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S Inagaki

Publications and source records attributed to S Inagaki.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Distribution of substance P and enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra of rat, cat and monkey.

A comparative study of the distribution of substance P (SP) and enkephalin (ENK) immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra (SN) of the rat, cat and squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) was undertaken by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. In the rat a dense neuronal network composed of fine fibers displaying SP immunoreactivity is uniformely distributed throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and in the ventral part of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Some coarse SP-positive fibers also occur in SNc. In addition, ENK-immunoreactive fibers are scattered amongst SNc neurons but abound particularly in the caudolateral part of SNr. In cat innumerable fine SP-positive fibers are distributed in SNr according to a pattern similar to that found in rat. ENK-immunoreactive fine fibers are densely packed in the ventromedial part of SNr whereas coarse ENK fibers are scattered in both SNc and SNr but abound particularly in the caudolateral portion of SNr. In monkey fine SP and ENK-immunoreactive fibers occur in very large number in SNr. These two types of fibers are distributed according to a similar but strikingly complex and heterogeneous pattern. In addition, coarse fibers displaying either SP or ENK immunoreactivity are scattered amongst the SNc neurons in monkey. These findings reveal that SP immunoreactive fibers are present in large number and are distributed according to a somewhat similar pattern in rat, cat and monkey. In contrast, the number of ENK-positive fibers and the complexity of their organizational feature in SN increase strikingly from rodent to primate.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immunohistochemical evidence for the coexistence of histidine decarboxylase-like and glutamate decarboxylase-like immunoreactivities in nerve cells of the magnocellular nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus of rats.

Immunohistochemical staining of alternate consecutive sections revealed numerous histidine decarboxylase (L-histidine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.22)-like immunoreactive neurons that also contained glutamate decarboxylase (L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.15)-like immunoreactive structures in the tuberal magnocellular nucleus, the caudal magnocellular nucleus, and the postmammillary caudal magnocellular nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus of rats. Furthermore, in immunohistochemical double-staining procedures, almost all neurons in the magnocellular nuclei had both histidine decarboxylase-like and glutamate decarboxylase-like immunoreactivities. These results suggest the coexistence of histamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in single neurons in these nuclei.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Overall distribution of substance P nerves in the rat cornea and their three-dimensional profiles.

The overall distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive (SPI) fibers, examined by using whole-mounts of the rat cornea, was investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescence. SPI fibers entered the cornea from two levels; one from the middle layer of the sclera and the other from the episclera. From the sclera, a thick SPI fiber trunk, extending to the central part, subdivided into smaller SPI fiber bundles and approached the epithelium. The SPI fiber bundles from the episclera were smaller than those from the sclera. However, both fiber bundles formed a dense fiber network in the uppermost part of the stroma. This fiber plexus dissociated into SPI fibers extending to the superficial part of the epithelium where they formed an abundant arborization of fine SPI fibers. The results suggest that these fibers originate from SPI neurons in the trigeminal ganglion.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Distribution, origin, and fine structures of cholecystokinin-8-like immunoreactive terminals in the nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami of the rat.

The distribution, origin, and fine structures of cholecystokinin-8-like immunoreactive ( CCKI ) fibers in the nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami (vm) of the rat were examined using immunohistochemistry. CCKI fibers were moderately concentrated in the ventrolateral part of the vm, decreasing in number dorsomedially. However, no CCKI cells were seen in the vm even in colchicine-treated rats. In addition, the destruction of the lateral part of the nucleus parabrachialis dorsalis (pbd) where numerous CCKI cells were seen resulted in a marked decrease in CCKI fibers in the vm on the operated side. Electron microscopic observations revealed that CCKI terminals make synaptic contact with soma, spine, and the proximal segment of the dendrite. The neurons making synaptic contact with the CCKI fibers had moderately electron-lucent cytoplasm. These findings suggest that the CCKI fibers in the vm originate from CCKI cells in the lateral part of the pbd and directly influence the vm neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Distribution and origins of neurotensin-containing fibers in the nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami of the rat: an experimental immunohistochemical study.

The distribution and origins of neurotensin (NT)-containing fibers in the nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami (VM) of the rat were investigated experimentally using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. A dense plexus of NT-like immunoreactive (NTI) fibers which was composed of very fine varicosities was identified in the VM. Although they were distributed throughout its entire rostrocaudal extent, the distribution was uneven. The highest density was identified in the dorsomedial part of the VM. In the central part, a less numerous but still moderate number of NTI fibers was detected in its dorsal part. But in a ventrolateral direction, they decreased in number and in the ventrolateral part only a few NTI fibers were seen. The present study demonstrated experimentally that these fibers originate from the medial nucleus of the amygdaloid complex (AM), since destruction of the AM resulted in a marked reduction of NTI fibers ipsilaterally in the VM. These findings suggest that the AM influences the VM's functions via neurotensin-like immunoreactive fibers.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1983

Ontogeny of cholecystokinin-8-containing neuron system of the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis. I. Forebrain and upper brainstem.

