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Biomedical subjects

S Jain

Publications and source records attributed to S Jain.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Aluminum alters the compartmentalization of iron in Friend erythroleukemia cells.

Aluminum (Al) accumulation in renal failure patients can result in encephalopathy, osteomalacia, and anemia. Since the cellular mechanisms of Al toxicity are not completely understood we used cultured Friend erythroleukemia cells (FEC) as a model system of Al-induced anemia. In this system Al accumulation leads to decreased cell growth and hemoglobin synthesis despite increased iron (Fe) uptake by transferrin (Tf) endocytosis. In FEC we evaluated the effect of Al on the cellular and subcellular accumulation of Fe, ferritin concentration, the uptake of Fe by ferritin, the exit of cellular Fe, and membrane lipid peroxidation. FEC were grown in media with or without the addition of Al-Tf and studies were done at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after plating. The highest concentration of intracellular Al was found in mitochondria with lesser amounts in the nucleus, and the least was in cytosol. The rate of Fe uptake was higher in Al-loaded FEC without a proportionally increased rate of exit. This resulted in higher concentrations of Fe in Al-loaded FEC. Subcellular fractionation following the uptake of 59Fe, 125I-Tf in Al-loaded FEC showed increased uptake of 59Fe in the nuclear and mitochondrial compartments with no increase in the cytosol. Al-loaded FEC showed decreased ferritin content and decreased uptake of 59Fe by ferritin. Increased membrane lipid peroxidation occurred in Al-loaded FEC at 96 hours as assessed by cellular malonyldialdehyde accumulation. These results indicate that Al disrupts Fe metabolism in FEC by increasing cellular Fe content with increased compartmentalization of Fe in the mitochondria and nuclei, decreased ferritin content, and decreased uptake of Fe by ferritin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum↗
PubMed1994

Temporalis muscle sling revisited: a technique to restore ocular sphincter function.

Five patients with unilateral facial palsy with moderate to severe lagophthalmos (less than 70% eyelid closure) and duration of palsy expected to last more than 2 years were selected for the study. In all patients, a temporalis muscle-fascia sling was used to restore ocular sphincter function. A few modifications in the original technique as described by Gillies have been recommended: namely, harvesting of a narrow strip of temporalis muscle to avoid a bulge in the temporal region, submuscular passage of temporalis fascial strip in the eyelid to avoid eversion of the lid margins, and tenorrhaphy of fascial strips at the medial aspect of the lower eyelid to avoid webbing of the medial canthus. Average duration of follow-up was 3 years. All patients showed excellent eyelid closure. Advantages of the temporalis muscle sling, which is a dynamic procedure using autogenous tissue, are discussed.

Eyelid Diseases↗
PubMed1994

In situ characterization of lymphocytic immunophenotypes and interleukin-2 receptors in cutaneous tuberculosis and leprosy--a comparative evaluation.

The granulomas of lupus vulgaris (LV) were characterized by preponderance of CD4+ lymphocytes and a raised CD4+/CD8+ ratio. In contrast, in scrofuloderma (SF) the CD8+ T-lymphocyte subpopulation predominated and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was significantly decreased. A higher percentage of lymphocytes expressed interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) in LV as compared with SF, indicating an activated cellular immune response in the former. Immunophenotypic changes in tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC) were intermediate between LV and SF. CD4+ lymphocytes were the main infiltrating T-cell type in borderline tuberculoid leprosy (BT), while CD8+ lymphocytes predominated in the granuloma of lepromatous lepromatous (LL). The CD4+/CD8+ ratio and percentage of lymphocytes expressing IL-2R was significantly higher in BT as compared with LL. These immunophenotypic findings suggest that in both cutaneous tuberculosis and leprosy there is a continuous spectrum with regard to cell-mediated immunity depending on the clinical presentation.

CD4-CD8 Ratio↗
PubMed1994

Incidence of photosensitive epilepsy in unselected Indian epileptic population.

The recognition of photosensitivity depends upon the finding of an abnormal EEG response to intermittent photic stimulation (IPS). Photosensitive epilepsy being the most common form of reflex epilepsy, has been studied most extensively and is reported to account for 5-10% of the epileptic population in general. One thousand unselected epileptics hailing from different parts of Northern India were screened for photosensitivity, both clinically and on a standard protocol of IPS-provoked EEG recordings. Six patients (mean age 14.5 +/- 3.56 yr) were found to be photosensitive: 4 had generalized, 1 had complex partial and 1 mixed seizures; 3 had history of seizures provoked by visual stimuli. The baseline EEG in 4 patients showed generalized and 2 partial, with secondary generalized, epileptiform discharges. On IPS, similar EEG findings were obtained with a wide range of stimulus frequency (6-60 cycles/s). There is a low incidence of photosensitivity in our epileptic population, for which we believe, genetic factors are responsible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Gastric acid study in patients operated on for perforated duodenal ulcer.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the acid secretory status of patients operated on for perforated duodenal ulcer, with or without prior history suggestive of acid-peptic disease. METHOD: Basal and peak acid output were measured in 48 patients with perforated duodenal ulcer who were treated by simple closure alone, 10 patients with uncomplicated chronic duodenal ulcer and 30 normal controls. Patients operated on for perforated duodenal ulcer were analyzed according to presence (or absence) and duration of prior history of acid-peptic disease. RESULTS: Peak acid output was similar in controls and patients with perforated duodenal ulcer with no prior symptoms. However, patients with prior symptoms had significantly higher peak acid output, similar to those with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. CONCLUSION: Patients with perforated duodenal ulcer with no antecedent history of acid-peptic disease have normal gastric acid output. These patients may therefore have other etiological factors for their ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Role of selegiline as initial monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease.

Twenty patients of Idiopathic Prakinson's disease in the early phase were enrolled to study the efficacy and safety of selegiline as monotherapy. The mean duration of time before levodopa had to be initiated was 9.75 months. The UPDRS scores for activities of daily living, motor examination, tremor and total score showed significant improvement initially with subsequent worsening. Selegiline was well tolerated and there were no serious side-effects. In conclusion, selegiline may have a short lasting symptomatic effect in IPD and is well tolerated.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Devic's disease.

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Adult↗