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Biomedical subjects

S Koga

Publications and source records attributed to S Koga.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Prognosis of gastric cancer patients with special reference to the area of serosal cancerous invasion].

The area of serosal cancerous invasion and intraperitoneal free cancer cells were examined in 360 gastric cancer cases. The positivity rate of intraperitoneal free cancer cells was 20% in the group with under 20 cm2 of serosal invasion, 59% with 20 cm2 to 30 cm2, and 76% over 30 cm. The postoperative survival rate was significantly lower in the group with free cancer cells than in the group without them. Prognosis was better in case with the area of serosal invasion was smaller. Hematogenous metastasis was frequent under 20 cm2, but over 20 cm2, peritoneal metastasis predominated.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1987

[Clinicopathological study of gastric cancer with bone metastasis].

Fifty-eight patients with bone metastasis from gastric cancer, of whom 33 patients were resected cases and 25 were autopsies, were investigated. The incidence of bone metastasis of gastric cancer was 13.4% (33/246) among autopsies and was higher than that (1.5%, 33/2242) among resected cases. We attempted to clarify the factors related to bone metastasis by clinicopathological study. Bone metastasis had a tendency to occur in invasive cancer such as Borrmann types three or four. Histological examination revealed that 86% (50/58) of bone metastasis was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and that the stroma was scirrhous type in almost all cases. We measured serum alkaline phosphatase in patients with bone metastasis of recurrent gastric cancer, and found that the levels were relatively related to the condition of bone metastasis. However, the prognosis of patients with bone metastasis was not good and the mean survival time was about 5 months after the appearance of symptoms. In our department, we employ total body hyperthermia in such cases. This method has proved relatively effective for bone metastasis, as reflected by bone scintigram and changes in serum alkaline phosphatase values. As there is no reliable method of treatment for bone metastasis of gastric cancer, the present approach may be worth trying.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Preoperative radiotherapy and intra-abdominal metastasis of the lymph node in the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus.

Esophagectomy was performed upon 84 patients treated surgically for squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus from 1965 to 1985 at the Tottori School of Medicine. Forty-four of these patients received preoperatively a total of 30 to 40 grays of cobalt 60 (2 grays per day) to the primary lesions, and 40 patients did not receive preoperative radiation therapy. A decreased tendency in the occurrence of metastasis to the intrathoracic lymph nodes was observed histologically in the group exposed preoperatively to radiation. A significant decrease in the occurrence of metastasis to the intrathoracic regional nodes in patients with carcinoma of the middle part of the thoracic esophagus was observed (p less than 0.02). A significant increase in the occurrence of metastasis to the intra-abdominal lymph nodes was observed in the patients receiving radiation therapy (p less than 0.01). The results indicate that preoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus may increase the risk of metastasis to the intra-abdominal lymph nodes.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

[High-risk population of gastric cancer patients].

Atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia cannot be regarded as a form of precancerous change, but it is of profound significance in the development of gastric carcinoma. It would be reasonable to infer that those subjects who have atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia to any great extent represent a high-risk population for gastric cancer. Environmental factors, especially dietary habits, are implicated in the etiology of gastric carcinoma. Intake of high concentrations of sodium chloride is assumed to promote the development of carcinoma of the stomach. Cigarette smoking is also one of the risk factors in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, supposedly acting as an initiator in gastric tumorigenesis. Although a controversy exists as to whether gastric resection for benign ulcers enhances the subsequent development of gastric carcinoma, it appears likely that an increased amount of long-term duodenogastric reflux after partial gastrectomy results in a higher incidence of carcinoma in the stomach remnant.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1987

[Intrahepatic-artery infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and 5-fluorouracil in primary or metastatic liver cancer].

Eight hepatocellular cancer patients and eighteen metastatic liver cancer patients were treated with intrahepato-arterial infusion of CDDP (cis-diamminedichloro-platinum II) plus 5-FU (5-fluorouracil); CDDP (0.8-1.0 mg/kg) was given once every 7 or 10-14 days, while 5-FU (250-100 mg/day) was infused daily. A partial response was obtained in 5 of 8 patients with primary liver cancer and in 9 of 14 evaluable patients with metastatic liver cancer. However, severe complications due to bone marrow suppression were observed in 4 patients, 3 of whom died of septicemia and one of enterocolitis. This combined intra-hepato-arterial chemotherapy exerts a synergistic anticancer effect on malignant liver tumors, although the bone marrow suppression associated with it remains to be overcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Does preoperative radiation for thoracic esophageal cancer promote intramural lymphatic invasion?

Between 1976 and 1983, 43 patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus underwent esophagectomy in the Department of Surgery, Tottori University. Of these 43, 22 received a total dose of 30 to 40 Gy of Co60 (2 Gy/day) preoperatively: 21 were not given preoperative irradiation treatments. The spread of intramural lymphatic cancer invasion into the esophageal wall was compared in these two groups. The preoperatively irradiated patients manifested a significantly lower rate of lymphatic cancer invasion and the depth of invasion tended to be less than in the non-irradiated patients. However, in preoperatively irradiated subjects, the horizontal cancer spread into the extra-radiation field anal to the cancer site was greater than in the other group. In addition, a significantly higher intra-abdominal lymph node metastasis rate was found in the irradiated group than in the non-irradiated group. Our findings suggest that patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who are treated with preoperative radiotherapy must be carefully monitored for the occurrence of intramural lymphatic cancer invasion and distant lymph node metastasis.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

Carcinoembryonic antigen slope analysis as an early indicator for recurrence of colorectal carcinoma.

