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Biomedical subjects

S Kopp

Publications and source records attributed to S Kopp.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Clinical findings in the stomatognathic system in ankylosing spondylitis.

100 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS-group) and a comparison group comprising 57 individuals (C-group) were examined for clinical symptoms from the stomatognathic system and occlusion. It was concluded that the AS-group differed significantly from the C-group with respect to mandibular mobility, tenderness to palpation of the temporomandibular joint and relation between the retruded and intercuspal position of the mandible. Clinical symptoms in the stomatognathic system were correlated to subjective general joint symptoms in the AS-group. Occlusal factors may also be of importance for the development of clinical symptoms in the stomatognathic system in this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Subjective symptoms from the stomatognathic system in ankylosing spondylitis.

One hundred individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 57 individuals a comparison group responded to a questionnaire concerning subjective symptoms from the stomatognathic system and general joint symptoms. It was concluded that the individuals with AS have more subjective symptoms from the stomatognathic system, especially difficulties in wide mouth opening, than the comparison group. Specific temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in AS was difficult to determine but pain in the TMJ region, stiffness/tiredness in the jaws and with AS. TMJ involvement was also correlated to the severity and extension of the AS. In the comparison group awareness of parafunctions such as tooth-clenching and tooth-grinding were important subjective factors correlated to their symptoms from the stomatognathic system.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of occlusal treatment and intraarticular injections on temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction.

The long-term effect (2 years) of occlusal treatment and intra-articular injections of a mixture of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic was investigated in two groups of patients with pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Fifteen patients were treated with injections and eighteen patients with occlusal adjustment. The TMJ was tender to palpation in all patients. The intra-articular injections were given once a week for three weeks. The occlusal treatment included splints, grinding on natural teeth and occlusal correction of complete dentures. The severity of the subjective symptoms and clinical signs was estimated before and after treatment. Both sorts of treatment reduced the subjective symptoms and the clinical signs significantly, but the reduction was significantly greater after the intra-articular injections. The effect of the injections was less efficient in patients with radiographic signs of remodelling of the TMJ and general joint symptoms. It was concluded that both intra-articular injections of corticosteroid combined with local anaesthetic and occlusal treatment have a long palliative effect on TMJ pain and dysfunction. The intraarticular treatment, however, had a greater effect on the clinical signs.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Metacarpal cortical bone mass in patients with mandibular pain and dysfunction.

Sixty consecutive patients with mandibular pain and/or dysfunction were divided in three groups; one group with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) crepitation, another with tenderness on palpation of the TMJ and a reference group without any of these signs. The TM joints of the patients were exposed radiographically in oblique lateral and transmaxillary projections. The hands were exposed in the dorsovolar projection. The metacarpal index of Barnett & Nordin (2) (Formula: see text) was determined from the hand radiographs as well as the Exton-Smith (II) index (Formula: see text) Radiographic abnormalities in the TMJ and hand joints were recorded and quantified in indices as well as clinical abnormalities in the masticatory system. The index of Barnett & Nordin was significantly lower in the group of patients with palpatory tenderness of the TMJ than in the reference group. The Exton-Smith index was significantly and negatively correlated to the radiographic index of hand joint but not TMJ disease. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the Exton-Smith index and the size of the TMJ condyle. The results of the present study indicate that patients with palpatory tenderness of the TMJ, probably of inflammatory origin, have a smaller second metacarpal cortical bone mass than reference patients, as have patients with radiographic signs of hand joint disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Short term evaluation of counselling and occlusal adjustment in patients with mandibular dysfunction involving the temporomandibular joint.

The effect of counselling and occlusal adjustment was investigated in thirty patients with mandibular dysfunction involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The patients were examined at three visits 6 weeks apart. At the first visit all patients received counselling. At the second visit they were divided into two groups, one receiving occlusal adjustment and the other not receiving treatment. The degree of mandibular dysfunction was assessed by the patients according to a five grade scale and by the clinical dysfunction index according to Helkimo (1974a). The score of subjective dysfunction was reduced significantly during the period following counselling and 60% of the patients improved. No effect was found on the clinical dysfunction score. The score of clinical dysfunction was reduced significantly during the period following occlusal adjustment and 67% of the patients improved. No further effect could be detected on the subjective dysfunction score. The correlation between changes in subjective and clinical dysfunction was poor, but changes in the subjective score were generally associated with changes in the clinical score. It was concluded that counselling may reduce the subjective symptoms; and occlusal adjustment the clinical signs of mandibular dysfunction involving the TMJ, but that the individual variation in response is substantial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between clinical and radiographic findings in patients with mandibular pain or dysfunction.