Ontogeny of the cholecystokinin-8 (CCK) neuron system in the forebrain and upper brainstem of the rat was investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescence. CCK cells and fibers first appeared in the developing ventral tegmental area and in the primordium of the medial forebrain bundle, respectively, at gestational day 15 (12-14-mm embryos). From that time, CCK cells appeared in various areas of the forebrain and upper brainstem until birth and reached the maximum content at postnatal day 10. After postnatal day 10, although CCK cells tended to decrease slightly in number, colchicine treatment in the adult rats brought out numerous CCK cells in the same areas. In contrast, although CCK fibers developed only slightly during the fetal period, marked development was seen after birth, particularly between postnatal days 5 and 10. After that time, as the rats grew, CCK fibers continued to increase in number and formed a meshwork of varying density in various areas of the forebrain and upper brainstem.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Overall distribution of substance P-containing nerves in the wall of the cerebral arteries of the guinea pig and its origins.

The overall distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPI) in the wall of the cerebral arteries and their origins were investigated in the guinea pig by using whole-mounts. Two types of SPI fibers were seen: one forming dense fiber bands and located among the periadventitial nerves, and the other forming a meshwork. The SPI fibers located in the periadventitial nerves often leave these nerves to form a meshwork of SPI fibers of varying density according to the diameter or location of the blood vessels. The present study suggests that: (1) SPI fibers located on the circle of Willis and its branches originate from SPI cells in the trigeminal ganglion; (2) SPI fibers of the rostral one-third of the basilar artery originate partly from trigeminal SPI cells; and (3) SPI fibers in the caudal two-thirds of the basilar artery originate exclusively from other SPI cells, apart from the trigeminal ganglion.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The distribution of cholecystokinin octapeptide-like structures in the lower brain stem of the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis.

The distribution of immunoreactive cholecystokininoctapeptide (CCK-8)-like structures in the lower brain stem of the rat was investigated using indirect immunofluorescence. In addition to the well known immunoreactive CCK-8-like containing cell groups such as those in the ventral tegmental area, substantia grisea centralis of the mesencephalon, and n. linealis rostralis, the present study demonstrated a much wider distribution of immunoreactive CCK-8-like cells in the lower brain stem, i.e. those in the inferior colliculus, n. parabrachialis colliculi posterioris, lateral lemniscus, lateral parabrachial area, n. centralis superior, nucleus of group O, pontine substantia grisea centralis, n. tractus solitarii, area postrema, n. tractus spinalis nervi trigemini and reticular formation just dorsal to the inferior olivary complex. We also demonstrated an extensive network of immunoreactive CCK-8-like fibers in various areas of the lower brain stem, including the auditory system, visual system, viscerosensory area, parabrachial nucleus, dorsal and ventral tegmental nuclei, and interpeduncular nucleus. The possible importance of CCK is briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Ontogeny of neurotensin-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis--II. Lower brain stem.

The ontogeny of the neurotensin neuron system in the lower brain stem of the rat was investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescent method. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity-containing cells first appear in the primordium of the n. tractus solitarii, n. tractus spinalis nervi trigemini, reticular formation just medial to the latter nucleus, n. reticularis parvocellularis, n. laterodorsalis tegmenti, and midbrain reticular formation of the fetus at gestational day 17. At gestional day 18, neurotensin-immunoreactive cells newly appear in the n. raphe dorsalis. Between gestational day 19 and postnatal day 7, the animals show a remarkable increase in number of immunoreactive cells and fibers in various lower brain stem areas except for n. tractus spinalis nervi trigemini and n. tractus solitarii. Moreover, during this stage, neurotensin-immunoreactive cells located in the n. prepositus hypoglossi and n. vestibularis lateralis appear for the first time at birth and postnatal day 5, respectively. Since postnatal day 7, although the majority of immunoreactive cells located in the lower brain stem decrease in number as the rats grow, immunoreactive cells in the n. tractus spinalis nervi trigemini, on the contrary, increase in number from after birth until postnatal day 10, and maintain more or less their immunoreactivity even in the adult rat. In addition, neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract increase in number during the fetal period, reach the maximum content at postnatal day 7-10, and maintain their immunoreactivity even in the adult rats. Thus, the present study demonstrated that neurotensin-like immunoreactive structures appear at a very early ontogenetical stage, suggesting that neurotensin plays an important role in the development of the lower brain stem of the rat. In addition, the present study further showed that neurotensin-immuno-reactivity shows various fluctuations during the ontogeny, suggesting multiple functions of neurotensin in the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Evidence for the existence of a neurotensin-containing pathway from the endopiriform nucleus and the adjacent prepiriform cortex to the anterior olfactory nucleus and nucleus of diagonal band (Broca) of the rat.

