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S Inagaki

Publications and source records attributed to S Inagaki.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Localization of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the anterior eye segment of squirrels: an immunohistochemical analysis.

Localization of substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity in the anterior eye segment of the squirrel was examined immunohistochemically. The present study demonstrates a dense network of SP-positive fibers in the ciliary body, particularly in the muscle layers, and several SP-positive fibers in the iris, in addition to scattered SP-positive fibers in the cornea. These facts strongly suggest that SP has an important role in the physiologic functions of the anterior eye segment.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Overall distribution of glucagon-like immunoreactivity in the chicken retina: an immunohistochemical study with flat-mounts.

Pancreatic glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) in the chicken retina was investigated by immunohistochemical methods with frozen sections and flat-mounts. Observations of the frozen sections showed that GLI is localized in the amacrine cells. Flat-mounts showed the GLI cells are evenly localized in the retina (n= or approximately 400/mm2) and composed to two types of cells--one is larger and the other is small. The former cell type occupies mainly the peripheral retinal region and the latter the central region. In addition, flat-mounts showed two types of GLI fiber plexuses in the inner plexiform layer; one is located in the area between laminae 2 and 3 and runs circularly and the other is located in lamina 1 and runs randomly. The relationship between GLI and cyclic AMP was also examined. an increase of the formation of cyclic AMP was caused by pancreatic glucagon in the chicken retina, suggesting that this peptide might have neurotransmitter or neuromodulator roles in the chicken retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Ontogeny of somatostatin-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical observations. I. Lower brainstem.

The ontogeny of the somatostatin (SRIF) neuron system in the lower brainstem of the rat was analyzed using the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons. SRIF-positive structures first appeared in the primordium of the ventral nucleus of the lemniscus lateralis of the rat fetus corresponding to gestational day 15 (12-14-mm embryos). On and after gestational day 15, these structures appeared in progressively more diverse areas of the lower brainstem and continued to show an increase in number and intensity up till birth. The maximum SRIF-positive structures were histochemically identified in the lower brainstem at the perinatal stage. However, after birth, the numbers of SRIF-positive structures in the lower brainstem began to decrease as the rat grew and none or only a few SRIF-positive structures were detected in the adult rats. This ontogenetical study of the SRIF neuron system on the lower brainstem of the rat strongly suggests that SRIF might play an important role in the development of the lower brainstem other than in its neurotransmitter or neuromodulator function.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Morphological study of noradrenaline innervation in the caudal raphe nuclei with special reference to fine structure.

Previous histofluorescence studies have demonstrated that the caudal raphe nuclei (CRa) of the rat, particularly the ventral portion (VCRa), contains a very high density of noradrenaline (NA) terminals and in the present study we attempted to elucidate the origins and free structure of the NA terminals in this region. The majority of NA terminals found in the VCRa originated from A1 and A3 NA neurons and disclosed that a small number of very strongly fluorescent fibers located along the blood vessels arise from the superior cervical ganglion (SGC). Electron microscopic analysis after potassium permanganate fixation demonstrated that the NA terminals originated from A1 and A3 NA neurons are connected with neuronal elements, while NA fibers from the SGC were identified among the vascular elements. Axodendritic contacts were found to be predominant among the synapselike contacts of NA terminals in this area.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Distribution of somatostatin in the frog brain, Rana catesbiana, in relation to location of catecholamine-containing neuron system.

The distribution of somatostatin (SRIF)-immunoreactive structures in the central nervous system of the bull frog (both with and without treatment of colchicine) was studied, using the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons and co-workers (Coons, '58). SRIF-containing cells were observed in more than ten areas including the spinal cord. These SRIF-positive cells showed segmental distribution, in that SRIF-positive neurons were identified in various areas at various brain levels. An extensive network of SRIF-positive fibers was found in most parts of the central nervous system. The distribution of a catecholamine (CA)-containing neuron system in the frog brain is also presented in this study. The possible interactions between SRIF and CA neurons systems are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Topographic atlas of somatostatin-containing neurons system in the avian brain in relation to catecholamine-containing neurons system. I. Telencephalon and diencephalon.

