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Biomedical subjects

S Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to S Kudo.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Review: progress of cytogenetics in hematopoietic malignancies].

In 1960, Nowell and Hungerford found, for the first time, a minute chromosome at the metaphase in chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) cells, which was called Philadelphia chromosome (9; 22 translocation) later. Ph1 chromosome was considered to be specific for the disease and was frequently used as an important marker for the definite diagnosis. In 1970s banding techniques revealed some other specific chromosome abnormalities, like 8; 14, 8; 21, and 15; 17 translocations, for acute leukemias. In 1980s, molecular-biology techniques were applied in the fields of leukemia research. As a result, many break point cluster regions were discovered in relation to the immunoglobulin chain genes and T cell receptor genes (Table 2). In this review, the specificity of chromosome abnormalities as well as genetic changes in types of leukemia is discussed.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1992

[A case of coexistent bronchogenic carcinoma with pulmonary tuberculosis].

A 79-year-old housewife complaining of shortness of breath presented with a LUL mass lesion on chest roentgenogram. Bronchofiberscopic biopsy and curettage revealed adenocarcinoma as well as acid-fast bacilli of Gaffky-4. Further investigations showed increased ESR, CRP levels and positive RF. PPD skin test was positive measuring 55 x 43 mm. A left upper lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed. The mass was in S1+2 and measured 2.7 x 2.5 x 1.5 cm. Histologically caseaous necroses and spotted granulomas of tuberculosis were surrounded by bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma. Recent discussion concerning the simultaneous occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchogenic carcinoma suggests a higher coexistence of both diseases. However, the coexistence of active tuberculosis with carcinoma in the same region, as in our case, is quite rare and suggests an etiological closer relationship between both diseases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Bronchial and non-bronchial systemic artery embolization for hemoptysis due to non-neoplastic lung diseases. Immediate effect and long-term results].

Forty-four patients with massive or repeated hemoptysis due to nonneoplastic lung diseases were treated by embolization of the bronchial and non-bronchial systemic arteries with Ivalon particles or a mixture of Ivalon and gelatin sponge particles during the past five and a half years. Immediate control of hemoptysis was achieved in 43 patients (98%), and no spinal cord ischemia was observed. Among 30 patients followed for more than 12 months, successful control of hemoptysis was obtained in 22 (73%). Hemoptysis recurred in eight patients (27%); four underwent repeated embolotherapy alone, two underwent surgery alone, and two underwent repeated embolization and surgery. Successful control of hemoptysis was achieved after repeated embolization and/or surgery in all eight patients. It is concluded that embolization of bronchial and non-bronchial systemic arteries is an effective initial treatment for hemoptysis, and good long-term results can be obtained in combination with surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A short, novel promoter sequence confers the expression of human leukosialin, a major sialoglycoprotein on leukocytes.

Human leukosialin (CD43) is a major sialoglycoprotein expressed on leukocytes and platelets. In order to investigate the transcriptional regulation of this gene, we have isolated a genomic DNA of 12 kilobases in size that includes the 5'-flanking sequence. Comparison of the genomic and cDNA sequences revealed that the leukosialin gene consists of two exons, and that its entire translation product is encoded in the second exon. The transcriptional start site was determined by primer extension analysis in human T-cell line Jurkat. No canonical TATA or CAAT boxes were found in the prospected upstream region, but a guanine-rich region was observed on the sense strand. To localize the transcriptional regulatory region of this gene, various regions of 5' sequences were fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, and transient expression assays were conducted in Jurkat cells. We employed the polymerase chain reaction to generate a series of clones containing 5' sequences of the leukosialin gene using primer sequences based on the genomic sequence. This strategy enabled us to narrow the search for a transcriptional regulatory element. In addition, we introduced site-directed mutations in the regulatory region by polymerase chain reaction to define it in detail. These studies showed that the sequence from -53 to -40 base pairs 5' to the transcriptional start site is critically involved in leukosialin expression. This sequence, 5'GGGTGGGTGGAGCC3', represents a novel promoter sequence which has not been reported in the promoters for other molecules expressed in T-lymphocytes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Magnetic resonance imaging of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia].

