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Biomedical subjects

S Kawaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Kawaguchi.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Immunopathological study of glomerular IgA deposition in ddY mice.

Serial renal biopsies were performed to observe in detail the age-related glomerular IgA deposition in ddY mice. Moreover, lymphocytes from spleens and Peyer's patches (PP) were immunologically examined in the mice at 10 months of age. The incidence of IgA deposition in the glomeruli was 0% at 3 months, 33% at 7 months, 60% at 10 months and 100% at 13 months, but IgA deposits were less intense than IgG and IgM deposits. Serum levels of IgA and polyclonal IgA responses of PP cells were significantly higher in the mice with glomerular IgA deposits. However, neither the Lyt-1+/Lyt-2+ cell ratio nor the polyclonal IgA responses of spleen cells were related to IgA deposition. Therefore, gut-associated lymphoreticular tissue (GALT) probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the high IgA response and glomerular IgA deposition observed in this strain. These results suggest that ddY mice would be valuable as a model of spontaneous glomerular IgA deposition, as well as being useful for studying the possible relationship between the mucosal immune system and glomerular IgA deposition.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Cerebro-cerebellar projections from the lateral suprasylvian visual area in the cat.

1. A projection from the medial bank of the lateral suprasylvian visual area, one of the targets of the cerebello-cerebral projection, back to the cerebellar cortex was demonstrated electrophysiologically in the cat. The anatomical pathways underlying this projection were investigated using orthograde and retrograde transport of wheatgerm-agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). 2. Responses were recorded in the cerebellar cortex on stimulation of the medial bank of the lateral suprasylvian area, and were compared with those evoked by stimulation of the motor cortex and the crown part of the parietal association cortex. 3. Responses induced by stimulation of the lateral suprasylvian area were shown to consist of early mossy and late climbing fibre responses. The mossy fibre response was evoked, at a latency of 2-3 ms, predominantly in the lateral part of the contralateral cerebellar cortex (mainly, crus I, crus II, dorsal paraflocculus and paramedian lobule) and the posterior part of the vermis (mainly, lobules VII and VIII). Climbing fibre responses were elicited with the preceding mossy fibre responses and were elicited at a much longer latency than the motor cortex-induced climbing fibre response. 4. The orthograde and retrograde HRP studies suggested that the mossy fibre response is mediated by the pontine grey whereas the climbing fibre response is conveyed indirectly to the inferior olive which sends the climbing fibres to the cerebellar cortex. After WGA-HRP injections into both the medial bank of the lateral suprasylvian area and the cerebellar responsive area, orthogradely labelled terminals of cortico-pontine projection fibres and retrogradely labelled ponto-cerebellar neurones were found in the pontine grey, where distributions of the two kinds of labelling overlapped. On the other hand, retrograde neuronal labelling alone was found in the inferior olive, implying that the climbing fibre responses evoked from the lateral suprasylvian area were relayed via indirect cortico-olivary pathways.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1988

Reactivity of mouse antibodies against bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes with various mouse cells before and after protease treatment.

A mouse monoclonal antibody against bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes (BrMRBC) was conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Various cells from the blood and lymphoid tissues of mice were stained before and after protease treatment with the fluorescent antibody. Without protease treatment, only the platelets were specifically, though dully, fluorescent. Protease treatment made all the erythrocytes, the majority of platelets, thymus and bone marrow cells and a small part of the spleen cells brightly fluorescent. The reactivity of the antibody with cells depended on the temperature, being stronger at 0 than at 37 degrees C. The present findings demonstrate that various mouse cells besides erythrocytes bear the epitopes for anti-BrMRBC antibodies in exposed or hidden form.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Hemorrhagic cyst of the cavum tunica vaginalis testis: a case report].

