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Biomedical subjects

S Inagaki

Publications and source records attributed to S Inagaki.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the lower brainstem of the human fetus: an immunohistochemical study.

The regional distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive (SPI) structures in the lower brainstem of the human fetus was investigated using the indirect immunofluorescence technique. SPI cells were found in a number of areas including the inferior colliculus, central gray matter of the midbrain, n. laterodorsalis tegmenti, midbrain and medullary reticular formation, n. vestibularis inferior, and n. prepositus hypoglossi. An extensive network of SPI fibers of varying densities were identified throughout the lower brainstem.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of the neurotensin-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis. I. Forebrain and diencephalon.

The ontogeny of the neurotensin (NT) neuron system in the forebrain and diencephalon of the rat was investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescence. NT-positive structures first appear in the primordium of the olfactory bulb, anterior amygdaloid area, piriform cortex, amygdaloid complex, nucleus tractus diagonalis, lateral preoptic area, and lateral hypothalamus, etc., of the fetus of gestational day 16. From this day, NT-positive structures appear gradually in various areas of the forebrain and diencephalon and reach their maximum content on postnatal day 7. In contrast, NT-positive structures decrease slightly in number as the rat grows. However, even in adult rats, numerous NT-positive structures are still identifiable in various areas of the forebrain and diencephalon.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of the peptidergic system in the rat spinal cord: immunohistochemical analysis.

The ontogeny of neuropeptides, such as somatostatin (SRIF), substance P (SP), leucine-enkephalin (LE), and neurotensin (NT) in the spinal cord (including the spinal ganglion) of the rat, was examined by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method. SRIF and SP appear in the early fetal period before the establishment of the spinal synaptic transmission system, and their appearance precedes that of LE and NT, thus suggesting that SRIF and SP might have some important role in the development of the spinal cord. Furthermore, a number of SRIF-positive structures are found during the fetal period in the spinal cord; however, SRIF-positive fibers in the ventral horn, lamina V, VI, and X tend to decrease remarkably in number after birth, while those found in the dorsal horn maintain their immunoreactivity even in the adult rats. These facts suggest that SRIF in the latter area might function as a neurotransmitter, whereas in the former areas, SRIF might have another role in the development of the spinal cord. SP-positive structures also made their appearance during the fetal period. SP-positive fibers continue to increase in number after birth, and they can be seen throughout the entire spinal cord even in the adult rats. It becomes difficult to identify SP-positive neurons as the rats grow. Numerous SP-positive cells are demonstrated, however, by colchicine pretreatment, thus suggesting that this system is functioning actively in the adult rats. LE- and NT-positive structures appear at perinatal stages and they continue to increase in number after birth. These facts suggest that these peptides (SP, LE and NT) might act as neurotransmitters.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Two types of substance P-containing cells and their uneven distribution in the chicken retina: an immunohistochemical analysis with flat-mounts.

Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPI) was investigated in the chicken retina by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method with flat-mounts. SPI cells were located mostly in the peripheral retinal regions, while in the central region, none or only a few cells were seen. Based upon their 3-dimensional profiles, SPI cells can be divided into two types: one type belongs to the stratified amacrine cells of the first sublayer and the other to those of the third to fifth sublayer.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Evidence for the existence of an enkephalin-containing pathway from the area just ventrolateral to the anterior hypothalamic nucleus to the lateral septal area of the rat.

The afferent source of enkephalin-like immunoreactive (ELI) fibers in the lateral septal area of the rat was elucidated experimentally by means of an indirect immunofluorescence technique. These ELI fibers had almost completely disappeared on the operated side after the destruction of the area just ventrolateral to the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, where a number of ELI cells was detected. This fact strongly suggests that these ELI cells project ipsilaterally to the lateral septal area.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of the leucine-enkephalin neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis. I. Lower brainstem.

