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Biomedical subjects

S Kanda

Publications and source records attributed to S Kanda.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[A double blind clinical trial of cefamandole and cefmetazole in complicated urinary tract infections].

We conducted a randomized double blind comparison of cefamandole (CMD) and cefmetazole (CMZ) in the treatment of 193 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. The patients received 1 gram of CMD or CMZ twice a day intravenously by drip infusion over 1 hour for 5 days. Pretreatment urinary leukocyte counts and urinary bacterial counts were at least 5 cells/hpf and 10(4) bacteria/ml, respectively. Each patient was randomly allocated either to CMD or CMZ group. There were 93 patients in CMD group and 100 patients in CMZ group. Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on the effect of treatment on bacteriuria and pyuria according to the criteria set by the UTI Committee, Japan. The response to CMD treatment was excellent in 18 cases (19.4%), moderate in 38 cases (40.9%) and poor in 37 cases (39.8%) with an overall effectiveness of 60.2%, whereas the response to CMZ was excellent in 19 cases (19.0%), moderate in 40 cases (40.0%) and poor in 41 cases (41.0%) with an overall effectiveness of 59.0%. No statistical significant difference was found between 2 treatment groups. Comparison of the bacteriological response between 2 groups showed that the eradication rate for strains of Gram-positive cocci were significantly higher in those patients treated with CMD. Gram-negative rods were eradicated from 68.4% of cases treated with CMD, and 78.0% of those with CMZ, but the difference was not significant. Adverse reactions were observed in 3 patients receiving CMD 1 case each of diarrhea, eruption and epigastric pain. Abnormality in laboratory tests was found in 6 patients in each treatment group. The results indicate that CMD is effective, safe and useful in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infections, and its efficacy, safety and usefulness are comparable with those of CMZ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Case report of a pancreatic pseudocyst ruptured into the splenic vein causing extrahepatic portal hypertension.

In a 42 year old female, a fistula developed between the splenic vein and the pancreatic duct through the cavity of a pseudocyst in the tail of the pancreas and resulted in an extrahepatic portal hypertension. The fistula was visualized by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic portography, then was successfully resected by surgery. The possible etiology of extended obstruction of both splenic and portal veins in chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Teratogenic activity of pyrimethamine in Göttingen minipig.

Pyrimethamine (PY) was mixed with mashed feed and given to the Göttingen miniature pig (G-mini) during gestional days 11-35. Major malformations such as cleft palate, club-foot and micrognathia were observed in 11 out of 16 newborns from 3 pregnant sows which received 3.6 mg/kg/day. Two sows of a high-dose group (7.2 mg/kg) showed severe anemia and low appetite during the experiment and did not give birth. No malformation was found in 22 newborns of low-dose groups (0.9 and 1.8 mg/kg). Among 130 offspring which died before weaning out of 505 from 47 farrows in a breeding farm, major teratoses such as cleft palate were found in 8 newborns.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1982

Incorporation of spin-labeled ganglioside analogues into cell and liposomal membranes.

Ganglioside analogues (gangliosides) with an electron spin resonance label in a long aliphatic hydrocarbon chain were used to investigate the possible insertion of the sialoglycolipid into the plasma membrane of cells. Three types of ESR signals observed in the labeled glycolipids were distinguished. They characteristically indicate an isotropic tumbling motion of spin label in solution, the micellar state of the glycolipid, and an anisotropic motion in a lipid bilayer. Below CMC, gangliosidoide carrying one aliphatic hydrocarbon chain showed an isotropic tumbling motion. After the gangliosidoide had been incubated with liposomes or blood cells, there was an immediate change to an ESR signal showing an anisotropic motion. The signal was typical of the spin-label in liposomes prepared in the presence of spin-labeled sialoglycolipid. It can be concluded that the gangliosidoide was inserted into the lipid phase of liposomal or cellular membranes from the incubation medium. The overall splitting (2A parallel) of 5SL-gangliosidoides in membranes was larger than those of 5SL-galactosylceramide, 5SL-phosphatidylcholine, and 5SL-stearic acid, though the 2A parallel of 12SL-gangliosidoide was almost the same as those of other lipids having a nitroxide group in the 12-position of an acyl chain. This indicates that the head group movement is restricted in gangliosidoide molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Incorporation of a ganglioside and spin-labeled ganglioside analogue into cell and liposomal membranes.