The patient, an eight-year-old boy, visited our clinic with the chief complaint of right painful scrotal swelling persisting for two days. A scrotal puncture yielded 9 ml of bloody fluid. Afterwards a small cystic mass was detected near the epididymal head on palpation and by ultrasonography. Laboratory test results including bleeding tendency were normal. A pedunculated red cystic mass originating from the parietal lamina of the tunica vaginalis testis was found on emergency operation. Histological examinations revealed hemorrhagic cyst of the tunica vaginalis testis with no malignancy.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Primary retroperitoneal teratoma in an adult: ultrasonographic, computer tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrations.

A 25-year-old male patient with a primary retroperitoneal teratoma is described. The chief complaint was right hypochondralgia during exercise for seven days. Various diagnostic imagings disclosed an expansive, heterogeneous and fat-rich mass associated with multiple cystic lesions in the right suprarenal fossa. Sagittal, transaxial and coronal magnetic resonance imaging scan visualized the extent and character of the tumor very clearly. Histological examination of the tumor removed through a thoracoabdominal approach showed cystic teratoma with out malignant transformations.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Detection of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae from male patients with urethritis].

Eighty-nine isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from 89 male urethritis patients were studied for beta-lactamases (penicillinase) production, and their susceptibilities to benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (Augmentin), cephalexin, cefotaxime, spectinomycin and minocycline were determined by an agar plate-dilution method. Penicillinase activity was tested by a chromogenic cephalosporin method with nitrocefin as substrate (CefinaseTM discs, BBL, USA) and by a paper strip acidimetric method with benzylpenicillin as substrate (beta-Lactamase detection papers, Oxoid, UK). In addition, 60 of the 89 patients were examined for Chlamydia trachomatis, using fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies (Direct specimen test; Micro TrakTM, Syva Co., USA). Penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) were found in 12 of the 89 strains (13.5%). Although all these strains of PPNG were highly resistant to benzylpenicillin and amoxicillin, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Augmentin markedly decreased. Piperacillin was highly active against not only non-PPNG but also PPNG strains. More than half the isolates were resistant to cephalexin (MICs greater than or equal to 12.5 micrograms/ml) while all strains including non-PPNG and PPNG were fully sensitive to cefotaxime (MICs less than or equal to 0.20 microgram/ml). Spectinomycin and minocycline had MIC ranges of 6.25 to 25 micrograms/ml and 0.01 to 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively; the ranges for non-PPNG and PPNG strains were fairly similar. C. trachomatis was detected in 11 (18.3%) out of 60 patients examined. The increasing incidence of PPNG and coexisting chlamydial infection should be taken into account in the treatment of gonococcal urethritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Cerebellocerebral projection from the fastigial nucleus onto the frontal eye field and anterior ectosylvian visual area in the cat.

The fastigiocerebral projection in the cat was investigated electrophysiologically by recording field potentials and unit activities and also morphologically by anterograde and retrograde HRP methods. Three cortical areas mostly hidden in sulci, two in the frontal cortex and one in the insular cortex, were responsive to fastigial stimulation under pentobarbital anesthesia. The responsive areas in the frontal cortex were the ventral bank of the cruciate sulcus and the area surrounding the fundus of the presylvian sulcus; the latter area corresponds to a subregion of the frontal eye field. The responsive area in the insular cortex was the ventral bank of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus, which overlaps largely with the "anterior ectosylvian visual area." The response in the frontal cortex was a surface-positive, depth-negative wave, whereas the response in the insular cortex was a surface-negative, depth-positive wave. Anterogradely labeled terminals of the fastigiothalamic projection were most dense in the ventromedial (VM) nucleus in which retrogradely labeled neurons were numerous when WGA-HRP was injected into any one of the three cortical areas. In agreement with the results of the HRP studies, units that responded orthodromically to fastigial stimulation and antidromically to cortical stimulation were located in the thalamic VM nucleus. There was a marked difference between the frontal and insular cortices in laminar distribution of terminals of the thalamocortical projection fibers. Anterogradely labeled terminals after injection of WGA-HRP into the VM nucleus were distributed mainly in layers I and III in the frontal cortex, whereas they were distributed mainly in layer I in the insular cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Regeneration of the cerebellofugal projection after transection of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the cat.

