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Biomedical subjects

S Kurimoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Kurimoto.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Sudden against-the-rule astigmatism 6 months after intraocular lens implantation with the Kelman phacoemulsification procedure: 4 of 809 cases.

Of 809 eyes that underwent the Kelman phacoemulsification and aspiration (KPE) procedure, we report on 4 patients (0.49%) who developed sudden against-the-rule (AR) astigmatism after intraocular lens implantation. These patients had had with-the-rule astigmatism preoperatively to 3 months postoperatively and suddenly developed AR astigmatism 6 months after surgery. To study the development and progression of AR astigmatism in these patients (group A), we compared their 6-month time course with that of 257 patients (group B) with postoperative AR astigmatism. In group A, the degree of astigmatism was not significantly different from group B astigmatism preoperatively (1.03 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.04 +/- 0.04 dptr) and 6 months postoperatively (1.32 +/- 0.13 vs. 1.26 +/- 0.05 dptr). However, 1 week postoperatively, the astigmatism of the 4 cases was much greater (5.72 +/- 0.14 dptr) than that of the others (2.32 +/- 0.07 dptr). These rare 4 cases, which had no other unusual characteristics, are indicative of the importance of a careful follow-up even if the post-KPE course seems uneventful.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Outcome of preoperative against-the-rule astigmatism after phacoemulsification: characteristic changes over time. Part II.

To determine the outcome of preoperative against-the rule (AR) astigmatism among 1,648 phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA) procedures, we analyzed the post-cataract time course of astigmatism over 6 months in 618 eyes divided into three groups. In preoperative AR astigmatism less than 0.75 dptr (n = 208), the astigmatism increase 1 week postoperatively was rapid. In preoperative AR astigmatism greater than or equal to 1.5 dptr (n = 185), no difference in the power of astigmatism was apparent between 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The third group (0.75 less than or equal to preoperative AR astigmatism less than 1.5 dptr, n = 143) showed intermediate characteristics. The eyes with preoperative low AR astigmatism showed exacerbation of astigmatism after the PEA procedure, whereas the degree of astigmatism, corneal curvatures and the rate of AR astigmatism became lower in the eyes with higher preoperative AR astigmatism.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Intraocular muscle function in pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Pseudoexfoliation (PE) material has been studied pathologically. However, there are no reports about intraocular muscle function in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS). We studied intraocular muscle function in 12 patients (70.3 +/- 10.1 years of age) with ipsilateral PE material by measuring the time course of pupillary diameter change and accommodogram. Initial intraocular pressure (16.3 +/- 4.2 mmHg) was significantly higher in eyes with PXS than in normal fellow eyes (13.1 +/- 3.5 mmHg). The pupillary diameter of an affected eye was smaller than that of a fellow eye after bilateral topical application of tropicamide. Continuous near-point testing revealed no significant difference; accommodative contractile time, relaxation time, and/or accommodopattern showed different patterns from the fellow eye. The results suggest that intraocular muscle function is disturbed in PXS.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1992

Laser trabeculostimulation in open-angle glaucoma: a new trial. Part I.

We describe herein a new trial to stimulate trabecular meshwork tissue and thereby increase outflow facility. The efficacy of our laser trabeculostimulation (LTS) was compared with that of conventional laser trabeculoplasty (LTP), since LTP causes shrinkage and cicatrization of the meshwork tissue, thus limiting the reduction of postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP). The mean preoperative IOP of 40 eyes was 24.9 +/- 6.8 mm Hg (mean +/- SD). LTS was applied with a 50-microns spot, a power setting of 50 mW and an exposure time of 1 s. With LTS, the IOP decreased but then increased afterward. Results indicate that low power (50 mW) is effective if used for a longer duration. Our LTS can be applied repeatedly and used in addition to conventional LTP. Although our LTS was less effective than LTP, the trial may lead to the development of another useful treatment modality.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Astigmatism after phacoemulsification and aspiration procedures: BENT versus standard incisions.