When an aqueous solution of a spin-labeled "two tail" gangliosidoid was incubated with liposomes or sheep erythrocytes, the broad single resonance line in the ESR spectrum disappeared and a signal showing an anisotropic motion appeared, indicating that the spin-labeled "two tail" gangliosidoid in the micellar state was transferred to the lipid phase of the acceptor membranes. The transfer was temperature- and time-dependent, irrespective of the acceptor membranes, indicating that the rate of transfer is determined by the escape of monomers from the micelles. The kinetics and temperature-dependence of the association of ganglioside II3NeuAc-GgOse4Cer with sheep erythrocytes was very similar to that of the "two tail" gangliosidoid, indicating that parts of ganglioside II3NeuAc-GgOse4Cer could be incorporated into the lipid phase of membranes via a similar mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen subtype adr in an epidemic of papular acrodermatitis of childhood (Gianotti's disease).

Papular acrodermatitis of childhood (PAC) has recently been reported to be associated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtype ayw. Between September, 1978, and June, 1979, we saw 14 patients with PAC in a small epidemic occurring in Iwakuni City, Japan. HBsAg was detected in sera from all patients. Subtyping of HBsAg in 11 patients showed that 8 had a determinant adr and 3 had no detectable determinant because of low antigen titers. The result suggests that factors other than the specific HBsAg subtype contribute to the development of PAC.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1980

Hereditary deficiency of lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit.

A family with a complete deficiency of lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit was investigated. The propositus was an 18-year-old male who complained of exertional pigmenturia and easy fatigue. Marked discrepancy was observed in the ratio between creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (CK/LDH). Electrophoretic analysis of serum LDH isoenzymes of the propositus demonstrated only one activity band of LDH H4. A complete lack of the LDH M-subunit was similarly demonstrated in erythrocytes, leukocytes and in the intermediate vastus muscle. LDH levels in the muscle specimen were markedly decreased in the patient, whereas CK and aspartate aminotransferase were almost the same as in a control subject. LDH isoenzymes of erythrocytes were analyzed in 5 siblings and in the parents. This demonstrated a complete lack of LDH M-subunit in 3 siblings. The ratio between H-subunit and M-subunit (H/M) in erythrocyte LDH suggested a partial absence of the M-subunit in two siblings and in the parents. An abortive increase of blood lactate and a marked increase in blood pyruvate were observed immediately after ischemic work of the forearm, accompanied by an increase in serum creatine kinase and myoglobinuria. The present case represents a newly described form of genetically determined myopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Specific features of smooth muscle cells recorded from the placental region of the myometrium of pregnant rats.

The muscle membrane and contractile properties of placental and non-placental regions of pregnant and postpartum myometria of the rat were investigated.1. The membrane potential of the myometrium varied during the progress of gestation, but the membrane potential in the placental region was consistently higher than that in the non-placental region up to the last stage of gestation. The maximum difference in the membrane potential recorded from both regions was observed at 17-21 days gestation.2. The conduction velocity of the excitation measured from muscle cells of the non-placental region was consistently larger than that of the placental region at any stage of the gestation (7-22 days). At 7 days gestation, the conduction velocity in the placental region could not be measured due to widely scattered values of the latencies for the spike generation. During the progress of gestation, the conduction velocity increased, and the value was consistently larger (about 10 times) in the nonplacental region than that in the placental region at any stage of gestation up to the last stage.3. The length constant of the tissue measured from the non-placental region was larger (2.3 mm) than that in the placental region (1.1 mm) at 14 days gestation. The propagation of the excitation seems to be blocked from the cells of the non-placental region to the placental region, but not vice versa.4. The shape of the spike in the non-placental region changed markedly during the progress of gestation. The spike could be recorded from the cells of the placental region but not consistently. However, the electrical activity of muscle cells recorded at the full term was much the same in both regions.5. Various concentrations of [K](o) or [Na](o) modified the membrane potential. The differences in the membrane response to the above ionic environments appeared more significantly at the different stages of gestation, rather than topical differences.6. Sensitivity of the muscle cell membrane to oxytocin in the placental region was higher than that in the non-placental region at any stage of gestation, while that to prostaglandin F(2alpha) was much the same in the cells recorded from both regions.7. At 8 days gestation, the circular muscle layer is lost from the area of implantation and only the longitudinal muscle layer remains. The width of the placenta and the thickness of the muscle layer increased during the progress of gestation.8. From the above results, the role of smooth muscle cells in the placental region is discussed in relation to hormonal controls in the myometrium, i.e. the activity of the muscle cell membrane in the placental region was markedly suppressed up to the last stage of gestation, however, there was no apparent direct relation between the inhibitory responses and the actions of progesterone.

Animals↗