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Biomedical subjects

S Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to S Kudo.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Clinical effects and immunological changes in interferon therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma].

alpha-type Interferon (INF-alpha A, MOR-22, HLBI) or gamma-type Interferon (GI-3) was administered intramuscularly to 18 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma to examine its antitumor effect and immunological changes. All of these subjects had distant metastases and were subjected to Interferon therapy for more than 8 weeks. Tumor response according to the Koyama-Saito Team was PR, NC and PD in 4, 8 and 6 cases, respectively. In terms of the immunological changes in the peripheral blood before and after the Interferon therapy, NK cell activity showed increases for PR cases and decreases for NC and PD cases, with an obvious difference between Interferon-effective and -ineffective cases. For peripheral lymphocyte subpopulation, T-pan cell, T-helper cell and T-suppressor cell remained unchanged or tended to decrease. The difference in the change in NK cell activity observed between Interferon-effective and -ineffective cases suggested the involvement of NK cell activity in the efficacy of Interferon.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Identification of a novel human glycophorin, glycophorin E, by isolation of genomic clones and complementary DNA clones utilizing polymerase chain reaction.

In our previous report, we described the structural organizations of glycophorin A and B genes (Kudo, S., and Fukuda, M. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 4619-4623). During the course of isolation of these genomic clones, we also obtained genomic clones encoding a novel glycophorin. This novel glycophorin, termed glycophorin E (GPE), has a similar genomic structure to that of the GPB gene, and its nucleotide sequence is almost identical to that of the GPB gene. These sequences include a region downstream of an Alu repeat sequence, which has been suggested to be a site for homologous recombination in the GPB gene during or after gene duplication. However, the predicted GPE amino acid sequence specifies blood group M, in contrast to GPB which carries blood group N. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to analyze the transcript of this gene, and its cDNA sequence revealed that the novel glycophorin gene encodes 78 amino acids, including a 19-residue leader peptide. Comparison of genomic and complementary DNAs demonstrates that this gene consists of four exons, and point mutations at sites corresponding to the 5'-splicing sites of intron 3 and intron 4 of the GPA gene lead to the joining of the exon 2 to potential exon 5. Interestingly, an insertion of 24 nucleotides coding for eight amino acid residues in-frame was found in exon 5. The predicted amino acid sequence within this exon indicates that it has a hydrophobic character, suggesting the possible expression of GPE as a membrane protein. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that this novel glycophorin gene is expressed in an erythroid-specific manner and coordinately down-regulated together with GPA and GPB genes by a tumor-promoting phorbol ester. During evolution, this gene might have derived from an ancestral gene common to the GPB gene by gene duplication and subsequent nucleotide substitutions, and constitutes a member of a gene family with GPA and GPB genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Evolution of the glycophorin gene family in the hominoid primates.

Analysis of nucleotide sequences of the human glycophorin A (GPA) and glycophorin B (GPB) genes has indicated that the GPA gene most closely resembles the ancestral gene, whereas the GPB gene likely arose from the GPA gene by homologous recombination. To study the evolution of the glycophorin gene family in the hominoid primates, restricted DNA on Southern blots from man, pygmy chimpanzee, common chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and gibbon was probed with cDNA fragments encoding the human GPA and GPB coding and 3'-untranslated regions. This showed the presence in all of the hominoid primates of at least one GPA-like gene. In addition, at least one GPB-like gene was detected in man, both chimpanzee species, and gorilla, strongly suggesting that the event that produced the GPB gene occurred in the common ancestor of man-chimpanzee-gorilla. An unexpected finding in this study was the conservation of EcoRI restriction sites relative to those of the other four enzymes used; the significance of this observation is unclear, but raises the question of nonrandomness of EcoRI restriction sites in noncoding regions. Further analysis of the evolution of this multigene family, including nucleotide sequence analysis, will be useful in clarification of the evolutionary relationships of the hominoid primates, in correlation with the structure and function of the glycophorin molecules, and in assessment of the role of evolution in the autogenicity of glycophorin determinants.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiology of abomasal nematodes of dairy cattle in Hokkaido, northern Japan.