We examined the induction and spontaneous regression of corneal astigmatism among 1,023 phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA) cataract surgeries performed with standard (n = 831) and BENT incisions (n = 192). The BENT (between 9 and 12 o'clock) incision is a method of entering the anterior chamber from the oblique side. In the BENT group, the degree of astigmatism was not significantly different from the standard group, 3 months postoperatively (1.48 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.25 +/- 0.04 dptr.) and 6 months postoperatively (1.30 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.28 +/- 1.28 +/- 0.06 dptr.). However, 1 week and 1 month postoperatively, the astigmatism resulting from the BENT incision was much less than that of the standard PEA incision (1.69 +/- 0.17 vs. 2.96 +/- 0.05 and 1.60 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.80 +/- 0.05 dptr, respectively). Visual acuity also improved faster. The BENT procedure is recommended, because it is a simple way to lessen astigmatism.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Effects of orally administered beta-adrenergic blockers and calcium-channel blockers on the intraocular pressure of patients with treated hypertension.

Little attention has been paid to the influence of orally administered antihypertensive drugs on intraocular pressure (IOP). Therefore, we evaluated the effects of oral medications on the IOPs and visual fields of 70 patients with systemic hypertension who had no ocular symptoms and had not visited any eye hospital. In patients with systemic hypertension treated with medication, the IOP value (mean, 18.3 +/- 4.2 mmHg; age range, 63.3 +/- 11.6 years) was significantly higher than in a control group with a similar age range who were not receiving oral medication (mean, 13.7 +/- 2.0 mmHg; age range, 62.5 +/- 7.8 years). In the group in which hypertension was controlled by medication, the IOPs were lower when orally administered beta-adrenergic blockers were given than in those patients with uncontrolled hypertension. In the group to whom calcium-channel blockers were administered orally, the IOPs were not lower. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors made the visual fields worse. This study suggests a modulating influence of orally administered drugs on the IOP and visual fields, which may be affected by whether or not the patient's blood pressure is controlled.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Complete but transient visual loss after yttrium aluminum garnet laser transscleral cyclocoagulation.

We report the case of a patient who had no light perception after neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser transscleral cyclocoagulation. To the best of our knowledge, no similar cases have been reported previously. A 56-year-old man with intractable open-angle glaucoma had intraocular pressures of 42 mmHg OD and 35mmHg OS. The patient rejected a recommended filtering operation, although argon laser trabeculoplasty and maximal medication had been ineffective OU. We used the free-running mode of an Nd:YAG laser to treat this patient. After the tenth application, the patient suddenly noticed acute visual loss OD. He was admitted to the hospital immediately. His retinal vessels and papilla OD could not be seen during fluorescein angiography. We administered pulsed corticosteroids and a stellate ganglion block. Gradually, his symptoms improved. The indications for using Nd:YAG laser cyclocoagulation have been expanded. However, as a result of our experience in this patient, we concluded that such therapy should be limited to cases not amenable to other forms of medical and surgical treatment.

Autonomic Nerve Block↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of laser trabeculostimulation with laser trabeculoplasty in open-angle glaucoma.

We compared a new method, laser trabeculostimulation (LTS), with laser trabeculoplasty (LTP). The technique LTS stimulates trabecular meshwork tissue and thereby increases the outflow facility. The method LTP causes shrinkage and cicatrization of the meshwork tissue, thus limiting the reduction in postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP). The mean preoperative IOP of 40 eyes was 24.9 +/- 6.8 mmHg (mean +/- standard deviation). The LTS was applied with a 50-microns spot size, a power setting of 50mW, and an exposure time of 1 sec. With LTS, the IOP decreased and then increased afterward. Low power (50mW) was effective if used for a longer duration. The LTS can be applied repeatedly and used in addition to conventional LTP. The overall effect achieved with LTS was less than that with LTP, but it is possible to reduce IOP by selecting more reasonable parameters, e.g., a laser setting of 200mW, a 50 microns spot size and a 0.5 to 1-sec duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Retinal circulation in primary open-angle glaucoma tested by videodensitometric image analysis.