Seventeen patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN) and seven subjects of control group were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Vascular contact at the proximal portion of the preganglionic segment (PGS) of the trigeminal nerve was observed in 100% of ITN on the affected side, 76% of ITN on the non-affected side, and 21% of control group. Deformity of the PGS was observed in 65% of ITN on the affected side, and in none of ITN on the non-affected side or control group. Non-surgical treatments were effective in all of the 6 patients without deformed PGS, but they failed to control trigeminal neuralgia in 4 of 11 patients with deformed PGS. This preliminary study suggests that MRI could be used for the clinical assessment of trigeminal neuralgia before treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Localization of blood coagulation factors and fibrinolysis factors within lymphoid germinal centers in human lymph nodes.

The presence of nineteen blood coagulation factors and fibrinolysis factors was immunohistochemically evaluated in human lymph node germinal centers (GCs). Twelve of these factors were detected within lymphoid GCs. The predominant pattern was dendritic with occasional crescent-shaped, ring-shaped or 'moth-eaten' appearance. Immunostains of factor VIII-related antigen, factor I, protein C, tetranectin, antithrombin III, type 2-plasminogen activator inhibitor, and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor were almost entirely absent from GCs, although they reacted in vascular wall and lumen, respectively. The immunostaining to high molecular weight kininogen, kallikrein, factors XII, X, V, II, XIIIa, XIIIs, plasminogen, tissue-plasminogen activator, and type 1-plasminogen activator inhibitor more frequently revealed a positive dendritic pattern. Immuno-electron microscopy demonstrated factor X and factor XIIIa attached to the cell surfaces of lymphocytes, macrophages, and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs); and in the intercellular space within GCs, especially attached to the labyrinthine-like structure of FDCs. No reaction products were observed in the perinuclear cisternae and rough endoplasmic reticulum in either lymphocytes or FDCs. Our data demonstrate that human lymphoid GCs really contain some of the proteins related to the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis cascades.

Dendritic Cells↗
PubMed1991

Rapid changes in flagellar rotation induced by external electric pulses.

The bacterial flagellar motor is the only molecular rotary machine found in living organisms, converting the protonmotive force, i.e., the membrane voltage and proton gradients across the cell membrane, into the mechanical force of rotation (torque). We have developed a method for holding a bacterial cell at the tip of a glass micropipette and applying electric pulses through the micropipette. This method has enabled us to observe the dynamical responses of flagellar rotation to electric pulses that change the membrane voltage transiently and repeatedly. We have observed that acceleration and deceleration of motor rotation are induced by application of these electric pulses. The change in the rotation rate occurred within 5 ms after pulse application.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1991

[Serious complications of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy in patients with bladder cancer].

Side effects and serious complications of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy were reviewed in 120 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder from October, 1983 to June, 1989 at Hirosaki University Hospital. As local side effects, 102 patients (85.0%) had bladder irritability with frequency and/or micturition pain, and 46 patients (38.3%) had hematopyuria. As systemic side effects, fever in 43 patients (35.8%), elevation of serum GOT, GPT in 9 patients (7.5%), and malaise in 3 patients (2.5%) were seen. Serious complications were observed in 7 patients. 4 patients had a severely contracted bladder with decreased compliance less than 50 ml, 2 patients had persistent arthritis and one patient had interstitial pneumonia. In all 4 patients with a contracted bladder partial cystectomy was performed before or after intravesical BCG therapy, and three of them received more than ten times instillation of BCG. It was suggested that contracted bladder most likely occurred after frequent BCG instillations in addition to decreased bladder compliance. Contracted bladder was irreversible in 2 patients. Histopathologically, there was marked fibrosis in the muscular layer of the bladder without tuberculous inflammatory changes. It might depend on the severity of fibrosis in the muscular layer whether contracted bladder was reversible or not. Persistent arthritis was nonspecific inflammation with negative culture results for mycobacteria in the joint fluid in 2 patients. In one patient with interstitial pneumonia, fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrated marked fibrosis of alveolar septums and increased lymphocyte count without tuberculous inflammatory changes. The pathogenesis of this complications is considered to be a hypersensitivity reaction to BCG.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1991

Case report: computed tomography findings in Williams-Campbell syndrome.

