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Biomedical subjects

S Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to S Kojima.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of optic neuritis and neuropathy].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in thirty patients who had been suffering from optic neuritis (ON). Twenty-one cases were caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) and in 9 cases the causes been defined. In MRI, abnormalities were found in 17 out of 21 MS cases in several places such as near the ventricles, mid-brain, spinal cord etc. Increased signals from the optic chiasm to optic radiation were found in 5 cases. However, abnormal MRI findings did not always correspond to Goldmann visual field defects. In 3 out of 9 cases of ON with unknown causes, high signals in the white matter of the brain were found, and it was suggested that those may develop to MS. MRI was, thus, proved to be very useful for the diagnosis of MS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Comparative effects of chelating agents on distribution, excretion, and renal toxicity of inorganic mercury in rats.

The effects of three chelating agents, sodium N-benzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate(NBG-DTC), 2,3-dimercaptopropanol(BAL), and D-penicillamine(D-PEN), on the distribution, excretion, and renal toxicity of inorganic mercury were compared in rats exposed to HgCl2. Rats were injected i.p. with 203HgCl2 (300 micrograms of Hg and 2 microCi of 203Hg/kg) and 30 min or 24 h later they were injected with a chelating agent (a quarter of an LD50). The injection of the chelating agents significantly enhanced the biliary and urinary excretions of mercury. BAL was the most effective for removal of mercury from the body at 30 min after mercury treatment. The extent of enhancing effect of the chelating agents for removal of mercury at 24 h after mercury was in the order NBG-DTC = BAL greater than D-PEN. The injection of BAL at 24 h after mercury treatment caused the redistribution of mercury to the heart and lung. NBG-DTC did not result in the redistribution of mercury to the heart, lung, and brain. Urinary excretion of protein and AST significantly increased 24-48 h after mercury treatment and decreased to the control values 72 h after mercury. The injection of the chelating agents at 30 min after mercury treatment significantly decreased the urinary excretion of protein and AST. In rats pretreated with mercury 24 h earlier, the chelating agents significantly decreased the urinary protein at 48 h after mercury treatment, but did not decrease the urinary AST. The results of this study indicate that the chelating agents are effective in removing mercury from the body, resulting in the protective effect against the mercury-induced renal damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Identification of myeloid origin in undifferentiated congenital leukemia by in vitro marrow culture study.

A case of congenital leukemia that originally did not express any lineage-specific antigenic markers is presented. The blast cell morphologic appearance was L1 according to French-American-British (FAB) classification and showed lymphoid characteristics by cytochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy. However, immunophenotyping using a variety of monoclonal antibodies did not confirm the lymphoid origin. Furthermore, the immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor beta-chain genes were in germ-line configuration. The in vitro culture study defined the leukemia as of myeloid origin. The semisolid methylcellulose culture showed an acute non-lymphocytic leukemia-type growth pattern. Bone marrow blasts underwent myeloid differentiation with positive myeloperoxidase and butyrate esterase activity during a suspension culture. These findings indicate that this case represents an acute undifferentiated leukemia that has probably arisen from the malignant transformation of stem cells of myeloid progeny.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

[70% glucose solution: clinical usefulness for postoperative management of anuric patients].

Hemodialysis is necessary for postoperative management of the patients with bilateral renal tumor or chronic renal failure, but taking into account the heavy burden imposed upon the patients, use of postoperative hemodialysis should be kept to the minimum. As one bottle (300 ml) of 70% glucose solution contains 840 cal, two bottles per day (its volume is nearly equal to intensive perspiration) is enough in calorific value. This 70% glucose solution was found useful for the management of patients with acute renal failure. Because the postoperative state of anuric patients is similar to the state of acute renal failure, this time we studied the clinical usefulness of a 70% glucose solution for the postoperative management of these patients. We administered 600 ml of a 70% glucose solution to three postoperative patients, who were operated on for bilateral renal tumor, bilateral renal pelvic tumor, and renal tumor with lung metastasis and who had been on chronic hemodialysis. The rate of blood urea nitrogen increase was very low, and hyperkalemia was not seen. We concluded that a 70% glucose solution was useful to delay the start of hemodialysis and to lessen its frequency, which suggests that it is useful to improve the postoperative course of anuric patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Physiologic changes during supraventricular tachycardia and release of atrial natriuretic peptide.

Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increase markedly during supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Although natriuresis associated with SVT may be secondary to the augmented secretion of ANP, whether or not physiologic changes other than natriuresis can be attributed to the release of ANP has not been determined. In the present study, plasma ANP levels in 10 patients with SVT were found to be significantly (p less than 0.05) increased, from 37 +/- 11 pg/ml (mean +/- standard error of the mean) during the control period to 160 +/- 54 pg/ml at 60 minutes after the induction of SVT. Urinary sodium excretion, although insignificant, tended to increase during the 30-minute period after SVT termination. The filtration fraction determined by the ratio of creatinine to para-aminohippurate clearance significantly increased during SVT. An increase in capillary permeability seemed to have occurred as there was a rise of hematocrit, the changes of which showed a different time course from that of the urine volume. The ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity significantly decreased during SVT. As the same effects are observed after ANP infusion, these changes were attributed to ANP activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Biodistribution of neoglycoproteins in mice bearing solid Ehrlich tumor.

Synthetic neoglycoproteins were employed for the specific detection of their corresponding cellular sugar receptors, such as endogenous lectins, by specific protein-carbohydrate interaction. A panel of 16 radioiodinated probes with defined carbohydrate content, attached to the carrier protein bovine serum albumin, disclosed marked differences in the expression of corresponding sugar receptors on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro as an exemplary tumor model. To quantify tumor uptake in the more complex in vivo situation and to assess binding to individual organs attributable to the various types of carbohydrates we determined the biodistribution of the radiolabelled neoglycoproteins 48 h after injection into tumor-bearing mice. The individual pattern of retention of radioactivity demonstrated distinct properties of the different organs that need to be accounted for in drug-targeting and tumor-imaging studies, based on protein-carbohydrate interactions. Combined tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios of neoglycoprotein accumulation were well above 1 after covalent attachment of xylose or glucuronic acid, respectively, to the carrier protein. These data constitute the basis for further refinements of the carbohydrate part of suitable neoglycoproteins to allow a potentially rational application of neoglycoproteins as drug-targeting vehicles and tumor-imaging radiopharmaceuticals.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A mouse monoclonal antibody that binds to an alpha-stichocyte of Trichinella spiralis.

Monoclonal antibodies were generated for the isolation of specific antigens from Trichinella spiralis. A monoclonal antibody (TS32D12) of the IgG1 class was selected according to its reactivity and specificity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescent technique. The TS32D12 antibody was purified from ascites by fast protein liquid chromatography. The purified antibody showed a sensitive reaction to the T. spiralis antigen, but not to any other heterologous parasite antigens so far examined. Western blot analysis showed that the monoclonal antibody bound to epitopes present on the 160-kDa molecule. The antigen molecule was fragmented into 56-kDa molecules by heat treatment. The epitopes seemed to be destroyed since the antibody could not bind to the 56-kDa molecule. Staining with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent suggested that the two molecules of 160 kDa and 56 kDa were glycoproteins. The 160-kDa molecule was detected only in the alpha-stichocyte of T. spiralis muscle larvae.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Schistosoma japonicum and Paragonimus ohirai: antagonism between S. japonicum and P. ohirai in Oncomelania nosophora.

Antagonistic interactions between Schistosoma japonicum and Paragonimus ohirai were examined in the snail host, Oncomelania nosophora. When P. ohirai-infected snails were exposed to S. japonicum miracidia at intervals of 4 to 18 weeks post-first exposure, only a few snails (0-7%) were found to be superinfected with S. japonicum sporocysts. Sporocysts were fewer in number than those of single infected controls. Mature S. japonicum cercariae were not observed. Furthermore, when the snails were examined at intervals of 14 to 18 weeks post-second exposure, neither sporocysts nor cercariae of S. japonicum were found. On the other hand, when the snails were exposed to miracidia of S. japonicum and P. ohirai simultaneously, they were easily infected with both parasites. At 26 weeks after simultaneous exposure, however, the infection rate of S. japonicum was significantly lower than that of controls. In contrast, when S. japonicum-infected snails were exposed to P. ohirai miracidia, they were superinfected with P. ohirai, although the infection rate was somewhat lower than that of controls. These results indicate the existence of antagonism between S. japonicum and P. ohirai in O. nosophora. Furthermore, P. ohirai was dominant over S. japonicum in the antagonistic interactions in this snail host.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cardiovascular effects of intravenous and intracoronary administration of atrial natriuretic peptide in halothane anesthetized dogs.