The diagnosis of organic disease of the temporomandibular joint is often based on radiographic findings. The relationship between the radiographic findings in this joint and in hand joints, and clinical findings in the masticatory system, was analysed. The results showed that patients with crepitation of the temporomandibular joint frequently have radiographic abnormalities in this joint and in hand joints. Subcortical sclerosis and reduced joint space were significantly correlated with the number of occluding pairs of molar teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between radiographic signs in the temporomandibular joint and hand joints.

The temporomandibular joints of 64 patients and the hand joints of 62 patients with mandibular pain and/or dysfunction were exposed in oblique lateral transcranial, transmaxillary, and dorso-volar projections. The relationship between radiographic signs generally ascribed to osteoarthrosis was investigated. Indices were constructed to quantify the radiographic findings in the two joints. In the temporomandibular joint statistically significant age-independent correlations were found between flattening of the lateral part of the condyle, subcortical sclerosis of the condyle and reduced joint space. In the hand joints statistically significant age-independent correlations were found between osteophytes, subcortical sclerosis, eroded/absent cortical outlining, reduced/obliterated joint space and dislocations. No statistically significant correlation could be found between radiographic findings in the temporomandibular and hand joints. It is concluded that the radiographic signs in the temporomandibular joint of reduced joint space, subcortical sclerosis of the condyle and flattening of the lateral part of the condyle are interrelated and probably characteristic of osteoarthrosis, and that these relationships are similar to those that occur in the hand joints.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Topographical distribution of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the surface layers of the human temporomandibular joint. A histochemical study of an autopsy material.

The right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was removed at autopsy from 18 individuals and the articular surfaces were scored for macroscopic lesions. Soft tissue specimens were cut out of the medial, lateral and posterior parts of the temporal and condylar components and frozen. The sections were stained with toluidine blue (1-N HCl solution) and with alcian blue (CEC method) for sulfated glycosaminoglycans. The sections were examined for inter- and pericellular metachromasia and alcian blue staining. Macroscopic surface lesions were found in 14 of the joints. The highest score of interand pericellular metachromasia was found in the anterior parts of the joints and a negative correlation was found between the score of surface lesions and that of intercellular metachromasia. Pericellular metachromasia was found mainly in the mineralized cartilage and cartilage layers of the articular surface. Although the CEC values of pericellular staining commonly reached a level indicating the presence of keratan sulfate, the majority of the CEC values found corresponded to those of chondroitin-dermatan sulfate. It was concluded that sulfated GAG are localized mainly to the anterior part of the TMJ and that macroscopic TMJ surface lesions are associated with a reduction of sulfated glycosaminoglycans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Constancy of clinical signs in patients with mandibular dysfunction.

Repeated clinical examinations were performed 6 weeks apart on 34 patients with mandibular dysfunction to estimate the consistancy of clinical signs. The clinical examination of the patients included the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the mandibular movement capacity. The clinical dysfunction index (Di) was calculated as a measure of the degree of mandibular dysfunction. The highest agreement between examinations was found for maximal mouth opening and protrusion. The agreement for palpation tenderness of the masticatory muscles and TMJ, limited movement of the TMJ, TMJ sounds, and pain during movement was considerably lower. The lowest agreement within 6 weeks was found for the clinical dysfunction index. No statistically significant difference could be detected between the two examinations for any of the clinical signs, as a result of given information and counseling before the 6-week period. It was concluded that all clinical signs, except maximal mouth opening and maximal protrusion, showed low consistancy.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Clinical findings in temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis.

The clinical findings in 20 patients with TMJ-crepitation (E1-group) and 19 patients with TMJ palpatory tenderness (E2-group) have been compared with the findings in 29 other patients with mandibular dysfunction (R-group). The patients underwent a clinical examination of the masticatory system and of the second distal interphalangeal joints (DIP II joints). No statistically significant differences could be found between groups with respect to clinical signs, occlusal interferences, or dental attrition. Loss of molar support was found to be significantly more frequent in the E1-group than in the R-group. The frequency of tenderness to palpation or pain on movement of DIP II joints was significantly higher in the E2-group than in the R-group. Periarticular bony swelling of DIP II joints was significantly correlated with TMJ-crepitation. The patients with TMJ-crepitation were considered to have TMJ-osteoarthrosis. The results of the present study indicate that patients with TMJ-OZ have a similar clinical picture to other patients with mandibular dysfunction and that molar loss plays a role in the etiology of TMJ-OA.

Adolescent↗