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Biomedical subjects

S Jain

Publications and source records attributed to S Jain.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A comparison of buccal nitroglycerin and sublingual nitroglycerin in the prophylaxis and treatment of exertional (situation-provoked) angina pectoris.

Suscard is a buccally administered formulation which provides rapid introduction of nitroglycerin directly into the systemic circulation and, by virtue of its sustained-release properties, may confer protection against anginal attacks for several hours. Its efficacy has been established in angina pectoris and more recently its usefulness has been extended to include the management of unstable angina and acute heart failure. Buccal nitroglycerin combines the possibilities of short-term treatment and more extended prophylaxis. In a multicentre double-blind study the efficacy of buccal nitroglycerin and sublingual nitroglycerin were compared in patients with proven chronic stable exercise-induced angina as regards anginal attacks and capacity for physical activity. The conclusion is that the two formulations of nitroglycerin have a comparable effect in the treatment of acute attacks of angina pectoris. Buccal nitroglycerin has many advantages when used prophylactically. This is documented by less frequent anginal attacks and a more prolonged duration of effect resulting in an increased physical activity.

Administration, Buccal↗
PubMed1991

Opinion survey of physicians on ethical issues in medical research.

A total of 3622 physicians registered in the Association of Physicians of India were contacted through mail and requested to respond to a semistructured questionnaire pertaining to different aspects of medical ethics, with particular focus on informed consent. Six hundred twenty-nine physicians (17.4%) responded to the questionnaire; 86% of the respondents reported having had no formal training in medical ethics; 49% of the subjects who undertook research obtained oral consent only. Majority of the respondents noted the relevance of ethics in different medical situations, though in certain areas like community health and research using animals ethical issues were felt to be less important. Patients' inability to come for regular follow-up and illiteracy were opined to be the main constraints in obtaining consent. Opinion on the amount of information to be imported to research participants as part of informed consent was at variance with standard guidelines. Physicians who reported having had an orientation course in medical ethics and those with prior research experience were more aware of ethical issues. Majority of the professionals desired for inclusion of ethics in medical curriculum.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Hodgkin's disease and AIDS. Twenty-three new cases and a review of the literature.

Despite numerous reports suggesting an association of Hodgkin's disease (HD) with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), HD in an individual seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) still is not considered a criterion for the diagnosis of AIDS. The authors report 23 new cases of HD in individuals at risk for AIDS and review the literature. As a group, individuals at risk for AIDS who develop HD have a more aggressive form of the illness (82% with stage III or IV), have or develop AIDS-related opportunistic infections (54%), second neoplasms (10%), and /or profound cytopenias (32%), and 85 to 90% are HIV positive when tested. More than two thirds die within 1 year of the diagnosis of HD. The authors conclude that HIV infection alters the clinical course of HD, that advanced or high-grade HD in HIV-infected individuals should be considered indicative of AIDS, and all patients with HD should be tested for HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Enhancement of rat brain cytosolic monoamine oxidase activity by clorgyline. Comparison with (-)-deprenyl and MDL 72145.

The presence of unsedimentable forms of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) in liver and brain homogenates has prompted fresh studies on the effects of inhibitors on this cytosolic monoamine oxidase. Clorglycine is a specific monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and (-)-deprenyl and MDL 72145 are specific monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. We investigated the effects of (-)-deprenyl, MDL 72145 and clorgyline on the purified enzyme from mitochondria and cytosolic monoamine oxidase along with high speed cytosol and 1% Triton X-100 treated mitochondrial preparations. Clorgyline enhanced the activity of the purified enzyme several-fold. (-)-Deprenyl and MDL 72145 also enhanced and inhibited the activity of cytosolic monoamine oxidase in a concentration-dependent manner.

Allylamine↗
PubMed1990

DNA polymerases alpha, delta, and epsilon: three distinct enzymes from HeLa cells.

DNA polymerases alpha, delta, and epsilon have been purified and characterized from the same HeLa cell extract in order to determine their relationship by comparing them from the same cell type. The catalytic properties and the primary structures of the large subunits of the DNA polymerases as compared by partial peptide mapping with N-chlorosuccinimide are different. Likewise, the small subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon appears to be distinct from the large subunit of the same polymerase and from the smaller subunits of DNA polymerase alpha. HeLa DNA polymerase delta is processive only when HeLa proliferating cell nuclear antigen is present, whereas DNA polymerase epsilon is quite processive in its absence. Inhibitor and activator spectra of DNA polymerases alpha, delta, and epsilon also distinguish the three enzymes. These results and immunologic comparisons published elsewhere support the premise that HeLa DNA polymerases alpha, delta, and epsilon are distinct enzymes that have common properties with yeast DNA polymerases I, III, and II, respectively.