Ontogeny of the leucine-enkephalin (L-Enk) neuron system in the lower brainstem of the rat was investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescence. L-Enk-containing cells first appear in the primordium of the medullary reticular formation just medial to the n. tractus spinalis nerve trigemini at the level of the the rostral half of the inferior olivary nucleus, in the n. cuneiformis, and in the mesencephalic reticular formation of the fetus at gestational day 16 (14-15-mm embryos). From that time onward, L-Enk-containing cells appear in various areas of the lower brainstem one after another until birth. After birth, although L-Enk-containing cells decrease slightly in number as the rats grow, L-Enk-containing fibers continue to increase in number.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of somatostatin-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis. II. Forebrain and diencephalon.

The ontogeny of the somatostatin (SRIF) neuron system in the forebrain and diencephalon the rat was investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method. SRIF-positive cells first appear in the primordium of the hypothalamus surrounding the fasciculus mammillothalamicus of the fetus at gestational day 14 (10-12-mm embryo). At gestational days 16-17 (14-17-mm embryo, SRIF-positive cells appear in the developing piriform cortex and entopeduncular nucleus. The fetus at gestational days 18-19 (17-26-mm embryos) showed a remarkable increase in the number of SRIF-positive cells and numerous groups of such cells are detectable in various forebrain and diencephalic areas such as the hypothalamic periventricular zone, zona incerta, area lateral to the commissura posterior (ACP), area between the optic tract and capsula interna, pars retrolenticularis (AOR), n. caudatus putamen, hippocampus, somatic sensory cortex, and n. accumbens, etc. At gestational day 20, SRIF-positive cells newly appear in the septum, olfactory bulb, diagonal band of Broca, claustrum, lateral preoptic area, and lateral habenular nucleus. The majority of SRIF-positive structures found in the forebrain and diencephalon increase in number during the perinatal stage (between gestational day 21 and postnatal day 2) and more or less maintain their immunoreactivity even in adult rats. However, SRIF-positive cells located in the AOR, ACP, and lateral septal area, etc., begin to decrease in number during the perinatal stage and no or only a few SRIF-containing cells are identified in these areas of infant and adult rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of somatostatin-containing neuron system of the rat cerebellum including its fiber connections: an experimental and immunohistochemical analysis.

Ontogeny of somatostatin (SRIF) neuron system of the rat cerebellum was investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescent method. In addition, several operations were performed to provide the evidence of understanding the cerebellar SRIF innervation. SRIF-positive structures appeared in the primordium of the cerebellum of the fetus at gestational day 16 (14-15 mm embryos). From that time on, SRIF-positive structures identified in the cerebellum increased in number and the greatest number of SRIF-positive structures were detected in the cerebellum of the rat between newborn and 7-day-olds. Afterwards, these structures decreased remarkably in number and only a few if any SRIF-positive structures were observed in the cerebellum of the adult rats. These facts might suggest that SRIF might perform some important roles in the development of the cerebellum. The present study further elucidated that cerebellar SRIF was supplied by at least two types of sources; one was situated within the cerebellum and the other in the extracerebellar regions. The former one innervates mainly the vermis and partly the hemisphere, while the latter one projects mainly to the hemisphere and partly to the vermis.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Pathways and terminal fields of the cochlearofugal somatostatin tracts of very young rats.

The cochlearofugal somatostatin (SRIF) neuron system of very young rats (between newborn and 1 week old) was investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons. Cochlear nuclei (both dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei) of this stage contain numerous SRIF-positive cells which are scarcely found in adult rats. Based upon the experimental findings obtained by this study, the majority of SRIF-positive fibers originating from these nuclei reach the contralateral inferior colliculus via well-established cochlearo-inferior collicular tracts such as dorsal acoustic striae, intermediate acoustic striae and trapezoid body, respectively. The possible significance of SRIF in the development of the auditory system is briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Experimental and immunohistochemical studies on the cerebellar substance P of the rat: localization, postnatal ontogeny and ways of entry to the cerebellum.