The origin of neurotensin-like immunoreactive fibers to the anterior olfactory nucleus and nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca of the rat were elucidated experimentally using the indirect immunofluorescence method. Neurotensin-like immunoreactive fibers located in these areas decreased remarkably in numbers on the operated side after the destruction of the ventral part of the endopiriform nucleus and the adjacent prepiriform cortex where numerous cells with neurotensin-like immunoreactivity were detected. This strongly suggests that such cells located in the endopiriform nucleus and the adjacent prepiriform cortex send a neurotensin-like projection ipsilaterally to the anterior olfactory nucleus and to the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Precise terminal fields of the descending somatostatinergic neuron system from the amygdaloid complex of the rat.

The descending somatostatin (SOM) tract from the amygdaloid complex to the lower brain stem and upper cervical cord in the rat was investigated experimentally by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. The present study demonstrates that SOM neurons in the amygdaloid complex send their axons ipsilaterally to various lower brain stem areas and to the upper cervical cord, because destruction of the amygdaloid complex resulted in various degrees of ipsilateral reduction of SOM fibers: a marked decrease in n. reticularis pontis oralis et caudalis, n. reticularis parvocellularis, n. reticularis gigantocellularis, n. reticularis medulae oblongatae pars dorsalis et ventralis and hypoglossal nucleus; a less marked decrease in the midbrain reticular formation, central gray matter of the mesencephalon, facial nucleus and lamina VII of REXED of the upper cervical cord from C1 to C2; and a small decrease in n. reticularis paramedianus and n. reticularis lateralis. These findings were supported by other experiments performed in this study.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1983

Leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the chicken retina with a special reference to its fine structures.

Leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (LEI) in the chicken retina was investigated using light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. A flat-mount technique for light microscopy clearly demonstrated that LEI cells were distributed widely throughout the entire retina, without any differences between the central and peripheral retinal regions. Frozen sections for light microscopy confirmed the previous findings in pigeons that LEI is localized in amacrine cells. The present electron microscopic observations confirmed the findings of light microscopy and revealed that LEI terminals make synaptic contract mainly with vesicle-containing processes that seemed to belong to the amacrine cells. The present study further suggests that LEI terminals are both pre- and postsynaptic elements onto vesicle-containing processes mentioned above.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Multiple innervation by substance P-containing fibers in the parabrachial area of the rat.

The present study demonstrates that a large number of substance P (SP) fibers in the parabrachial area (PB) of the rat originate from at least three sources. The majority of SP fibers in the lateral surface of the lateral parabrachial area (PBLI) and medical parabrachial area originate from SP neurons located caudal to the PB. Some of the SP fibers in the PBLI originate from SP neurons located rostral to the PB. SP fibers in the ventral part of the lateral parabrachial area originate from SP cells from the pons at the level of the PB.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Origins of substance P-containing fibers in the lateral septal area of young rats: immunohistochemical analysis of experimental manipulations.

The majority of substance P-like immunoreactive (SPLI) fibers in the lateral septal area (LS) are supplied by SPLI cells in the area (BAL) between the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus, and by those in the nucleus latero-dorsalis tegmenti (TLD). These conclusions are based on following: (1) Unilateral destruction of the BAL resulted in an ipsilateral decrease in the septal SPLI fibers similar to that seen after the destruction of the TLD, and (2) simultaneous destruction of the BAL and TLD caused a marked reduction of SPLI fibers in the LS on the operated side. The possibility that the destruction of the BAL affected the ascending SPLI system from the TLD seems to be excluded, because (1) the destruction of the TLD resulted in a decrease in SPLI fibers in the ipsilateral medial forebrain bundle (MFB), but failed to reduce the number of SPLI fibers in the BAL, and (2) the destruction of the BAL caused a decrease in SPLI fibers in the perifornical area rostral to the lesion, but failed to reduce the number of SPLI fibers in the MFB. These facts further suggest that ascending SPLI fibers from the BAL travel in the perifornical area and those from the TLD pass through the MFB. It should be noted that a few SPLI fibers remained intact following the simultaneous destruction of the BAL and TLD. The present study suggests that these remaining SPLI fibers might be innervated by intrinsic SPLI cells. In support of this, several SPLI cells were detected in the septal area after colchicine pretreatment.

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