Autoantigens↗
PubMed1990

Role of insects as inhalant allergens in bronchial asthma with special reference to the clinical characteristics of patients.

The whole body extracts (WBEs) of 13 common insects from Delhi, namely Musca domestica (house fly); Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil); Callosobrochous maculatus (pulse beetle); Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (mosquitoes); Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana (cockroaches: male, female and nymph); Spodoptera litura and Heliothis armigera (moths), were prepared to evaluate their allergenic significance in patients with allergic bronchial asthma. Intradermal (ID) tests were performed with these WBEs on 75 patients with bronchial asthma and 20 healthy non-allergic volunteers. An ID test was considered positive when the weal diameter was more than twice that of phosphate-buffered saline control and at least 6 mm in size and an erythema of more than 15 mm. In the patients 27.7% of the ID tests performed were total positive (1+ to 4+) as compared to 7.1% in the controls. Ten point two per cent of ID responses were markedly positive in asthmatics (2+ to 4+) as against none in controls. Of the 13 bronchial provocation tests (BPTs) performed on patients giving positive cutaneous responses, eight (61.5%) were positive. Similarly, RASTs were positive in 87.5% of the limited sera tested from the patients with positive ID responses. The patients with a positive family history of allergic disorders gave higher percentages of positive ID responses as compared to the asthmatics with no family history. Similarly, the ID positivity was significantly higher in patients with associated allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis as compared to the patients with bronchial asthma alone. Interestingly, we observed significantly higher ID response to insects in seasonal asthmatics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Pancerebellar syndrome in hyperpyrexia.

Two cases of pancerebellar syndrome following hyperpyrexia are described and the relevant literature reviewed. Cranial computed tomography demonstrated morphologic evidence of cerebellar degeneration while the patients were showing satisfactory clinical progress.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Age-dependent effects of chronic hypoxia on renin-angiotensin and urinary excretions.

The mechanisms regulating water, electrolyte, and blood volume homeostasis continue to mature in early postnatal life, and this maturation may be altered by perturbations of volume or cardiovascular status. To evaluate the long-term effects of chronic hypoxia on water balance, urinary electrolyte excretion, heart weights, systemic arterial pressure, and components of the renin-angiotensin system, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to periods of simulated altitude of 10,000 ft up to 90 days of age beginning at 2 or 30 days of age. Altitude exposure of both neonatal and adult rats was associated with increases in urine output and water intake after 30 days of exposure, and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy at all ages was examined. However, the percent increase in urine output, water intake, and RV hypertrophy was numerically greater in neonates. Neonates also had increases in urinary sodium and potassium excretion after 30 days of exposure. Plasma renin activity and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity were not affected, but plasma renin substrate was reduced in both neonatal and adult altitude-exposed rats. Lung ACE activity was also decreased in altitude-exposed neonates. These data indicate that the degree and, in some cases, the nature of these homeostatic responses varies with age during long-term hypoxia.

Altitude↗
PubMed1990

Eight families with Joseph's disease in India.

We report 8 additional cases of Joseph's disease (JD) from India and conclude (1) the most common pattern is type III, with few cases of types II and II-III; (b) type III JD in India has an earlier onset of symptoms (mean age at onset, 25.6 years) than the Azorean cases; and (3) a "pinched face" is a frequent minor clinical sign.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

What makes an effective manager?--health care and general management perceptions.

This paper explores the perceptions of Australian health service managers (and health service management students) regarding the qualities of effective managers, comparing and contrasting these views with those of Australian general managers (and general management students). The study forms part of a wider international project aimed at exploring the role of national culture in managerial behaviour and effectiveness. Overall, the skills dimension was perceived to be more important in terms of managerial effectiveness, particularly amongst health service managers, compared to the other main dimensions of knowledge and learning, beliefs and values and personality characteristics. Decision-making and planning and evaluation were considered to be the most important amongst the range of skills listed, followed by negotiation and conflict resolution. Health service managers rated pertinent technical knowledge more highly than any other aspect in the knowledge and learning dimension, indicating the importance of specialist education for health service managers. Some implications of these and other findings are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