Cardiovascular actions of synthetic 1-28 human natriuretic peptides (hANP) were examined in dogs anesthetized with halothane. In seven closed-chest dogs a Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted for measurement of cardiac output. Intravenous infusion of increasing doses of hANP (0.1, 0.3, 0.9 microgram/kg/min) lowered mean aortic pressure without affecting heart rate significantly. Cardiac output and pulmonary wedge pressure were markedly decreased while total peripheral resistance was increased significantly. All these parameters returned to control levels after 1 hr of recovery with an 100-150ml of saline infusion to increase pulmonary capillary wedge pressure to the preinfusion value. Intracoronary infusion of hANP (0.05 and 0.1 microgram/kg/min) did not cause any significant changes in coronary flow and regional contraction. These results indicate that the hypotensive action of hANP is due to a decrease in cardiac output mediated by reduced preload but not by negative inotropic action.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1988

Application of the latex agglutination test for human paragonimiasis in South America.

The latex agglutination test (LAT) was compared with the complement fixation test (CFT), double diffusion test (DDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of South American paragonimiasis. Sera from 17 Peruvian and Ecuadorian patients with paragonimiasis, from 15 Japanese patients with other helminthiases, and from 100 healthy students were analyzed. The tests were also compared using serum samples from patients treated with bithionol. There was remarkable agreement among the methods and it was concluded that the LAT could be a useful serodiagnostic technique for paragonimiasis, especially in field surveys.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1988

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other pathogens in the aetiology of lower respiratory tract infections among Japanese children.

The causes of lower respiratory tract infections in 1544 children attending a Japanese hospital over a period of 7 years were investigated. Both cultivation and two serological techniques were used to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae whereas viral involvement was investigated only by serology. Pathogens were identified in 52% of 1175 patients with pneumonia and 36% of 369 patients without pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was specifically diagnosed in 414 (26.8%) of the 1544 patients. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was dominant in children up to 2 years of age. By the age of 3 years, M. pneumoniae was equalling it in incidence and became the main pathogen in older groups. It is suggested that M. pneumoniae may be more important in the 3-6 years age group than hitherto suspected. These observations may influence the choice of antibiotics for treating lower respiratory tract infections in childhood.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1988

Antihypertensive drugs and sodium restriction. Analysis of their interaction based on pressure-natriuresis relationship.

The hypotensive effects of some antihypertensive drugs are augmented under sodium restriction, while those of others are not. The mechanisms of these interactions were theoretically analyzed based on the arterial pressure-natriuresis relationship. Four-week studies were performed in 24 patients with essential hypertension who were given a regular sodium diet (12-15 g of NaCl/d) in the first and third weeks and a sodium-restricted diet (1-3 g/d) in the second and fourth weeks. One of three antihypertensive drugs, 60 mg/d of nicardipine (Ca-antagonist), 120 mg/d of propranolol (beta-blocker) or 150 mg/d of captopril (converting-enzyme inhibitor) was administered in the third and fourth weeks. The mean arterial pressure and urinary sodium excretion were measured on the last three days of each week. The degree of interaction between the antihypertensive drugs and sodium restriction was statistically compared. The hypotensive effect of nicardipine and propranolol did not differ with the change in sodium intake, whereas that of captopril was greater under sodium restriction than under the regular sodium diet. Urinary sodium excretion was plotted on the ordinate as a function of arterial pressure before and after administration of the antihypertensive drugs. The pressure-natriuresis curve was shifted left, without a change in the slope, by nicardipine and propranolol and also left, but with a decrease in the slope, by captopril. The hypotensive effect of nicardipine and propranolol, being independent of the amount of sodium intake, was based on the leftward shift of the pressure-natriuresis curve that was probably due to the decrease in renal vascular resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1988

Monitoring of 131I in milk and rain water in Japan following the reactor accident at Chernobyl and estimates of human thyroidal dose equivalents.

