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Biomedical subjects

S Koga

Publications and source records attributed to S Koga.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Clinical results and problems of total-body hyperthermia].

The clinical results and problems of extracorporeally-induced total-body hyperthermia (TBHT) for recurrent cancer were presented. A total of 105 hyperthermic treatments were performed in 38 patients who had had unsuccessful conventional systemic anticancer chemotherapy. Partial response was observed in 10 of 29 evaluable patients (37%). In analysing the anticancer effects of TBHT according to cancer site, a high efficacy was observed in patients with their main tumor in the lung, liver and lymph nodes. The anticancer effects were most enhanced when TBHT was performed in combination with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and 5-fluorouracil. In order to augment the anticancer effects of TBHT, the choice of combined agent(s) and administration timing are important. A useful method for determining the thermochemosensitivity of individual cancer cells to agents selected for drug treatment is the human tumor stem cell assay. Further, the usefulness of angiotensin II-induced hypertensive chemotherapy during TBHT for augmenting selective drug delivery to cancer tissues is stressed.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[Types of surgical operations and cancer development].

Experimental and clinical studies were undertaken to examine whether carcinogenesis in particular organs is influenced by types of surgical operations resulting in an alteration of bile acid excretion and metabolism. A higher incidence of remnant gastric carcinoma was noted in rats receiving gastrectomy with a greater amount of duodenogastric reflux. Furthermore, carcinogenesis was enhanced in gastrectomized rats that had been fed on a high-cholesterol diet causing an increase in bile acid excretion. In a human study, however, there was no relationship between gastrectomy and the incidence of remnant stomach carcinoma. Intestinal surgery alters bile acid metabolism, which may promote colon carcinogenesis. In patients receiving ileocecal resection or right hemicolectomy, the amount of total fecal bile acids was markedly increased as compared to the normal controls. A retrospective study on the incidence of metachronous colorectal cancer in our department showed that the incidence was 12.2% in patients with ileocecal resection in contrast to 4.4% in those with left-side colon resection. These findings suggest that there is a relationship between previous ileocecal resection and the development of metachronous colon carcinoma. We could not obtain any evidence of cholecystectomy having an increased risk for the development of colorectal carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Esophageal cancer developed after gastrectomy.

Between 1965 and 1983 we treated 129 patients with primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Of these patients, 12 (9.3%) had previously undergone partial gastrectomy and six manifested tumors in the lower thoracic esophagus. Esophagitis of the noncancerous esophageal mucosa surrounding the cancer was confirmed in three of five patients who underwent esophagectomy. We also retrospectively evaluated 130 patients with esophageal cancer who had undergone gastrectomy, including our 12 patients, reported in the Japanese literature between the same period. Between patients with esophageal cancer who had undergone gastrectomy and those who had not there was no age difference; there were more men in the first group. Cancer developed in the lower thoracic esophagus with relatively high frequency in patients who had undergone gastrectomy compared with those who had not. The possibility of an association between gastrectomy and the subsequent development of esophageal cancer, especially lower thoracic esophageal cancer, cannot be ruled out. Further studies are necessary to clarify a possible association.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mechanism of metastatic spread by 42 degrees C total-body hyperthermia in Lewis lung carcinoma.

We investigated the mechanism of metastatic spread in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice exposed to 42 degrees C total-body hyperthermia (TBH) by water immersion. When the mice were treated with 42 degrees C TBH 24 h after resection of the primary tumor, the spread of lung metastasis was inhibited (P less than 0.01). When tumor-bearing mice were exposed to 42 degrees C TBH followed by resection of the primary tumors 24 h later, the spread of lung metastasis was greater than in the control group from which tumors were removed 6 days after inoculation (P less than 0.05). When normal mice were subjected to 42 degrees C TBH and Lewis lung carcinoma cells were subsequently injected i.v., lung metastasis increased significantly in those mice that had received tumor cell injection between immediately after and 48 h after TBH treatment (P less than 0.02-0.001). Tumor-bearing mice were subjected to 42 degrees C TBH, and changes in the lung tissues were examined. Between 12 and 48 h after TBH, alveolar collapse, edema, and cellular infiltration into the alveolar walls were seen. Tumor-bearing mice were exposed to 42 degrees C TBH and blood was taken from the inferior vena cava. The number of tumor cells in the blood increased significantly 12 h after TBH exposure (P less than 0.05). We suggest that TBH promotes the intravascular invasion of tumor cells and that histological changes in the host lung facilitate the implantation of tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Consistency of DNA ploidy between primary and recurrent gastric carcinomas.

Eleven patients with gastric carcinoma, who had undergone re-resection of the lesion due to recurrence in the remnant stomach, were the subjects of a cytophotometric DNA analytical study. The objective was to determine whether or not the DNA cytogenic profile of cancer cells would be consistent during the growth of the carcinoma. The DNA distribution patterns were grouped into types I, II, and III, according to the proportion of aneuploid cell population. Ten of 11 had the same DNA distribution patterns in the primary and recurrent lesions, while in the other one patient with type III in the primary lesion, type II was evident at the time of recurrence. The DNA cytogenic profile of cancer cells is thus a valid cell marker of a given tumor and should be applicable for determining the natural history of gastric carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Idiopathic fatty liver of pregnancy with a subsequent uncomplicated pregnancy and a progressive increase in serum cholinesterase activity during the third trimester. A case report.