The prevalence and intensity of infection with abomasal nematodiasis was studied in dairy cattle of Hokkaido, northern Japan, for successive two years. During the period of March in 1985 to September in 1987, a total number of 393 abomasa of Holstein-Friesian cows was examined for nematode parasites. Nematodes were detected from 75% of the cows. The prevalence of nematode species detected was Ostertagia ostertagi 250 (63.6%), Mecistocirrus digitatus 181 (46.1%), Trichostrongylus axei 85 (21.6%) and Haemonchus sp. 1 (0.3%). The prevalence and population composition of each growth stage varied seasonally in O. ostertagi and M. digitatus. The large percentage of arrested larvae, early L4 O. ostertagi and immature L5 M. digitatus, detected during the mid-winter and the increasing percentage of matured adult populations of both species in early spring revealed the occurrence of the autumn associated arrested development (hypobiosis) phenomenon in bovine abomasum nematodes of Japan.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1990

Recurrent bleeding after arterial embolization in patients with hemoptysis.

Thirty-three patients with hemoptysis caused by nonmalignant diseases underwent arterial embolization. In seven (21.2 percent) of 33 patients, hemoptysis recurred after initial embolization in a follow-up period ranging from one day to four years. Although there was no difference in age and daily quantity of bleeding among patients with and without recurrences, those with mycetoma suffered the highest recurrence of bleeding after initial embolization (three [75 percent] of four patients). In the initial arteriograms of the seven patients were found six cases of markedly increased vascularity, three of increased vascularity in the bilateral lung, and three of nonbronchial systemic arterial supply to the diseased lung. Of six patients who received reexamination at the time of recurrent bleeding, the arteriogram demonstrated recanalization of previously embolized artery in five and revascularization by collateral circulation in five. In addition, hemoptysis recurred in three (60 percent) of five patients after second embolization and in one (50 percent) of two after third embolization. Four patients underwent surgical therapy: two after the initial embolization, one after the second, and one after the third, and these patients had no recurrence. While arterial embolization as initial treatment of hemoptysis is a highly useful procedure, this is a palliative procedure and potential for recurrence of hemoptysis exists as the lesion that has initially caused hemoptysis is not cured by the embolization. We emphasize that a combination therapy of repeated embolization and surgery will probably improve the efficacy of treatment of recurrent bleeding after initial embolization.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Utility of angiograms in patients with catamenial hemoptysis.

Pulmonary endometriosis is the likely cause in patients with hemoptysis during menses. While we describe two cases of catamenial hemoptysis, which were localized with chest CT scanning, angiograms revealed normal appearance. We suggest that angiograms may have little value in the evaluation of patients with pulmonary endometriosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Combination therapy with bestatin in inoperable lung cancer. A randomized trial.

A randomized trial of combination therapy with bestatin (30 mg daily, every day) was performed in 238 patients with inoperable primary lung cancer from August, 1981 through April, 1984. Of the 238 patients, 227 were evaluable: 113 treated by bestatin combination therapy and 114 controls. There was no statistically significant difference in response rate or survival between the 2 groups. In squamous cell cancer response was observed in 34.5% of the bestatin group and 17.9% of the control group. The analysis, including Cox's proportional hazard model, revealed that the survival tended to be longer in the bestatin group (median survival 40 weeks) than in the control group (median survival 24 weeks; p = 0.051). This suggests that addition of bestatin might be beneficial in squamous cell cancer of the lung but further, more rigidly controlled, clinical trials are necessary before more definitive conclusions can be drawn.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Dose intensity chemotherapy in lung cancer].

Dose intensity (DI) is defined as the amount of drugs administered per unit time (mg/m2/wk). Recently this concept is thought to be one of the most important tactics to improve the chemotherapeutic results. In this article, we summarized the reports about the impact of dose intensity chemotherapy on various malignancies and the experimental results in animal models. As the application of this concept for the treatment of lung cancer, we conducted the following trials. For the patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), weekly intensive chemotherapy employing cisplatin, oncovin, doxorubicin, and etoposide (CODE regimen) was performed. Fifteen (88%) of 17 patients responded to this regimen, including 5 (29%) complete responders. The median survival time for all patients was 45 weeks. For the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), short interval (3 weeks) MVP (mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin) therapy using with recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) was performed. This study was aimed at improving the therapeutic result by reducing the cycle length of MVP regimen through the use of rG-CSF. Thirty-two out of 40 patients could receive two or more cycles of MVP regimen on schedule. These results in SCLC and NSCLC suggest that does intensity chemotherapy can improve the outcome for patients with these disease.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

[Incidence and clinical significance of the esophageal branches originating from the bronchial artery].

