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Biomedical subjects

S Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to S Kojima.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Multivariate analysis of risk factors for stroke. Eight-year follow-up study of farming villages in Akita, Japan.

Akita Prefecture has an especially high mortality rate from stroke, and its age-adjusted death rate from stroke is the highest in Japan. We have carried out an epidemiological survey of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in farming villages in this prefecture since 1963, with a response rate of 84%. During our 8-year follow-up, 94 new stroke cases were observed among 1,814 subjects. Multiple logistic function analysis was carried out on nonstroke and stroke cases from subjects aged 40 to 69 years at time of initial examination, in order to clarify the risk factors for stroke. The analysis used eight variables: age, sex, systolic blood pressure, obesity index, urinary sugar, urinary protein, serum total cholesterol, and total protein. The results showed that hypertension was the most important risk factor for stroke. However, regarding cholesterol, multivariate analysis showed that among men and women aged 40 to 69 years at entry, subjects with low serum total cholesterol levels were more prone to cerebral hemorrhage, but that serum cholesterol level had no weight as a risk factor for cerebral infarction. These results correspond well with the observed fact that stroke incidence or death rate in Japan is higher in populations with high prevalence of hypertension and low concentration of cholesterol, and also with the fact that death rate from hemorrhage declines with the increment of serum total cholesterol and the westernization of diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Short-term memory in the rhesus monkey: A behavioral analysis of delayed-response performance.

This study obtained quantitative data on the bodily orientations of rhesus monkeys in a delayed-response task and determined whether such orientations mediate the correct response in a choice trial. The basic task was a two-key chain schedule with the key leading to food signaled in the initial component. During the subsequent delay interval, the signal was removed, but it was necessary that one of the keys be pressed to advance the schedule to the terminal choice component. The position of the key pressed thus indicated orientation during the delay interval. When the monkeys had free access to the left and right keys, they tended to press the key leading to food throughout the chain schedule components and received food on more than 85% of the trials, even when the delay was extended to 20 seconds. However, when orientation toward the food key was disrupted by forcing the monkeys to press an extraneous center key during the delay, choice performance deteriorated. Requiring the center key presses early, rather than late, in the delay component had a strong disruptive effect. The relation of the results to the mediating coding-response hypothesis is discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Studies on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropylamino]-ethane hydrobromide (Th 1165 a, fenoterol hydrobromide) in mice.

Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-isopropylamino]-ethane labelled with 3H (3H-fenoterol) were investigated in mice. After oral administration, 3H-fenoterol was absorbed quickly, reaching a maximum concentration level within 0.5 h after administration, and decreased thereafter with a half-life of about 2 h. Concerning the distribution in tissues after oral administration, digestive tracts showed the highest radioactivity concentration, with lesser concentrations in the kidneys, trachea and liver. The radioactivity concentrations in the other tissues were lower than or equal to that in blood. The concentration in brain tissue was especially low. 24 h after administration, radioactivity was hardly observed in any of the tissues except for intestinal contents. The rates of excretion in urine and in feces in 72 h were ca. 81% and 16%, respectively, with i.v. administration and ca. 45% and 45%, respectively, with oral administration. Metabolites were investigated in urine, serum, liver and kidneys. With every sample the mother compound was hardly observed at all, and most of what was observed were conjugates of fenoterol. The binding rate of 3H-fenoterol with serum protein was investigated with a gel-filtration method. As a result, the binding rate with serum protein was 3--5%.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Absence of transcellular fluid shift during haemofiltration.

Total body and extracellular fluid volume before and after haemofiltration were calculated using urea and inulin as markers. The change in plasma volume and interstitial fluid volume were also evaluated by haemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value. The extracellular fluid volume, especially interstitial fluid volume, was reduced, while intracellular fluid volume was not altered by haemofiltration.

Blood↗
PubMed1980

[Plasma catecholamine content in hypertensive subjects and spontaneously hypertensive rats using radioenzymatic assay (author's transl)].

