Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Kanda

Publications and source records attributed to S Kanda.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Whole-body irradiation inhibits the escape phenomenon of osteoclasts in bones of calcitonin-treated rats.

The escape phenomenon is characteristic of osteoclastic bone resorption in organ cultures, and calcitonin only transiently inhibits parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated resorption. The present study demonstrated that the transient inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption, a phenomenon reminiscent of escape, occurs in the bones of calcitonin (ECT)-treated rats and that whole-body irradiation inhibits this escape. Rats were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of ECT for 72 h. At 24 h ECT decreased the incidence of osteoclast profiles with ruffled borders both in the growth plate-metaphysis junction (GPMJ) and the metaphyseal trabecular bone region (MT). However, by 72 h the incidence in the MT had been restored to the level of the control. The trabecular bone volume in the ECT-treated bone did not differ significantly from the control value. Whole-body irradiation (600 rad) before the first injections of ECT prevented the re-activation of the ruffled border formation and increased the trabecular bone volume at 72 h. Irradiation diminished the number of osteoclasts in the ECT-treated bones to the level of the control. ECT-treated bones contained a greatly increased number of macrophage-like cells (MO). Irradiation prevented this ECT-induced increase in the number of MO. These results strongly suggest that the escape phenomenon in vivo involves the calcitonin-induced proliferation of cells in the mononuclear phagocyte system, with resultant increases in the number of osteoclasts and in the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The syndrome of posterior thalamic hemorrhage.

In six patients with CT evidence of posterior thalamic hemorrhage, we found the following signs: saccadic hypometria away from the lesion; defective pursuit toward the lesion with corresponding opticokinetic abnormalities; mild ipsilateral ptosis; ipsilateral miosis; unilateral sensory neglect; and sensorimotor hemiparesis. This distinct syndrome has a benign course and satisfactory recovery. It differs from the classic picture of thalamic hemorrhage, and can be called "the syndrome of posterior thalamic hemorrhage."

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical experience with cefmenoxime (CMX) in complicated urinary tract infections].

Cefmenoxime (CMX) was intravenously administered to 106 patients with complicated urinary tract infection at a daily dose of 2-4 g for 5 days. An excellent response in overall clinical efficacy was seen in 15 cases (18.3%), a moderate response in 46 cases (56.1%) and poor response in 21 cases (25.6%). Pyuria was cleared in 20 cases (24.4%), decreased in 22 cases (26.8%) and unchanged in 40 cases (48.8%). Bacteriuria was eliminated in 41 cases (50.0%), decreased in 17 cases (20.7%), relapsed in 7 cases (8.5%) and unchanged in 17 cases (20.7%). Bacteriologically, 74 (76.8%) of the 95 strains isolated were eradicated by CMX, and 22 (23.2%) persisted. Side effects were observed in 3 (abdominal pain, diarrhea and elevation of trans amylase) of the 106 cases. Judging from the above results, CMX is considered to be a useful drug in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[A randomized controlled study to compare 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) and 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (Tegafur) for the prevention of post-operative recurrence of bladder cancer].

To evaluate the effect of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), a derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), in preventing postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer, a randomized controlled study with 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (Tegafur) as the reference standard was performed. HCFU was given orally 600 mg a day and Tegafur was given orally, 800 mg a day. The following results were obtained: Of 103 patients, 51 were given HCFU and 52 Tegafur, the non-recurrence rate in the group treated with HCFU was 70.8% after 1 year and 54.9% after 2 years of follow up, and that of the group treated with Tegafur was 56.5% and 46.2% respectively. The rate of non-recurrence in the HCFU group was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than that of the Tegafur group during the period of follow up between 450 and 539 days. Of the 87 patients, who took the drugs for more than 90 days, the rate of non-recurrence in 43 patients receiving HCFU was 79.2% after 1 year and 60.4% after 2 years, compared to 62.5% and 50.0% respectively for 44 patients receiving Tegafur. The non-recurrence rate of the HCFU group was also significantly higher than that of the Tegafur group in the period between 450 and 539 days after operation (p less than 0.05). The incidence of side effects was 35.6% and 51.7% in HCFU and Tegafur patients, respectively. No significant difference of side effects was found between HCFU and Tegafur.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[Shared antigens between BCG and tumor cells--immunotherapy with BCG for mouse tumor].

Cytotoxic activity of anti-BCG rabbit serum (A-BCG) and the antigenic relationship between BCG and tumor cells were studies. A-BCG showed high cytotoxic activity against line 10 tumor cells of guinea pig Strain 2 and Colon 26 tumor cells of BALB/c mouse but not to cells of human bladder cancer (HT 1197, HT 1376). Cell-killing activity of A-BCG against line 10 and Colon 26 was dependent on complement participation. It was also found that Colon 26 cells were heterogenous in their susceptibility to the killing activity of A-BCG. Antigenic studies between BCG and tumor cells were undertaken using on indirect immunofluorescence method and it was found that all tumor cells used in the experiment shared common antigens with BCG. In immunotherapy with BCG for Colon 26 tumors, BCG worked effectively for suppressing tumor growth. However, enhancement of tumor growth in some of the BCG-treated mice was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Examination of the subcellular distribution of tripeptide aminopeptidase and evaluation of its clinical usefulness in human serum.

Following electrophoretic separation, we assayed tripeptide aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.4) in human tissues and sera free of interferences by other aminopeptidases. Tripeptide aminopeptidase is distributed in various human tissues, with the highest activity observed in liver and lymphocytes. The highest specific activity of the enzyme was observed in the soluble fraction prepared from liver, and 65% of the enzyme activity in the original homogenate was recovered in this fraction. Cancerous and fetal tissues showed lower enzyme activities than normal adult tissues. Elevations of tripeptide aminopeptidase were observed in sera of patients with liver disorders, leukemias, and autoimmune diseases.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of cytosolic aminopeptidase in human sera. Evaluation in hepatic disorders.