With the indirect immunofluorescence technique, the localization (including the postnatal ontogeny) of substance P in the cerebellum, and the ways of entry of substance P-containing fibers into the cerebellum were explored. In the newborn rat cerebellum, dense fiber bands of axons with substance P-like immunoreactivity which can be traced to the lower brain stem are found. These fibers are also traceable to the developing granular cell layer. Two weeks after birth, however, substance P-containing structures seen in the cerebellum begin to decrease progressively and in the cerebellum of the adult rats, only a small amount of substance P-containing structures is observed. The present study established that substance P-containing fibers are mostly derived from extracerebellar substance P-containing cells and demonstrated the presence of three sites of entry of these substance P-containing fibers to the cerebellum, via (1) the inferior cerebellar peduncle, (2) the fasciculus uncinatus and (3) the middle cerebellar peduncle, respectively. Following deafferentation of the cerebellum, substance P-accumulating fibers are observed only ventral to the lesion (i.e. on the brain stem side), while in the cerebellum a remarkable decrease of substance P-containing fibers is seen and no substance P-accumulating fibers are found dorsal to the lesion (cerebellar side).

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of substance P-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis--I. Forebrain and upper brain stem.

The ontogeny of substance P-containing neuron system in the forebrain and upper brain stem of the rat was investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Substance P-positive structures first appeared in the primordium of the epithalamus and the area which surrounded the commissura posterior of the rat fetus corresponding to gestational day 14 (10-12 mm embryos). On and after gestational day 14, substance P-positive structures gradually made their appearance in various areas of the forebrain and upper brain stem. Substance P-positive structures thus continued to increase in number and in density during the fetus and perinatal stage and showed histochemically maximum content at the stage between postnatal days 5 and 15. After then, substance P-positive neurons tended to decrease in number as the rats grew, while substance P-positive fibers maintained in general their strong immunoreactivity even in the adult rats. The present study demonstrates that substance P-positive structures appear at a very early ontogenetical stage. This suggests that substance P might play an important role in the development of the forebrain and upper brain stem in addition to its neurotransmitter or neuromodulator functions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of substance P-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis--II. Lower brain stem.

Ontogeny of the substance P neuron system in the lower brain stem of the rat was investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Substance P-positive structures (cells and fibers) first appeared in the primordium of the ventral part of the nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini (nVs), in the reticular formation between nucleus reticularis lateralis and nVs, and in the reticular formation between nVs and nucleus originis nervi facialis, respectively, at gestational day 14. After that time, substance P-positive structures made their appearance gradually in various areas of the lower brain stem. The present study demonstrates that substance P-positive structures appear at a very early ontogenetical stage, which suggests that substance P may play a role in the development of the lower brain stem in addition to its role as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Localization of LH-RH immunoreactivity in the avian retina.

The present study demonstrated numerous LH-RH--positive structures in the paddy-bird (padda orizivora) retina. LH-RH-positive cells were seen in the ganglion cell layer (GL), inner plexiform layer (IPL) and inner nuclear layer (INL). Judging from the morphological features, the former two types of cells may belong to the displaced amacrine cells and the latter to the amacrine cells. LH-RH-positive fibers were found in the nerve fiber layer, GL, IPL, INL and outer plexiform layer.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Regional distribution of somatostatin-containing neuron system in the lower brain stem of the neonatal rat.

With the indirect immunofluorescence technique, overall distribution of somatostatin (SRIF) neuron system in the lower brain stem of the neonatal rats were examined. The present study demonstrated numerous SRIF-positive structures in various lower brain stem areas which are hardly seen in the adult lower brain stem. A possible role of SRIF in the lower brain stem was briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Phylogenetical development of somatostatin-containing cells in the retina from teleosts to mammals: immunohistochemical analysis.

The distribution of somatostatin (SRIF) in the retina of various vertebrates (from teleosts to mammals) was investigated by means of indirect immunohistochemical technique. The present study revealed that there exists marked differences in topography of SRIF-containing cell systems between higher vertebrates (birds and rats) and lower vertebrates (amphibian and teleosts). The retinas of the higher vertebrates contain abundant SRIF-positive structures, while those of the lower vertebrates contain a few. Phylogenetical development of retinal SRIF-system was briefly discussed in this study.

Animals↗