aerosol were compared. Cumulative dose-response curves for both routes of administration concerning 1-sec forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, heart rate, blood pressure, and tremor were constructed. Tremor was found to be the dose-limiting side effect with both modes of administration. The metered aerosol in doses as large as 0.6 mg was shown to produce a greater increase in the 1-sec forced expiratory volume, with fewer side effects than could be achieved with tolerable doses of salbutamol by mouth. An oral dose of 6 mg is probably the maximal tolerable dose in most cases. Oral treatment seems to have a better effect than inhalation treatment on the forced vital capacity at the same effect on 1-sec forced expiratory volume, possibly due to a better effect on small peripheral airways. The effect of combining different oral doses of salbutamol with inhaled salbutamol was also studied. A very good additional effect of inhalations given after 4 and 6 mg by mouth was shown.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Tremor caused by sympathomimetics is mediated by beta2-adrenoreceptors.

Tremor caused by beta-adrenostimulating drugs is known to be mediated by beta-receptors in skeletal muscles. In this study it was shown that tremor caused by terbutaline could be blocked by propranolol, a drug with both beta1- and beta2-blocking properties, but not by metoprolol, a beta1-selective antagonist. It is concluded that tremor caused by sympathomimetics in man is mainly mediated by beta2-receptors.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1977

Intrapleural streptokinase in the treatment of haemothorax and empyema.

Thirty-eight patients with haemothorax or empyema, in whom conventional drainage treatment had proved ineffective were treated with streptokinase instillations. An increased yield of fluid was noted in all cases, up to 1300 ml after one instillation. Re-expansion of the lung was observed radiologically in 30 cases. No serious complications occurred. The method seems very useful and is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

An approach to the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia.

No method of surgical treatment of carcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia is universally accepted. An approach to the problems of the choice of the side for thoracotomy, the organ for reconstruction of the continuity of the oesophagus and the combination of the abdominal and thoracic stages of the surgical procedure is presented. It is based on the following principles: (1) Selecting the side for the thoracotomy on the basis of the distance from the upper incisors to the upper margin of the tumour, determined by oesophagoscopy. (2) Separation of the laparotomy and the thoracotomy. (3) Starting the operative procedure with the laparotomy. The operative mortality in a series of 44 patients operated upon according to these principles is compared with that in a previous series of 77 patients and the advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Present indications for a myocardial pacemaker electrode.

A myocardial electrode was implanted in 43 patients on special indications at a pacemaker centre, where the transvenous technique was used as the routine method for implantation of a stimulating electrode. The electrode was inserted through a small anterior thoracotomy or at open-heart surgery. The complications and deaths during the follow-up period of two-and-a-half years are reported. The results to date are quite satisfactory. Indications are suggested and the main advantages of a myocardial electrode in clinical use are discussed. The Medtronic myocardial electrode model 6917 should be resorted to as a very good alternative on failure of pacing with an endocardial lead. The hazards of thoracotomy must, however, be borne in mind. This approach should be used with restraint in very old patients and in patients with severe heart disease, particularly those with a recent myocardial infarction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Cumulative dose-response curves for comparison of oral bronchodilating drugs. A study of salbutamol and fenoterol.

Cumulative dose-response curves for orally administered fenoterol and salbutamol concerning effects of FEV1, heart rate, blood pressure and tremor were constructed. Three doses of fenoterol (2.5, 5 and 15 mg) and salbutamol (2, 6 and 18 mg) were given. Fenoterol was found to have a slightly higher potency than salbutamol. There was no difference in the beta2-selectivity of the two drugs. Tremor was the dose limiting side effect for both drugs. Cumulative dose-response curves for oral beta2-stimulants can be constructed fairly easily and valid conclusions can be drawn concerning selectivity, occurrence of side effects and dose limiting side effects.

Albuterol↗