Williams-Campbell syndrome is a rare type of cystic bronchiectasis that is due to defective cartilage of fourth-to sixth-order bronchi. The diagnosis has been made either at autopsy or by bronchographic findings. The article describes an adult case of this syndrome with CT findings that are characteristic of this entity. CT showed areas of emphysematous lung parenchyma distal to the dilated bronchi, suggesting bronchiolitis obliterans secondary to proximal cystic bronchiectasis. These findings are useful in differentiating Williams-Campbell syndrome from other causes of cystic bronchiectasis, thus obviating bronchography.

Bronchiectasis↗
PubMed1991

[Trans-arterial infusion chemotherapy through the inferior epigastric artery for malignant abdominal tumors without laparotomy].

A new technique of intra-arterial catheterization through the inferior epigastric artery using a subcutaneously-implanted silicon reservoir was tried for arterial infusion chemotherapy in patients with cancer located in specific lesions. Eight surgically uncontrollable tumors, consisting of 6 hepatic metastasis, one surgically incurable gastric cancer and one recurrent rectal cancer, were treated by continuous arterial infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) using this new method. Clinical antitumor effect was evaluated by CT scan, sonography or operation. CR, PR and NC were observed in 3, 3 and 2 patients, respectively. No significant difference in CDDP levels in serum was found between CR plus PR and NC cases. Since this method can be done without laparotomy, more patients may benefits from arterial infusion chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical analysis of renal cell carcinoma with intravenous tumor thrombus].

We reviewed treatment and prognosis in 7 operative and 7 non-operative cases of renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombosis formation, 14 cases in total. Treatment after around 1983 involved the use of biological response modifier (BRM), chiefly interferon (IFN), and operation by thoracoabdominal approach. Before that, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and operation by peritoneal approach were used, with many cases judged inoperable. Even in non-operative cases, life-prolongation was frequently achieved by embolization of the renal artery and administration of various BRMs. On the other hand, in cases judged operable which were always treated by resection, early postoperative death sometimes occurred. These facts brought home to us the difficulty of choosing appropriate treatment. Though it is hard to determine the relative merits of various treatments from the present data, since the series is small and contains cases from 1963 onwards, the clinical and pathological pictures should be carefully evaluated for each case, and the most suitable course of treatment should be selected individually. We describe a non-operative case in which a combined use of embolization, IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) elicited a lasting partial response, and an operative case in which postoperative complications such as pulmonary infarction and renal failure occurred after operation under extracorporeal circulation and patient died at 2 months after operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Clearance and tissue distribution of recombinant human interleukin 1 beta in rats.

Clearance and tissue distribution of recombinant human interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) were investigated by determining the growth-inhibitory activity on tumor cells in rats after i.v. or s.c. administration. A single 100 micrograms/kg i.v. bolus was biphasically eliminated with a terminal half-life of 19.0 min in normal rats. Serum IL-1 beta activity reached a maximum level 1 h after s.c. administration and then declined with a half-life of 1.59 h. The absolute bioavailability was 40.5%. IL-1 beta activity was mainly located in the kidney and was particularly accumulated in the lysosomal fraction. A 14-fold increase in the elimination half-life of IL-1 beta activity was found in nephrectomized rats, in comparison with sham-treated control rats. Pretreatment with E-64 and leupeptin, both of which are thiol protease inhibitors, had no effect on the plasma levels of IL-1 beta activity, but a 2-fold increase in plasma level was found in rats pretreated with pepstatin A, a carboxyl protease inhibitor. Since excreted IL-1 beta activity was not detected in urine, these results suggest that the kidney is the main site of its metabolic degradation and that carboxyl protease is involved in its metabolic inactivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Abrupt changes in flagellar rotation observed by laser dark-field microscopy.

Bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium swim by rotating their flagella, each of which consists of an external helical filament and a rotary motor embedded in the cell surface. The function of the flagellar motor has been examined mainly by tethering the flagellar filament to a glass slide and observing the resultant rotation of the cell body. But under these conditions the motor operates at a very low speed (about 10 r.p.s.) owing to the unnaturally high load conditions inherent in this technique. Lowe et al. analysed the frequency of light scattered from swimming cells to estimate the average rotation speed of flagellar bundles of E. coli as about 270 r.p.s. To analyse motor function in more detail, however, measurement of high-speed rotation of a single flagellum (at low load) with a temporal resolution better than 1 ms is needed. We have now developed a new method--laser dark-field microscopy--which fulfils these requirements. We find that although the average rotation speed of S. typhimurium flagella is rather stable, there are occasional abrupt slowdowns, pauses and reversals (accomplished within 1 ms). These changes were frequently observed in mutants defective in one of the motor components (called the switch complex), suggesting that this component is important not only in switching rotational direction but also in torque generation or regulation.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1990

Molecular analysis of a hybrid gene encoding human glycophorin variant Miltenberger V-like molecule.