In contrast to the current concept of abortive regeneration of mammalian central axons, the occurrence of marked, functionally active, regeneration of the cerebellofugal projection was proved in the cat after complete transection of the decussation of the brachium conjunctivum (BCX). Because the BCX is a complete crossing it was transected completely by pushing down an edged U-shaped wire to the base of the brain stem in the midline, and the wire was left in situ to mark the lesion. Later, horseradish peroxidase was injected into the cerebellar lateral and interpositus nuclei to label the cerebellofugal projection arising from these nuclei; axonal regeneration was proved by demonstration of labelled fibres passing through the area enclosed by the U-shaped wire. By this procedure the origin, course, and destination of the regenerated fibres were identified unambiguously. Most of the regenerated axons took a course similar to that of the normal projection and terminated in the normal projection areas, whereas a small proportion of fibres showed an aberrant course and termination. Functional connectivity of the regenerated cerebellothalamic projection was tested electrophysiologically in the same animals examined morphologically. In all animals in which marked axonal regeneration occurred, cerebellocerebral responses, as in intact animals, were evoked in the frontal motor and parietal associated cortices. Study of the time-course of regeneration revealed that the cut ends of axons began to swell as early as 15 min after transection, produced terminals tipped by growth cones in 14-24 hours, grew to cross the lesion in 3 days, and distributed dense terminals in the thalamus by 19 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of corticosteroids on coagulation factors in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and plasma procoagulant activities were studied in 38 children with nephrotic syndrome in the presence or absence of prednisolone therapy. PT was normal but APTT was prolonged during relapse in untreated patients. Increased factors V, VII, VIII, XI and XIII in both treated and untreated and factor IX in treated patients, as well as decreased factors X and XII in untreated patients, were observed during relapse. These coagulation factor changes were unrelated either to the dose of prednisolone or underlying renal histology and normalized with clinical remission. However, plasma levels of factors II, V, VIII, IX, X and XI were still increased in treated patients. The data suggest that corticosteroids shorten APTT, raise both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and therefore have favorable and unfavorable effects on the coagulation system in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Post-natal development of the retinal and cerebellar projections onto the lateral suprasylvian area in the cat.

1. Post-natal development of the retinal and cerebellar projections onto the medial bank of the lateral suprasylvian visual area was examined by using the field potential method and, additionally, by the orthograde horseradish peroxidase method. 2. Optic nerve stimulation elicited a surface-positive, depth-negative field potential in the medial bank of the lateral suprasylvian area of adult cats. By contrast, in kittens younger than 3 weeks old, a surface-negative, depth-positive field potential was evoked. The response grew adult-like by 1 month of age. Corticocortical response, activated by stimulation of cortical areas 17 and 18, underwent a similar developmental change. 3. Cerebellar stimulation evoked a surface-negative, depth-positive wave from birth up to adulthood. Thalamocortical afferents from the ventroanterior and ventrolateral nuclei of the thalamus to the medial bank of the lateral suprasylvian area, which is presumed to be responsible for this cerebellar response, terminate mostly in layer I in both new-born kittens and adult cats. 4. The present results, and our previous morphological findings on the projections from the extrageniculate visual thalamus and visual cortical areas 17 and 18 onto the medial bank of the lateral suprasylvian area, were correlated with reference to the maturation of the neuronal circuit in the cortex.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Phospholipid epitopes for mouse antibodies against bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes.

