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Biomedical subjects

S Jain

Publications and source records attributed to S Jain.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins recognized by antibodies in the sera of HIV-1-infected individuals.

Sera from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected study subjects and controls were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using 10 synthetic peptides to identify epitopes of HIV envelope glycoproteins (ENVgp) that were recognized by antibodies. Two epitopes of HIV ENVgp, ENVP466 (amino acids 466-481) and ENVP497 (amino acids 497-509), were recognized by antibodies in the sera of most HIV-infected individuals. The frequency of individuals with detectable serum antibodies to these two epitopes was not associated with the stage of HIV disease. Purified antibodies to ENV497 had only very weak neutralizing activity against infectious HIV. These data suggest that a particular dominant type of antibody response to HIV's ENVgp has minimal protective effects. These and other studies to identify and stimulate immune responses to selected epitopes of HIV antigens may be useful in the design of vaccines to prevent or treat HIV infections.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

An improved method for computerized tomography-planned transperineal 125iodine prostate implants.

Transperineal 125iodine implants of the prostate can be performed with ultrasound guidance, a simple technique that has met with widespread acceptance. However, ultrasound does not allow good visualization of the pubic bones in relation to the pelvic outlet, and the pubic bones may interfere with needle placement in the anterior peripheral aspect of the prostate. Adequate irradiation of the entire periphery of the prostate is important to assure tumor control, since most tumors are multicentric and may involve the anterior aspect of the prostate. A computerized tomography-based treatment planning procedure that allows for angulation of transperineal needles to avoid the pubic bones and still reaches the most peripheral aspects of the gland is described. The technique also allows for the use of transrectal ultrasound and fluoroscopy to verify correct needle placement in the prostate at the procedure. Early treatment results, based on prostate specific antigen and regression of palpable tumors, are encouraging.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1991

Enhancing effect of a choline-deficient diet on alterations of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in hepatitis- and hepatoma-predisposed rats (LEC rats).

Marked alterations of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes were observed in hepatitis- and hepatoma-predisposed rats (LEC rats) fed a choline-deficient diet. The diet enhanced the development of hepatitis with severe jaundice. The levels of two major classes of cytochrome P-450, P-450PB and P-450MC, were markedly decreased. GST-Yp was dramatically increased, whereas GST-Ya, Yb1 and Yb2 were decreased. LEA rats (the control rats to LEC) fed a choline-deficient diet mimicked LEC rats fed a normal diet in terms of the above enzyme alterations, indicating that hypomethylation is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis and hepatoma in LEC rats. Such hypomethylation may initiate the hepatocytes that spontaneously develop hepatitis and hepatoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A prolonged prospective follow-up study of 306 epileptic patients in New Delhi.

A prolonged prospective follow-up study of 306 cases of epilepsy was carried out and patients followed up for at least 3 years. The aim of this study was to know the range of seizure types, the severity of epilepsy, and the results of the treatment in a developing country like India. The results indicate that the reported familial incidence of seizures was low. Two-thirds of cases were adequately treated with a single drug. There was no significant teratogenic effect of the drugs. Majority of patients had seizure recurrence within 3 months of stopping anticonvulsant drugs.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1991

Prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in gastric carcinoma.

A new monoclonal antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), PC10, which can be used on routinely processed tissue, was applied to 93 cases of gastric carcinoma. Significant intra-tumoural variation in staining occurred. In addition to a PCNA index (percentage of positive cells per 1000 tumour cells), a semiquantitative PCNA grading system was devised, based on estimates of less than or more than 50% of positive tumour cells in whole sections. Neither PCNA index nor PCNA grade showed any correlation with established histological variables, tumour stage, or the presence of lymph node metastases. No significant correlation was observed between PCNA index and S + G2M phase fraction measured by flow cytometric analysis. To analyse survival tumours with PCNA indices above and below the median level (41%) were compared. Those with a higher index tended to have a worse prognosis, but when PCNA grade was considered, it was found to have definite independent prognostic value, tumours of low grade surviving better than those of high grade. The ability of semiquantitative PCNA grading to allow for intra-tumoural variation suggests it may have advantages over absolute counting, which is prone to sampling error when tumour heterogeneity is a major factor. The prognostic value of PC10 staining in gastric carcinoma is therefore promising.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of phenytoin sodium in the management of poorly controlled bronchial asthma at a rural health center in Phalodi, Rajasthan, India.

The efficacy of phenytoin (PHT) for the relief of chronic asthma was evaluated in an open trial in 190 intractable rural asthmatics. Our data indicate that phenytoin (100 mg po bid for adults and 50 mg po bid for children) is a useful antiasthmatic agent used either alone, or as adjuvant therapy. Phenytoin significantly reduced the frequency and severity of asthma attacks, coughing, nocturnal awakenings, and work absenteeism, and improved effort tolerance and subjective sense of well being. Phenytoin also reduces corticosteroid requirements of steroid-dependent patients. Not only were these results sustained over the course of 12-month treatment, but more than 60% of phenytoin-treated patients could be discontinued without recurrence of symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Enhancement by restraint stress of natural killer cell activity and splenocyte responsiveness to concanavalin A in Fischer 344 rats.

Stress usually has a depressing effect on immune function. However, we observed apparent immune enhancement following restraint stress. Fischer 344 rats were restrained in snug--fitting wire mesh tubes for 14 hr/day during the light portion of a daily 14:10 hr light/dark cycle for 0, 11, 22, or 33 days. Animals were sacrificed immediately after the last restraint session, and trunk blood and spleens were collected. Blood neutrophil percent was significantly higher after 11 or 22 days of restraint than in controls, as expected, and returned to baseline at 33 days. However, natural killer activity of spleen cells against Yac-1 targets, measured by a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, was higher than controls after all periods of restraint, and especially after 11 days. Responses to concanavalin A by spleen cells from restrained rats were also higher than controls after all periods of restraint.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pyoderma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Extensive CT scan abnormality in Wilson's disease.

A case of Wilson's disease with extensive white matter hypodensity, including in the basal ganglia, on CT scan is presented. Such extensive CT scan abnormality has not been described in Wilson's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacilli to newer aminoglycosides and beta-lactams.

Two hundred and fifty nine i.e. 30.72% of 843 strains of gram negative bacilli were resistant to gentamicin. When tested against newer aminoglycosides, 48.9% were resistant to tobramycin, 4.1% to amikacin and 20.5% to netilmicin. Marked cross-resistance between gentamicin and tobramycin was seen. All these strains were resistant to ampicillin, amoxycillin and co- trimoxazole. However, a high level of antimicrobial activity was seen with third generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin and tobramycin were of significant level. Gentamicin resistance could be transferred directly in 20 of 45 strains of S. typhimurium where conjugation experiments were done.

Aminoglycosides↗