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Biomedical subjects

S Jain

Publications and source records attributed to S Jain.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Corneal light scattering after laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy.

PURPOSE: To compare corneal light scattering after laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy in rabbit eyes. METHODS: For laser in situ keratomileusis, a 5-mm, -10-diopter spherorefractive resection was performed on the stromal bed under a corneal flap. Corneal light scattering was objectively measured for 12 weeks, and compared to corneal light scattering after photorefractive keratectomy (5 mm, -10 diopters). RESULTS: Corneal light scattering was significantly lower in the laser in situ keratomileusis group than in the photorefractive keratectomy group at all time points after surgery (P < .01 at weeks 1 through 6, and P = .03 at week 12). CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental study, laser in situ keratomileusis resulted in significantly less corneal light scattering than photorefractive keratectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Postoperative complications of intraocular lens implantation in patients with Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis.

We studied 29 eyes of 24 patients with Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis who had extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Follow-up ranged from one to four years (mean two years). Intraoperative complications included mild hyphema (n = 4). Early postoperative complications included uveitis (n = 9), glaucoma (n = 7), pigment deposits on the lens surface (n = 8), vitreous opacities (n = 8), and cystoid macular edema (n = 1). Late postoperative complications included posterior capsule opacification (n = 6), recurrent uveitis (n = 4), and persistent glaucoma (n = 3). Best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 24 eyes (82.8%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Microsatellite evolution--evidence for directionality and variation in rate between species.

Microsatellite DNA sequences are rapidly becoming the dominant source of nuclear genetic markers for a wide range of applications, from genome mapping to forensic testing to population studies. If misinterpretation is to be avoided, it is vital that we understand fully the way in which microsatellite sequences evolve. We have therefore compared allele length distributions for 42 microsatellites in humans with their homologues in a range of related primates. We find a highly significant trend for the loci to be longer in humans, showing that microsatellites can evolve directionally and at different rates in closely related species.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

Harlequin ichthyosis--a case report.

The Harlequin infant represents the most severe form of nonbullous ichthyosis. Although the clinical features of infants with Harlequin ichthyosis are generally similar, histological, ultrastructural, and biochemical analyses have not shown consistent findings. An unexpected case of Harlequin ichthyosis in a female infant born at 35 wks gestation is presented. Light microscopic and ultrastructural investigations of skin biopsies are detailed. The presence of extracellular lipid material in the stratum corneum has not been described in the previously reported cases of Harlequin ichthyosis.

Fatal Outcome↗
PubMed1995

P300 amplitudes vary inversely with continuum of risk in first degree male relatives of alcoholics.

First degree relatives of alcoholics show significantly reduced P300 amplitudes. This phenomenon is though to be a vulnerability marker of alcoholism. Relatives of alcoholics with higher family loading and early onset alcoholism are at greater risk for developing alcoholism. The high risk population may comprise subtypes differentiated by family history and/or age at onset of alcoholism, with differing risks, measurable in terms of the expression of the vulnerability marker. Four groups of alcohol-naive sons/male siblings of alcoholics (n = 64) were studied. The groups were constructed on the permutation of two defining characteristics: high family loading (two or more first degree alcoholic relatives) and early onset alcohol dependence (before 25 years) in the relatives. Comparison of P300 amplitude in an auditory paradigm showed significant inter-group differences as well as progressive increase/normalization of amplitudes from the high loading-early onset group (HR1) to the low loading-late onset group (HR4), with the latter being indistinguishable from a separate group of (control) normals. There were no significant differences of P300 latency among the groups. We conclude that P300 amplitudes vary inversely with the presumed continuum of risk in those at high risk for developing alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report and glimpses into its nomenclature.

Class I Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is described in a two- and a half-year-old male. The initial expression of the disease was conspicuous by the presence of extensive pustular crusted rash and, later in its course, by purpura, diabetes insipidus, otitis media, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and infiltration into the lungs. The patient expired due to extensive hemorrhage over 24 hours.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

Hepatitis induced by traditional Chinese herbs; possible toxic components.

Traditional Chinese herbal remedies are widely available in the United Kingdom for the treatment of chronic skin disorders. Their benefits are considerable, but their use is completely unregulated. Two patients are described here who suffered an acute hepatitic illness related to taking traditional Chinese herbs. Both recovered fully. The mixtures that they took included two plant components also contained within the mixture taken by a previously reported patient who suffered fatal hepatic necrosis. These cases high-light the need for greater awareness of both the therapeutic and toxic potential of herbal remedies, as well as greater control of their use.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial of topical clotrimazole versus miconazole for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia.