The genomic structure of a human glycophorin variant, Miltenberger class V-like molecule (MiV*), was examined. Southern blot analysis of total genomic DNA revealed that the 5' half of the MiV* gene derived from glycophorin A (GPA) gene whereas the 3' half derived from glycophorin B (GPB) gene. This structure is reciprocal to another glycophorin variant, Sta, which has a GPB-GPA hybrid structure. The genomic sequences around the crossing-over point were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the sequences were determined. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the GPA, GPB, and MiV* genes indicates that the crossing-over point is located in the region around the 3' end of intron 3 of the GPA gene. This place is different from the crossing-over point for Sta, which was found to be highly homologous to that for haptoglobin-related genes. However, the nucleotide sequences within the presumptive crossing-over point for the MiV* gene were found to be homologous in a reverse orientation to the crossing-over point proposed for haptoglobin-related genes. These results suggest strongly that homologous recombination through unequal crossing over can be facilitated by specific genomic elements such as those in common for formation of MiV*, Sta, and haptoglobin-related genes. The present study also localized the gene of the third glycophorin, GPE, at chromosome 4, q31.1 band, the same locus as for the GPA and GPB genes. The results indicate that GPE was not involved in generating MiV* or Sta hybrid gene despite the fact that it is localized adjacent to the GPA and GPB genes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Identification of the crossing-over point of a hybrid gene encoding human glycophorin variant Sta. Similarity to the crossing-over point in haptoglobin-related genes.

One of the human glycophorin variants, Stones (Sta), has been shown to be the product of a hybrid gene of which the 5'-half derived from the glycophorin B (GPB) gene whereas the 3'-half derived from the glycophorin A (GPA) gene. The present study reveals the crossing-over point of this hybrid gene from the analysis of polymerase chain reaction products. The genomic sequences encompassing the region corresponding to exon 3 to exon 4 of GPA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers synthesized according to GPA and GPB genomic sequences (Kudo, S., and Fukuda, M. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 4619-4623). After subcloning the products, the nucleotide sequences derived from GPA, GPB, and putative Sta genes were determined. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of GPA, GPB, and Sta genes indicate that the crossing-over took place 200 base pairs upstream from the first nucleotide of exon 4. Intriguingly, the nucleotide sequence surrounding the putative crossing-over point is homologous to the crossing-over point proposed for haptoglobin genes (Maeda, N., McEvoy, S.M., Harris, H.F., Huisman, T.H.J., and Smithies, O. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 7395-7399). These results suggest strongly that homologous recombination through unequal crossing-over can be facilitated by specific genomic elements, such as those in common in these two crossing-over events. The present study also revealed that this Sta individual has a variant GPA gene; substitution of adenine for guanine at the nucleotide for codon 39 results in substitution of lysine for arginine at amino acid 39, and loss of an SstI restriction site.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[Radiology of trigeminal neuralgia--with special reference to CT findings].

CT findings in ninety-nine patients with trigeminal neuralgia were reviewed. Brain tumors including three trigeminal neurinomas, three meningiomas, one epidermoid, one acoustic neurinoma, were found in eight cases as a cause of symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia. Among seventy-nine patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, four cases had vascular decompression surgery because of the tortuous, ectatic or anomalous vertebrobasilar artery. Among the other seventy-five non-surgical cases, seventeen cases showed the tortuous and/or ectatic vertebrobasilar artery on CT, and this group of patients showed slightly higher recurrence rate of trigeminal neuralgia after nerve block or medication compared with other non-surgical patients. CT is thought to be a useful screening imaging modality for evaluation of patients with trigeminal neuralgia, and angiography is required for precise evaluation of the compressing vessels when surgical treatment is contemplated.

Adult↗