The reactivity of mouse antibodies against bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes (BrMRBC) with phospholipid epitopes was assessed by ELISA, using four clones of monoclonal anti-BrMRBC antibodies that had idiotypes distinct from one another. The four antibodies could bind to low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from human and chicken, but not to LDL from mouse and rat. As to liposomes of natural phospholipids, all the clones reacted with liposomes of phosphatidylcholine, and some of them could react with liposomes of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylic acid or cardiolipin. For liposomes of synthetic phosphatidylcholine with different fatty acids, the length of carbon chains and the number of unsaturated carbon chains of the fatty acids markedly affected the binding of each monoclonal antibody to the liposomes. The addition of dicetyl phosphate or stearylamine to phosphatidylcholine liposomes changed the reactivity of the liposomes. These results support the view that mouse anti-BrMRBC antibodies can recognize appropriately spaced phosphorylcholine residues on the surface of phospholipid liposomes, LDL and cells. The four clones had similar capacities for binding to LDL as well as to BrMRBC, but they had obviously different capacities for binding to phospholipid liposomes; the epitopes on phospholipid liposomes used in the present study were not so perfect as to react well with every anti-BrMRBC antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Expression of two cross-reactive idiotypes on mouse antibodies against bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes.

Two cross-reactive anti-idiotype (Id) antibodies were previously prepared from sera of rabbits immunized with mouse monoclonal antibodies against bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes (BrMRBC). Most of the anti-BrMRBC plaque-forming cells (PFC) were suppressed by either of the two anti-Id antibodies. The Id profiles of anti-BrMRBC PFC were almost identical among various cell populations in a strain, but different among various mouse strains. Mouse sera contained both of the Id-bearing immunoglobulins Ig, and a significant part of the Id-bearing Ig were eliminated by absorption with BrMRBC. Nude BALB/c mice were almost equal to normal BALB/c mice in the Id patterns of anti-BrMRBC PFC and in the concentrations of the Id-bearing Ig. The injections of anti-Id antibodies into suckling mice suppressed, specifically, the development of the B cells to produce the homologous Id-bearing Ig, but the injection of Id-bearing monoclonal antibodies barely affected Id expression. It is suggested that the two Id are encoded in germ-line genes of mice, and are expressed independently of each other and Id-anti-Id regulations by T cells or B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of antidepressant on behavior and central catecholamine of depression-model rats.

Effect of antidepressant on behavior and central catecholamine were investigated in depression-model rats produced by long-term forced running stress. Changes in the spontaneous running activity and the concentration and turnover of catecholamine were examined in non-stressed rats injected with saline and depression-model rats injected with saline, imipramine and MOD-20 (a candidate for a tetracyclic antidepressant). Running activity was significantly restored by injection of imipramine and MOD-20. In depression-model rats, the concentrations of central catecholamine increased in the cell bodies and nerve terminals of the ascending noradrenaline system, and turnover rates of the catecholamine decreased in the terminal region. The increased concentrations were returned to the non-stressed level after injection of the drugs. However, decreased turnover rates were not recovered after the injection. These results suggested that MOD-20 was a potent antidepressant and the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants might be due to the restoration of catecholamine concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Complete ureteric duplication associated with ureterocele: two cases report].

Herein we report two cases of complete ureteric duplication associated with ureterocele. A 4-month-old girl with non-visualizing left kidney was hospitalized with complaints of cloudy urine and fever. An antegrade left pyelogram revealed a completely duplicated collecting system; a duplex tortuous ureter, and round radiolucent filling defect in the bladder. Under the diagnosis of completely duplicated ureter associated with the upper pole ureterocele, ureterocystoneostomy was performed. A circumferential incision was made around the base of the ureterocele and the Politano-Leadbetter technique was employed. Her postoperative course was uneventful. However, an excretory urogram showed a mild hydronephrotic upper pole. A 1-year and 4-month-old girl with the history of repeated urinary tract infections and fever attacks was admitted. The excretory urogram showed a left hydronephrotic lower pole with a "drooping flower" and no opacification of the upper pole. A radiolucent filling defect was seen in the bladder. A left antegrade pyelogram demonstrated the massively dilated upper pole with a hydroureter terminating in the ureterocele. Left heminephrectomy with partial ureterectomy was performed and left hydronephrosis and hydroureter with an atrophic kidney were seen. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Female↗