Employing the quantitative electrophoretic separation of cytosolic "LAP" activity (EC. 3.4.11.1), the authors investigated the clinical significances of cytosolic and total "LAP" activities in the sera of patients with several different hepatic disorders and elucidated the previously confusing results of aminopeptidase measurements in clinical laboratories. The dominant aminopeptidases measured in human sera by L-leucinamide as substrate are both cytosolic "LAP" and microsomal aminopeptidase (EC. 3.4.11.2). Total "LAP" activity means the sum of these two aminopeptidases. Different substrate specificities are observed in these two enzymes located in other subcellular fractions and different increasing rates of these enzymes are observed in various hepatic diseases. In cases of acute hepatic cell damage, cytosolic "LAP" accounts for a large percentage of total "LAP" of a patient's serum. On the other hand, in cases of elevation of hepatobiliary enzymes, microsomal aminopeptidase constitutes a large part of total "LAP" activity, and the ratio between cytosolic and total "LAP" activity is very low.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1984

Interaction between glycophorin and ganglioside GM1 on liposomal membranes. Effect of the interaction on the susceptibility of membranes to HVJ.

Liposomes could bind and fuse efficiently to human erythrocytes in the presence of HVJ when they contained glycophorin isolated from human erythrocytes (Umeda, M., et al. (1983) J. Biochem. 94, 1955). In the present work we demonstrated that HVJ-induced fusion between liposomes containing glycophorin and erythrocytes was suppressed when GM1 coexisted with glycophorin in the same liposomal membranes. Asialo-GM1 and other gangliosides such as GM3 and sialosylparagloboside did not affect the fusion between the liposomes and erythrocytes. An intermolecular interaction between glycophorin and GM1 was suggested by the ESR spectrum obtained from liposomes containing glycophorin and a ganglioside GM1 analog carrying a nitroxyl spin label in the fatty acyl chains (5SL-gangliosidoide). The overall splitting value (2A parallel) observed in the ESR spectrum of liposomes containing 5SL-gangliosidoide increased with increase of the amount of glycophorin, whereas 2A parallel of spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine was not changed. The increase of 2A parallel of 5SL-gangliosidoide suggests that the mobility of the fatty acyl chain of the gangliosidoide was restricted by the interaction with glycophorin. It can be concluded that GM1 located near glycophorin, a receptor of the virus, interferes with the activity of viral F protein, inhibiting the fusion of liposome to erythrocyte.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed1984

Estimation of the gene frequency of lactate dehydrogenase subunit deficiencies.

To detect the frequency of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) subunit deficiency, screening for LDH subunit deficiency was performed on 3,776 blood samples from healthy individuals in Shizuoka Prefecture by means of electrophoresis. The frequency of heterozygote with LDH-A subunit deficiency was found to be 0.185%, and with LDH-B subunit deficiency, 0.159%. The frequencies of both subunit deficiencies were not significantly different. Gene frequencies of LDH subunit deficiencies were calculated by the simple counting procedure, and the results are as follows: gene frequency of LDH-A subunit deficiency was 11.9 X 10(-4), and that of LDH-B subunit deficiency, 7.9 X 10(-4). In addition, the second case in the world of a homozygous individual with LDH-A subunit deficiency was detected by this screening. This case with regard to the characteristics of LDH-A subunit deficiency are summarized herein.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1984

A specific kinetic assay for tripeptide aminopeptidase in serum.

This is a method for measuring tripeptide aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.4) activity in serum. L- Leucylglycylglycine is used as substrate, and the reaction is followed by monitoring the absorbance increase at 340 nm when NAD+ is reduced to NADH in the presence of an excess of leucine dehydrogenase. This principle allows kinetic determination of the enzyme without interference by carboxypeptidases. Amastatin is added to the reaction mixture to prevent nonspecific hydrolysis of the substrate catalyzed by other aminopeptidases. As final reaction concentrations we recommend (per liter): 100 mmol of Tris buffer (pH 8.2), 4.0 mmol of L- leucylglycylglycine , 10 kU of leucine dehydrogenase, 3.8 mmol of NAD+, and 85 mumol of amastatin . The assay is suited to modern enzyme analyzers and has high precision.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural study on nervous system of fetus with GM1-gangliosidosis type 1.

The nervous system of a 22-year-old fetus with GM1-gangliosidosis type 1 was studied by electron microscopy. The tissues thus examined were the cerebral cortex at the parietal region, the cerebellum, the thoracic spinal cord, the Auerbach's myenteric plexus in the large intestine and the radial nerve fibers. In the cerebral cortex, membrane-bound vacuoles, which occasionally contained stacks of fine fibrils, were observed in the large young neurons in the deeper part of the cortical plate. The neurons in the other part of the cerebral cortex carried no storage materials. In the cerebellum, the membrane-bound vacuoles with stacks of fine fibrils were seen only in the Purkinje cells. The neurons in the spinal cord also contained several zebra-like bodies and the above membrane-bound vacuoles. As for the peripheral nervous system (PNS), neurons in the Auerbach's myenteric plexus carried membranous cytoplasmic bodies and zebra-like bodies. Some of the axons in the radial nerve fibers also contained a lot of pleomorphic electron-dense bodies and a few membranous cytoplasmic ones. These results show that the accumulation of storage materials is started in the large neurons which are produced in the early stage of neurogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, the observed membrane-bound vacuoles are considered to be structures which occur before the membranous cytoplasmic bodies and/or the zebra-like bodies. It is also elucidated that the PNS is affected earlier than the cerebral and cerebellar cortices and thoracic spinal cord.

Cerebellum↗