We treated a patient with idiopathic fatty liver of pregnancy and a subsequent uncomplicated pregnancy. She experienced general fatigue, nausea, vomiting and jaundice, and renal failure occurred in the third trimester of her first pregnancy. Liver biopsy revealed swollen hepatocytes with microvesicular changes in the cytoplasm. A diagnosis of idiopathic fatty liver of pregnancy was made. Following delivery of a dead fetus, she recovered completely and was discharged on the 30th hospital day. Eighteen months later, she became pregnant again and was delivered of a healthy male baby in the 39th week of gestation. Total bilirubin and transaminase levels were normal, and renal function tests revealed no significant changes during the course of the pregnancy. However, cholinesterase activity increased progressively from the 7th month, thereby suggesting a predisposition to idiopathic fatty liver of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Immunosuppressive factor from the spleen in gastric cancer patients.

The spleens of gastric cancer patients were examined to determine whether this organ releases an immunosuppressive factor. Compared to serum from peripheral blood, serum from splenic venous blood of advanced gastric cancer patients had greater suppressive activity to normal lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA); it also contained significantly more immune complexes. Furthermore, the supernatant from spleen cell cultures from advanced gastric cancer patients significantly suppressed normal lymphocyte responses to PHA. This immunosuppressive activity was enhanced when the supernatant was from cultures of separated nonadherent subpopulations. These observations were not detected in patients with early gastric cancer. The blastogenic response to PHA and the percentage of T-cells among spleen cells was not affected by the cancer stage. These results suggest that the spleen of patients with advanced gastric cancer participates in the induction of serum immunosuppressive factors, possibly due to a change in splenic lymphocyte subsets.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1985

Differential effects of morphine on core temperature in stressed and non-stressed rats.

The effects of morphine on body temperature were studied in rats in two different states - stressed and non-stressed. Morphine injected subcutaneously (s.c.) produced a dual action on body temperature in non-stressed rats. Hyperthermia occurred at lower doses (2.5-10 mg/kg) while hypothermia was produced with a higher dose (20 mg/kg). Both of these effects of morphine were reversed by naloxone (0.1-5.0 mg/kg). Stressing the rats (immobilization with wire mesh) produced slight hypothermia which was markedly potentiated by morphine (5-20 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. Enhancement of hypothermia by morphine in the stressed animals was antagonized by pretreatment with naloxone (0.1-5.0 mg/kg). When rats were treated with morphine (10 mg/kg) 1 h before stress, and were then exposed to immobilization stress, the hyperthermia exhibited in the non-stressed state changed to hypothermia in the stressed state. When the rats which were treated with morphine and then stressed for 1 h were released from stress, the hypothermia observed in the stressed state progressively changed to hyperthermia. Furthermore, these morphine effects, i.e. hyper- and hypothermia in the non-stressed and stressed states, respectively, were reversed but not eliminated by naloxone. These results suggest that the effects of morphine on core temperature in rats are altered depending upon the state of the animals. That is, morphine appears to have a dual action, hyperthermia in the non-stressed state and hypothermia in the stressed state. It also appears that these actions are mediated via opiate receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Clinical effects of total-body hyperthermia combined with anticancer chemotherapy for far-advanced gastrointestinal cancer.

The authors treated 17 patients with far-advanced gastrointestinal cancer with extracorporeally induced total-body hyperthermia (TBHT) combined with anticancer chemotherapy. Although all patients' tumors were clinically resistant to prior chemotherapy with 1-(2-tetrahydrofurlyl)-5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C, three patients had an objective response to TBHT plus the same anticancer agents with or without cyclophosphamide. That is, a partial response was obtained in 2 of 12 patients with recurrent gastric cancer and in 1 of 5 patients with recurrent large bowel cancer. However, their survival time was not markedly prolonged. As a characteristic complication of TBHT, the authors noted reversible weakness of the muscles of the lower extremities. Two patients died due to hepatorenal syndrome; preoperatively these patients had manifested hepatic or renal dysfunction. Therefore, in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction, the application of TBHT must be considered carefully.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

High incidence of liver metastasis in gastric cancer with medullary growth pattern.

We studied the histology of resected specimens from 71 gastric cancer patients with synchronous and metachronous liver metastasis to assess the predominance of a particular histological pattern in gastric cancer with a tendency for liver metastasis. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma manifesting a medullary growth pattern was the most frequent histologic pattern (33%), followed by papillary adenocarcinoma (28%) in 39 patients with synchronous liver metastasis. In 32 patients who developed metachronous liver metastasis as the main pattern of recurrence, papillary adenocarcinoma was most frequent (47%), followed by poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the medullary type (28%). Scirrhous carcinoma was not encountered in patients manifesting metachronous liver metastasis. As most of the papillary adenocarcinomas exhibited a medullary growth pattern, we hypothesize that gastric cancer of the medullary type tends to metastasize to the liver, irrespective of the basic histologic pattern, and that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the medullary type has a particularly high tendency for metastasizing to the liver.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Intra-hepato-arterial infusions of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and 5-fluorouracil clinically effective for malignant liver tumors.

Four hepatocellular cancer patients and 11 metastatic liver cancer patients were treated with intra-hepato-arterial infusions of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) plus 5-fluorouracil. Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (25-35 mg/m2) was given once a week, 5-fluorouracil (150-180 mg/m2) was infused daily. A partial response was obtained in 3 of 4 patients with primary cancer and in 5 of 9 evaluable metastatic cancer patients; the mean response durations were 27+ weeks in the former and 47+ weeks in the latter. However, severe bone marrow suppression occurred in 4 patients; 3 died of septicemia (2 cases) and massive intra-tracheal bleeding, respectively. This combined intra-hepato-arterial chemotherapy exerts a synergistic anticancer effect on malignant liver tumors, however, the related bone marrow suppression remains to be overcome.

Adult↗