To investigate the retinal circulation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), we used videodensitometric image analysis of fluorescein angiography to calculate the build-up time, the time constant of the washout rate, and the mean circulation time (MCT) in both the retinal artery and vein. We found the MCT in the POAG group (23 eyes of 20 patients) was significantly longer than in the normal group (3.7 +/- 2.0 sec and 2.8 +/- 1.7 sec, respectively; P less than .05). It correlated significantly with the vertical cup-to-disc ratio (r = .32; P less than .01), the outflow facility (r = -.35, P less than .005), and the glaucomatous visual-field loss. There was no correlation between MCT and intraocular pressure tested at the same time (r = .09, not significant). Therefore, treatment to decrease the intraocular pressure may not be associated directly with improved retinal circulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Remarkable postcataract against-the-rule astigmatism after phacoemulsification in 83 of 809 cases.

We analyzed 83 cases of remarkable postcataract against-the-rule (AR) astigmatism (greater than 1.5D) occurring in a total of 809 Kelman's phacoemulsification aspiration procedures, all using 10-0 polyester sutures in a double-running fashion to close the corneoscleral incisions. All operations were done by one surgeon, using the same surgical procedure and the same number of sutures. The induction and spontaneous regression of several types of astigmatism were analyzed over six months. In cases of preoperative oblique and AR astigmatism, shifts (2.09 +/- 0.22D, 1.93 +/- 0.13D, respectively) after the first week were much smaller than those of preoperative with-the-rule astigmatism. Thereafter, degrees of oblique and AR astigmatism increased and remained higher even six months after surgery. The induction and spontaneous regression of postoperative AR astigmatism was similar to that of oblique astigmatism. Compression of the lids on the eye may be a more important factor than previously considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Effect of lymphokine-activated killer cells on human retinoblastoma cells (Y-79) in vitro: enhancement of the activity by a polysaccharide preparation, krestin.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured in a medium containing interleukin 2 (IL 2) develop the ability to kill fresh tumor cells. This function has been termed lymphokine activated killing (LAK). Recently, cord LAK cell activity was demonstrated to be equally as cytotoxic against similar in vitro targets as adult (peripheral) LAK cells. We investigated the future therapeutic use of LAK adoptive immunotherapy by examining LAK in vitro cytotoxicity from both cord and peripheral blood mononuclear cells against pediatric malignant tumor cell lines Y-79 (retinoblastoma). Cord LAK cells show higher levels of cytotoxicity toward Y-79 targets than do adult LAK cells. Attempts to enhance the rIL 2-induced LAK activity by addition of rIFN-gamma or PSK (krestin) were successful. Furthermore, we found that PSK has a function to enhance rIL 2-induced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production. These findings suggest that combined administration of cord LAK cells and PSK may account for the improvement of advanced retinoblastoma in the neonatal period.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1991

Effects of ultraviolet radiation and visible light on hamster pupil.

Light does not cause a miotic response in mammals after a topical application of atropine. However, such common sense is based on the pupillary response to visible light. We found ultraviolet (UV) caused slight but evident miosis, even when the patient did not perceive visible light. In order to understand this mechanism further, we conducted in vitro experiments using hamsters. The in vitro hamster iris contracted even when the retina was withdrawn in an incubation solution. The contraction of the hamster pupil caused by visible light was inhibited by procaine, quinacrine, and by the withdrawal of divalent cations, but not by indomethacin, AA861, FPL55712 or autonomic blocking agents. UV-induced miosis was very delayed, continuing after cessation of UV stimuli. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid did not inhibit the miosis induced by UV and/or visible light. The UV-induced miosis was not significantly affected by allopurinol or verapamil, suggesting mechanisms other than neuronal mediation and oxidative stress. This study shows that the isolated hamster iris can react to UV and visible rays. UV-induced miosis is different from the miosis caused by light reflex. To our knowledge, UV-induced miosis has not yet been reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in the dark focus of accommodation in patients with asthenopia].