The authors investigated the incidence and extent of angiographic visualization of the esophageal branches originating from the bronchial arteries. Approximately 20% of 371 patients showed considerable blood flow to the esophagus. The left bronchial artery more often gives rise to the esophageal branches. Esophageal complications have been experienced in 8 cases following bronchial artery infusion of Mitomycin C for pulmonary carcinoma. Complications tend to occur in cases showing marked opacification of the esophageal veins or in those which a lesion locates in the peripheral portion of the lung. It is imperative to pay attention to esophageal branches of the bronchial artery in interventional angiography.

Bronchial Arteries↗
PubMed1989

[Computed tomographic diagnosis of postoperative maxillary cyst (POMC)--a comparison with conventional tomography].

We reviewed the computed tomographic (CT) findings of postoperative maxillary cyst (POMC) in 64 patients with 79 lesions, and evaluated its diagnostic efficacy. Typical CT finding of POMC was an expansile and homogeneous soft tissue mass with bone erosion. Thin-walled capsule and bony septation were also demonstrated in 72% and 35% of the lesions, respectively. A comparison between conventional tomography and CT has been made in the same subjects for evaluation of the detectability and extension diagnosis of POMC. CT proved to be superior to conventional tomography in diagnosing the presence and the extent of POMC. We conclude that conventional tomography is not necessary in diagnosis of POMC, when full examination of the paranasal sinus is performed by CT.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The morphology of release of vitamin A-containing lipid droplets by hepatocytes in rat liver.

Vitamin A-containing lipid droplets in the hepatocytes of rat liver were found to be exocytotically released from the cells in the form of a "lipid droplet--retinol-binding protein (RBP)--immunoreactive complex" following intraportal injection of retinol (17, 33, 67, or 100 micrograms). Evidence that the lipid droplets contain vitamin A was obtained by fluorescence microscopy of vitamin A. Intraportal injection of retinol produced varied numbers and sizes of vacuoles in the hepatocytes. The substance within the vacuoles exhibited a meshwork-like configuration in sections from slices incubated in a medium for revealing acid phosphatase activity or the corresponding control medium and was RBP-immunoreactive and proteinaceous in nature. The occurrence and number of the vacuoles depended on the dosage of injected retinol, being greatest at a dosage of 100 micrograms of retinol and becoming progressively less at dosages of 67, 33, and 17 micrograms. The vacuoles were formed by vacuolization of cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The formation of vacuoles reached a maximum 30 min after intraportal injection of 100 micrograms retinol, and the vacuoles and lipid droplets had almost disappeared from the hepatocytes after 90 min. Little or no esterase activity was found in lipid droplets in the hepatocytes before intraportal injection of retinol, but after the injection, lipid droplets that had fused with the vacuoles become strongly positive for this enzyme activity. This suggests that hydrolysis of retinyl esters may occur in the process of complex formation in rat hepatocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Bacterial action of fertilization envelope extract from eggs of the fish Cyprinus carpio and Plecoglossus altivelis.

The vitelline envelope (VE) and fertilization envelope (FE) in eggs of the fish Cyprinus carpio and Plecoglossus altivelis were purified by homogenization of eggs or embryos in 5 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.0, containing 2 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), except for processing of VEs in Plecoglossus eggs, and by repeated washing wih the same buffer. To extract the outermost layer material, the purified VEs and FEs were processed overnight at 4 degrees C in 5 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.0, containing 8 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 2 mM EDTA, 0.3 M alpha-lactose, 0.3 M glucose, and 0.9% NaCl. Since extraction of the outermost layer of the VEs of Cyprinus eggs in this solution was found to be ultrastructurally incomplete, further sonication in the same buffer was necessary. The solution extracted from purified VEs or FEs was dialyzed against 5 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.0, followed by lyophilization. The extracts from the FEs from both fish species contained two kinds of lectins, one agglutinated human B-type erythrocytes and the other nonspecifically agglutinated fish spermatozoa, and both extracts had a strong bactericidal effect on Vibrio anguillarum that was isolated from diseased cultured fish, but not on Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli. The extracts of purified VEs from eggs of both fish had no bactericidal effect on the bacteria examined, nor any agglutination effect on human erythrocytes and fish spermatozoa.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemistry of vacuoles occurring in rat hepatocytes after retinol administration.