Iodine-131 in milk and in rain water in Nagoya, Japan, (a location 8,000 km from Chernobyl) was monitored between May and July 1986. The 131I concentration in rain water ranged from 43.1 Bq L-1 on 4 May to 15 mBq L-1 on 12 July, and that in milk ranged from 21.8 Bq L-1 on 19 May to 11 mBq L-1 on 14 July. Iodine-131 concentrations in milk were estimated to be 4 to 6 times greater than those in rain water during the first few weeks after the accident. Both concentrations decreased with approximately the same effective half-life of 5.9 +/- 0.3 d for rain water and 5.0 +/- 0.2 d for milk. The 131I concentration in milk sold in markets varied from dairy to dairy and ranged from 0.07 to 0.2 times that in fresh milk. The maximum thyroidal dose equivalents estimated for an adult man and for a baby were far lower than the population annual dose equivalent to the thyroid from natural radiation.

Accidents↗
PubMed1988

Platelet peroxidase-positive blast cells in transient myeloproliferative disorder with Down's syndrome.

Transient myeloproliferative disorder accompanied by Down's syndrome has been characterized as exhibiting self-limiting haematological abnormalities. We studied six patients suffering from this disorder in order to clarify the biological nature of their blast cells. Metaphases of leucocytes stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) showed trisomy 21 in all patients except one. The exception was constitutionally trisomy 21 mosaic (46,XY = 89/47,XY,+21 = 11). However, metaphases from the peripheral blood cells (blast cells: 70%) without PHA stimulation showed exclusively trisomy 21. Simultaneous examination for morphology and chromosomal analysis on single colonies revealed that granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colonies and an erythroid colony contained only cells with the trisomy 21 karyotype. The blast cells showed positive reactions for platelet peroxidase (PPO) and with monoclonal antibodies against platelet-megakaryocyte antigen (TP 80 and TP 82). In methylcellulose and liquid culture systems, high plating efficiencies were observed, and mainly mature basophils containing histamine developed in the presence of PHA-stimulated leucocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM). In vivo, mature neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils or megakaryocytes coexisted with PPO-positive blast cells in the peripheral blood of some patients with this disorder. These findings suggest that transient myeloproliferative disorder is characterized by a proliferation of PPO-positive blast cells with trisomy 21, although some heterogeneity may be seen.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1988

Pontine lesion in opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome shown by MRI.

Two patients with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome are reported whose magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed brain stem lesions. Both patients developed the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome after an upper respiratory illness. One case had visual hallucinations during the course of illness and MRI revealed a focal lesion in the pons involving the junction of basis and tegmentum. MRI of the second case showed a focal lesion at the upper pontine tegmentum.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

High serum iron in human parvovirus-induced aplastic crisis in iron deficiency anemia.

Recent study has shown that the human parvovirus (HPV) is a causative agent of aplastic crisis in hemolytic anemias. In subjects without shortened red blood cell life span, HPV is not associated with symptomatic anemia. A case of iron deficiency anemia revealed by HPV linked to erythroblastopenia is described in a child. On admission, the serum iron was not decreased and other blood chemistry tests were also not consistent with the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. Abrupt cessation of erythropoiesis induced by HPV infection appeared to prolong plasma iron clearance, which elevated serum iron concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Bone marrow transplantation for hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia.

Five patients with hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia were transplanted with HLA-identical, mixed lymphocyte culture-compatible sibling marrow. One patient who had suffered from severe chronic graft-versus-host disease died from intracranial bleeding at 42 months following the transplant. The other four patients are surviving from 15 to 54 months after transplant with a median follow-up of 21 months. Previous hepatic damage from viral hepatitis and liver function abnormalities existing at the time of grafting do not appear to increase the risk of hepatic venocclusive disease or the side effects of ciclosporin in patients with hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia.

Acute Disease↗