The authors studied tonic accommodation in cases of asthenopia. The subjects consisted of ten college students, aged 20 to 22 years old as normal control and seven patients with asthenopia, aged 20 to 27. The dark focus of accommodation was measured with the infrared optometer before and after a 15 min sustained visual task. No significant differences were found between the two groups on the pre-task dark focus of accommodation. After the task, significant differences were found between the pre- and post-task dark focus of accommodation in patients with asthenopia. The results suggest that the patients with asthenopia are more susceptible to autonomic nervous system imbalance than healthy persons.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1991

[Acute and chronic effect of moxisylyte hydrochloride on the retinal circulation in diabetes mellitus].

The effect of moxisylyte hydrochloride, a new type alpha 1-blocking vasodilator, on the retinal circulation was investigated in 14 diabetics, using the video-densitometric image analysis of fluorescein angiography. The build-up time (BT) and the mean circulation time (MCT) were compared before and after oral administration of moxisylyte. The BT one hour after oral administration of 30 mg moxisylyte was significantly shorter than that before therapy (artery; before 5.2 +/- 1.5 vs after 4.6 +/- 1.0 sec; p = 0.0001, vein; before 6.9 +/- 1.3 vs 6.3 +/- 1.1 sec; p = 0.0005). The MCT two weeks after oral administration of 90 mg per day moxisylyte was significantly shortened (before 3.6 +/- 2.3 vs after 2.6 +/- 1.4 sec; p = 0.0180). These results suggested that oral moxisylyte improved the retinal circulation and might support the concept that moxisylyte hydrochloride has clinical usefulness in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Mammalian pupil constriction to light in the presence of atropine in hamster. Part I. Hamster and visual rays].

Mammalian pupils constrict in reaction to lights. Miosis occurs via afferent and efferent nerves. Therefore, once the pupil is pretreated with atropine, miosis no longer occurs, even when the retina is intact. We found that hamster pupil constricts in reaction to light in the presence of atropine. We examined the relationship with pupillary size, light intensity, wavelength and intervals of darkness. Pupillary constriction was found when the retina was withdrawn, and the miosis was not affected by autonomic blocking agents, capsaicin pretreatment and tetrodotoxin, a nerve blocking agent. Hamster pupil reacts to lights (visible rays-ultraviolet) in the presence of atropine and in the absence of retinal function.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of ultraviolet light on the hamster pupil].

This is the first study on the effects of ultraviolet light (UV) on the hamster pupil in vivo and in vitro. UV caused constriction of the pupil even after the death of the hamster. Both visible light and UV induced myosis of the enucleated hamster eyes. UV-induced miosis occurred very late and continued after the cessation of UV stimuli. The UV-induced miosis was not significantly affected by ascorbic acid, catalase, allopurinol, but it was gradually inhibited by procaine or quinacrine, phospholipase A2 inhibitors. Withdrawal of Ca2+ and Mg2+ with EGTA and/or EDTA strongly inhibited the UV-induced miosis. This study suggests that the UV-induced miosis was not related to oxidative stress, but related to a second messenger via the muscle cell membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The change in colour critical flicker fusion (CFF) values and accommodation times during experimental repetitive tasks with CRT display screens.

Two groups of normal subjects were loaded an experimental visual task, or a calculating and discriminating task, on a CRT display screen under different work speeds and amounts. The colour (red, green and yellow) CFF values of the subjects were measured every 15 min during the task and their accommodative function, represented by the accommodation time, was measured before and after the task. The two groups of subjects showed no significant differences in the pattern of change in the colour CFF values. The green and yellow CFF deteriorated significantly at 30 min after the start of the task. The red CFF values decreased significantly at 15 min after the start of the task and this conditions continued to the end of the task. Both groups showed a lengthening accommodation relaxation time but no change in the accommodation relaxation time after the task. This increase in the relaxation time was larger in the group of subjects who were loaded a larger amount of work at a higher speed. The results suggest that the decrease in the CFF value of the subject, particularly when the subject sees light directly using a CRT display screen, does not signify the decline in the activity or consciousness level of the brain centre alone.

Accommodation, Ocular↗