The vacuoles occurring in rat hepatocytes after intraportal injection of retinol (33 or 67 micrograms) were examined immunohistochemically using respective antibodies against rat albumin, human retinol-binding protein, human ceruloplasmin, human alpha 1-antitrypsin, human transferrin, and human prealbumin as representative plasma proteins. The occurrence of the vacuoles reached a numerical maximum 30 min after injection of 67 micrograms retinol, followed by a temporal decrease. Hepatocytes from control rats, which had been intraportally injected with either blood plasma diluted to 2/3 concentration or with retinol palmitate solvent (castor oil) dissolved in blood plasma, showed immunoreactive fine granules without the occurrence of vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Identical vacuoles in serial sections appeared immunohistochemically either immunoreactive or non-immunoreactive for all the antibodies used, with rare exceptions. The occurrence of several rare exceptions suggested that 2 kinds of vacuoles might be formed in different cytoplasmic compartments. A zonal distribution of vacuoles was apparent in the hepatic laminae (or acini) within the liver lobules. The vacuoles were predominantly distributed in zone 2, and to a lesser extent in zone 3 and zone 1 in that order.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Structural organization of glycophorin A and B genes: glycophorin B gene evolved by homologous recombination at Alu repeat sequences.

Glycophorins A (GPA) and B (GPB) are two major sialoglycoproteins of the human erythrocyte membrane. Here we present a comparison of the genomic structures of GPA and GPB developed by analyzing DNA clones isolated from a K562 genomic library. Nucleotide sequences of exon-intron junctions and 5' and 3' flanking sequences revealed that the GPA and GPB genes consist of 7 and 5 exons, respectively, and both genes have greater than 95% identical sequence from the 5' flanking region to the region approximately 1 kilobase downstream from the exon encoding the transmembrane regions. In this homologous part of the genes, GPB lacks one exon due to a point mutation at the 5' splicing site of the third intron, which inactivates the 5' cleavage event of splicing and leads to ligation of the second to the fourth exon. Following these very homologous sequences, the genomic sequences for GPA and GPB diverge significantly and no homology can be detected in their 3' end sequences. The transition site from homologous to nonhomologous sequences can be localized within Alu repeat sequences. The analysis of the Alu sequences and their flanking direct repeat sequences suggest that an ancestral genomic structure has been maintained in the GPA gene, whereas the GPB gene has arisen from the acquisition of 3' sequences different from those of the GPA gene by homologous recombination at the Alu repeats during or after gene duplication.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Glycosaminoglycan content in the media of cultured dermal fibroblasts derived from burn scar and normal skin.

The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of the extracellular matrix of burn scar in humans has been reported to differ from that of normal skin. In order to investigate whether the GAG content altered as a result of functional changes in fibroblasts, the GAG content was determined in culture media of fibroblasts derived from growing burn scar, mature scar, and normal skin tissue. No statistical differences were observed in the population doubling-times of scar and normal skin. Mature scar showed significantly higher values for all the concentrations of uronic acid, hexosamine, and sulfate measured in the glycosaminoglycan, as compared with normal skin values, and the concentrations from growing scar were slightly higher than those for normal skin. The above results may suggest an increase in glycosaminoglycan sulfate synthesis following the hyperplasia of the matrix in burn scar tissue.

Burns↗
PubMed1989

Release of flagellar filament-hook-rod complex by a Salmonella typhimurium mutant defective in the M ring of the basal body.

A Salmonella typhimurium strain possessing a mutation in the fliF gene (coding for the component protein of the M ring of the flagellar basal body) swarmed poorly on a semisolid plate. However, cells grown in liquid medium swam normally and did not show any differences from wild-type cells in terms of swimming speed or tumbling frequency. When mutant cells were grown in a viscous medium, detached bundles of flagellar filaments as long as 100 microns were formed and the cells had impaired motility. Electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the filaments released from the cells had the hook and a part of the rod of the flagellar basal body still attached. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that the rod portion of the released structures consisted of the 30-kilodalton FlgG protein. Double mutants containing this fliF mutation and various che mutations were constructed, and their behavior in viscous media was analyzed. When the flagellar rotation of the mutants was strongly biased to either a counterclockwise or a clockwise direction, detached bundles were not formed. The formation of large bundles was most extreme in mutants weakly biased to clockwise rotation.

Bacterial Proteins↗