The parenteral treatment currently available for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is painful and potentially exposes patients to serious side effects. Thus, effective, topical therapy would be valuable. We assessed the efficacy of topical 1% clotrimazole and 2% miconazole creams in relation to early healing of lesions in CL in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in 54 patients with 151 lesions treated for 30 consecutive days. Response to treatment was assessed at two weeks and 30 days and classified as fully healed, size reduced, no change, and size increased or worse. Of 89 lesions treated with clotrimazole, 14 (15.7%) healed fully, 42 (47.2%) were reduced in size, 20 (22.5%) showed no change, and 13 (14.6%) got worse. Correspondingly, in the 62 lesions treated with miconazole, none healed fully, 22 (35.5%) were reduced in size, 16 (25.8%) showed no change, and 24 (38.7%) got worse. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). No side effects were observed. It is concluded that clotrimazole was the more effective of the two imidazoline compounds and is recommended as initial treatment for simple lesions.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1995

Spontaneous haemoperitoneum caused by ruptured varices in a patient with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a patient with a spontaneous, massive and fatal intraperitoneal haemorrhage from porto-systemic collaterals, caused by portal hypertension. We also review the cases of 18 cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bleeding of intraperitoneal varices and no previous abdominal surgery reported in the literature. PATIENT: A 21-year-old man with nodular regenerative hyperplasia, who had not undergone any previous surgery and who had large oesophageal varices diagnosed 3 years previously. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first case of spontaneous intra-abdominal bleeding from collateral vessels in a non-cirrhotic patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Potent transactivation domains of the Ah receptor and the Ah receptor nuclear translocator map to their carboxyl termini.

The Ah receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is structurally related to its dimerization partner, the Ah receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), and two Drosophila proteins, SIM and PER. All four proteins contain a region of homology now referred to as a PAS homology domain. In addition, the AHR, ARNT, and SIM harbor a basic region helix-loop-helix motif in their N termini, whereas PER does not. Previous mapping studies of the AHR have demonstrated that the PAS domain contains sequences required for ligand recognition, dimerization, and interaction with the 90-kDa heat shock protein. They also have confirmed that the basic region helix-loop-helix domain plays a role in both dimerization and sequence-specific DNA binding. To identify domains involved in transactivation of target genes, we generated chimeras of AHR/ARNT deletion mutants with the DNA binding region of the yeast Gal4 protein, transiently expressed these in COS-1 cells, and monitored their capacity to activate the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene under the control of a minimal promoter driven by enhancer elements recognized by Gal4. Extensive analysis of these fusions revealed that the AHR and ARNT harbor potent transactivation domains within their C termini. Importantly, the amino-terminal halves of both the AHR and ARNT were found to be devoid of transactivation activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Baculovirus expression of the Ah receptor and Ah receptor nuclear translocater. Evidence for additional dioxin responsive element-binding species and factors required for signaling.

In an effort to facilitate the structural and biochemical analyses of the Ah receptor (AHR) and the Ah receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), a baculovirus system was developed to express microgram-milligram quantities of the human version of these proteins. To simplify purification, a polyhistidine tag was cloned at their C termini so that the recombinant proteins could be specifically adsorbed to nickel-nitriloacetic acid-Sepharose. Expression studies revealed that approximately 23% of the overexpressed AHR was recovered in cell extracts with the remaining 77% forming insoluble aggregates. ARNT was found to be more soluble, with 90% recovery from cell extracts and only 10% aggregation. Photoaffinity labeling and gel shift assays demonstrated that the recombinant proteins bound ligand, heterodimerized, and recognized their cognate "dioxin response element" (DRE) in a manner similar to their native counterparts. Coexpression of the AHR and ARNT in Sf9 cells resulted in the in vivo generation of heterodimers that bound the DRE in the absence of ligand. Studies with the nickel-nitriloacetic acid-purified recombinant proteins demonstrated that the AHR and ARNT could bind DRE only when reconstituted with a heat-sensitive factor(s) present in soluble extracts from a variety of cell types. Use of these proteins also demonstrated the existence of at least three AHR-dependent DRE-binding species, suggesting that the AHR can bind to DRE in at least three distinct conformations.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1994

Amphibian allantoinase. Molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression.

The chain of enzymes necessary to convert uric acid to its metabolic products urea and glyoxylic acid in vertebrates is truncated through the successive loss of allantoicase, allantoinase, and urate oxidase during phylogenetic evolution. Previous studies have assigned the localization of both urate oxidase and allantinase to the peroxisome in the amphibian liver. This study reports the cloning of a cDNA encoding bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) allantoinase, an enzyme that converts allantoin to allantoic acid. The cDNA is 2112 base pairs in length containing a 1449-base pair open reading frame which corresponds to a 483-residue protein (53,296 Da). Structural analysis of the deduced protein suggested two potential transmembrane segments and the presence of a putative mitochondrial localization sequence in the amino terminus. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that allantoinase is localized to mitochondria and not to peroxisomes. On Northern blotting, a single mRNA species was detected in the liver and kidney of frog but not in other tissues; this distribution was confirmed by immunoblotting. The hepatic- and renal-specific expression of allantoinase coincides with the distribution of urate oxidase in these tissues in the frog. The allantoinase expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells exhibits catalytic activity and is antigenically identical to the native frog enzyme.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1994

Transient thiol-expression and thiol disulphide cluster-receptor communications: a molecular basis for blastocyst-uterine interactions during implantation.

The attachment of trophoblast to uterine epithelium during implantation is an intricate and complex instance of cell-cell communication, the molecular aspects of which remain rather undefined. In this study, we screened the surface domains of the pre-, peri- and post implantation mouse embryos with a thiol-specific probe. Transient thiol-expression in peri-implantation embryos suggested their involvement in implantation either through disulphide bridge establishment or through a communication between a thiol-disulphide cluster of the blastocyst and a corresponding receptor of the endometrium.

Animals↗