We analyzed the time course of postoperative serum CEA concentrations in 229 patients with histologically confirmed colorectal carcinoma. Preoperative CEA levels were correlated with Dukes' stages, however, the preoperative CEA value was of limited value as a screening procedure. In 42 patients with tumor recurrence after radical resection, a diagnosis of relapse, based on a rise in the CEA concentration, preceded the positive clinical symptoms. Analysis of the CEA time course made it possible to differentiate local tumor recurrence and generalized metastasis, regardless of the histologic type or primary site of the tumor.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1986

Negative correlation between cholecystectomy and the subsequent development of large bowel carcinoma in a low-risk Japanese population.

The incidence of previous cholecystectomy in a series of 541 patients with colorectal cancer and 1832 patients with stomach cancer was studied. Five patients (0.92 percent) with colorectal cancer and eight (0.44 percent) with stomach cancer had undergone previous cholecystectomy. To avoid biases in the two groups of patients, 416 pairs of patients, comparable in sex, age, and time of admission for cancer treatment, were matched from each group to compare the number of patients who had undergone previous cholecystectomy. Within these matched pairs, three patients with colorectal cancer and two with stomach cancer had histories of cholecystectomy. Hence, no substantial difference was noted between the two groups. In a follow-up study of 461 patients who had undergone cholecystectomy for gallstones, large bowel carcinoma and stomach carcinoma developed in one and six patients, respectively, during an observation period of four to 36 years. The ratio of patients with large bowel cancer to those with stomach cancer observed in this survey was almost equal to the value estimated for the population of Tottori Prefecture, where the majority of the patients reside. The incidence of large bowel carcinoma is not increased among cholecystectomized patients in a low-risk Japanese population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Elevated levels of serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) in patients with malabsorption syndrome.

Serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 5 patients with malabsorption syndrome. The serum level of PSTI was elevated to 123.8 +/- 25.8 ng/ml (Mean +/- SE) in patients with malabsorption syndrome, which was significantly higher than the 16.6 +/- 0.7 ng/ml level seen in 116 healthy control subjects. Serum PSTI levels in 5 patients with malabsorption syndrome showed inverse correlations with serum levels of cholesterol, cholinesterase and amylase, and not with serum levels of vitamin E, carotene, apoprotein A-IV, albumin, nor with immunoreactive elastase 1, respectively. These results suggest that elevated levels of serum PSTI represent a state of malnutrition due to impaired intestinal absorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Alterations in plasma levels of apolipoprotein A-IV in various clinical entities.

The serum levels of apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in disease-free humans, at fasting and after oral and intravenous fat administration. The studies were extended to patients with chronic pancreatitis, malabsorption syndrome, to postoperative patients on total parenteral nutrition and to patients with liver diseases, cholestasis, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure. Oral fat ingestion resulted in an increase of apo A-IV levels which remained elevated even when the postprandial hypertriglyceridemia had disappeared. A transient increase in apo A-IV levels was observed after intravenous fat infusion but the level declined simultaneously with decreases in triglyceride levels. Levels of serum apo A-IV were decreased under conditions where decreased fat intake or malabsorption of nutrients might have been present, such as in patients with chronic pancreatitis, malabsorption syndrome, acute hepatitis in the early stage, obstructive jaundice and in postoperative patients on total parenteral nutrition. On the other hand, the apo A-IV levels were high in patients with chronic renal failure and in those with diabetes mellitus and proteinuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Malakoplakia of prostate.

This represents the twenty-second case of malakoplakia of the prostate reported in the world literature. Eighteen patients (81.8%) had complications which may easily cause urinary tract infection. Treatment of these complications, therefore, is important.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate as an embolic agent for cranial arteriovenous malformations. An experimental study.

Physical properties of ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (Aron Alpha) were studied in comparison with isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (IBCA). Aron Alpha is characterized by high viscosity, a short polymerization time, low spreadability and low fragmentability. On the other hand, IBCA had low viscosity, a relatively long polymerization time, high spreadability and high fragmentability. Based on these findings, it is suggested that IBCA is suitable for transcatheter embolization, and Aron Alpha for intraoperative embolization. Mixture of IBCA with 5% Aron Alpha suppressed the spreadability and the fragmentability of IBCA, resulting in reduction of distal migration of IBCA into the venous system.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1986

[An unresectable case of hepatoma completely disappearing after oral administration of an anticancer drug (UFT)].

A 78-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of hypochondralgia. Since he was diagnosed as having advanced and unresectable hepatoma. UFT was administered as an oral chemotherapy, resulting in reduction of the liver tumor, and a decrease in AFP (ng/ml) from 1,200 to 18. Twenty-six months have already passed since the tumor was detected and 21 months since the start of UFT administration. The patient is still enjoying a good general condition and is presently under follow-up at our out-patient clinic. By the standard for the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy proposed by Koyama and Saito, this case corresponds to the state of complete response. This case suggested the clinical usefulness of UFT as an oral chemotherapy for advanced hepatoma.

Administration, Oral↗