The present experiments were undertaken to determine the plasma catecholamine content in normotensive, slightly hypertensive humans and spontaneously hypertensive rats using radioenzymatic assay. In addition, attempts were made to compare radioenzymatic assay with a fluorometric technique, using high performance liquid chromatography with respect to human plasma catecholamine content. Human plasma catecholamine content in normotensive subjects at rest was 250 +/- 61 pg/ml (mean +/- S.E.) for norepinephrine and 37 +/- 22 for epinephrine. Immediately after treadmill exercise, human plasma norepinephrine content significantly increased. In 14 patients with mild essential hypertension, plasma norepinephrine was 460 +2- 128 pg/ml with the subject in a supine position and 1030 +/- 151 in the case of treadmill exercise. Thus, there was a statistically significant difference. With regard to plasma catecholamine content in spontaneously hypertensive rats, the norepinephrine content was 816 pg/ml, epinephrine was 209 pg/ml and dopamine was 505 pg/ml, on an average. After comparing this method with the fluorometric technique using high performance liquid chromatography, we confirmed that the former requires much smaller sizes of samples and has much the same sensitivity as the latter.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Radiorespirometric analysis of glucose metabolism in the rat during feeding with 3'-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene--radiorespirometry after partial hepatectomy.

In previous papers we reported that the earlier peak time (PT) in radiorespiratory during feeding with 3'-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene(3'-Me-DAB) is due to activation of the hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathway together with hepatic cell proliferation reflecting the toxic effects of this carcinogen. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the results of radiorespiratory and the levels of enzyme activities of HMP pathway in regenerating rat liver in connection with hepatic cell proliferation. [3H]Thymidine incorporation into rat liver DNA and the activities of hexokinase (HK) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) reached a maximum at the 3rd day after partial hepatectomy. On radiorespirometry using [U-14C] glucose, the peak time (PT) was much earlier at the 2nd to 3rd day after partial hepatectomy. The peak height (PH) decreased to less than 1/2 of the initial level at the 2nd, but began to recover from the 3rd day. The yield value (YV) remained below the initial level for 4 days after the operation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The mutagenicity of halogenated alkanols and their phosphoric acid esters for Salmonella typhimurium.

9 halogenated alkanols, 9 corresponding tris (haloalkyl)phosphates, and 2 bis-(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate salts were evaluated for mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538, with and without rat liver in vitro metabolic activation system (S9 mix). Most of the test samples showed mutagenic activity in the strains TA100 and TA1535, but not in the strains TA98, TA1537 and TA1538. In general, the mutagenic activities of the phosphates obtained with S9 mix were greater than the activities obtained without S9 mix. Among the phosphates, several structure--activity relationships were found; i.e., (i) the bromoalkyl derivatives were more mutagenic than the corresponding chloroalkyl derivatives, (ii) the beta-haloethyl derivatives were more mutagenic than the gamma-halopropyl derivatives, (iii) the phosphates having adjacent beta and gamma halogen atoms in the alkyl moiety, e.g., tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, were particularly potent mutagens, (iv) the branched carbon chain reduced the mutagenic activities in spite of the presence of beta-halogen atoms, e.g., tris(1-bromomethyl-2-bromoethyl)phosphate. However, such relations did not necessarily apply to the halogenated alkanols. It is concluded that the metabolic activation pathway via haloalkanols to mutagens must not be in common with all tris-BP-like phosphates.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1979

A case of mucolipidosis II: biochemical, nutritional, and immunological studies.

A case of mucolipidosis II was studied biochemically, nutritionally and immunologically. A possible functional deficiency of T cells was observed, but discrepancy between B cells and immunoglobulin content was not reasonably explained at this moment. There was no basic nutritional problem in this case and it is more likely that his growth retardation was due to frequent episodes of severe respiratory infection because he received adequate calorie intake with low normal basal metabolic rate. Results of enzymatic assays were also presented.

Basal Metabolism↗