The morphological organization of the somatostatin (SRIF)-positive neurons in the forebrain (telencephalon and diencephalon) of the warbling grass parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) was studied using the indirect immunohistochemical technique of Coons and co-workers ('58). In the telencephalon, a number of SRIF-positive neurons was detected in the lobus paraolfactorius, hippocampus, and paleostriatum. Furthermore, scattered SRIF-labeled cells were noticed in the area corticoidea dorsolateralis and area temporoparieto-occipitalis. A moderate density of immunoreactive fibers was found in the above areas. In addition, although the septal areas was devoid of SRIF-positive neurons, this area contained a moderate occurred in the following hypothalamic areas: (1) nucleus medialis hypothalami posterior, (2) lateral hypothalamus, and (3) mammillary nucleus. The bird hypothalamus also received a strikingly massive SRIF innervation. The heaviest concentration of SRIF-labeled fibers was detected in the medial eminence. Many SRIF-labeled fibers were also observed in other hypothalamic regions. Their locations roughly corresponded in many cases to the areas in which SRIF-positive neurons were disclosed. The overall distribution of the catecholamine system (CA) of the avian forebrain is also represented by means of histofluorescent technique. A possible interaction between SRIF and CA neurons systems is briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Topographic atlas of somatostatin-containing neuron system in the avian brain in relation to catecholamine-containing neuron system. II. Mesencephalon, rhombencephalon, and spinal cord.

With the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coon's and collaborators, overall distribution of the somatostatin (SRIF)-positive neurons system in the avian lower brain stem was explored. Numerous cell somata containing SRIF were identified in the interpeduncular nucleus and substantia grisea centralis (GCT) at the level of the nucleus nervi trochlearis. Furthermore, a moderate number of SRIF-positive neurons were seen in the tectum opticum, nucleus tractus solitarii, and spinal cord. Scattered labeled cells were noticed in the rhombencephalon. A dense network of SRIF-positive fibers was distributed widely in the lower brain stem of birds. Their locations corresponded in many cases to the areas where SRIF-positive neurons were found. The present study also presents the distribution of the catecholamine (CA) neuron system in the avian lower brain stem. Possible interactions between SRIF and CA neurons systems are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Comparative anatomy of the distribution of catecholamines within the inferior olivary complex from teleosts to primates.

The distribution of catecholamine (CA) in the inferior olivary complex (IO) of various vertebrate (from fish to monkey) was investigated by means of the histofluorescence technique. In addition, using rats, a further attempt was made to elucidate the origins of CA in the IO. The IO of the lower vertebrates (from fish to birds) was in general poorly innervated by the CA neuron system. IO in the lower mammals, such as insectivora and bats, contained only a few CA nerve terminals, while that in the higher mammals such as rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, and monkey revealed quite a number. In these animals, species-species patterns of CA nerve terminals were found. In the rat, the highest concentration was observed in the dorsal lamella of the principal nucleus and in guinea pig ventral lamella. In the rabbit and cat, maximum CA nerve terminals were detected in the dorsal accessory nucleus, while in the monkey, they were detected in the medial accessory nucleus. The retrograde tracer technique of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) suggested that the main source of the abundant CA terminals in IO of the rat might be A1, A2, and A3 noradrenaline neurons, though not locus coeruleus and not dopaminergic ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Experimental immunohistochemical studies on the amygdalofugal peptidergic (substance P and somatostatin) fibers in the stria terminalis of the rat.

The amygdalofugal substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SRIF) neuron systems in the stria terminalis (ST) were investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons. SP- and SRIF-positive cells were mainly located in the area (Amc) between the central (ac) and medial (am) amygdaloid nuclei. Some extended medially into the am and laterally into the ac. Destruction of the Amc resulted in a marked reduction of SP- and SRIF-positive fibers in the ST. Furthermore, a substantial decrease in SP-positive fibers was seen in the dorsal part of the bed nucleus of the ST (stb), there was a small decrease in the SP-positive fibers in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), a significant decrease in the SRIF-positive fibers in the lateroventral part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (lvAH), and a small decrease in the SRIF-positive fibers in the LH. These facts indicate that the origins of a number of SP- and SRIF-positive fibers are the Amc and that the amygdalofugal SP pathway in the ST innervates stb and LH and the amygdalofugal SRIF pathway in the ST projects to lvAH and LH.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1981

Regional distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the frog brain and spinal cord: immunohistochemical analysis.

With the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons, the overall distribution of the substance P (SP)-positive neuron system in the frog brain and spinal cord was explored. SP-positive cells were observed in more than ten areas, such as olfactory bulb, amygdaloid complex, septal area, bed nucleus of hippocampal commissure, hypothalamic periventricular zone, dorsal and ventral thalamus, infundibulum, torus semicircularis, optic tectum, the area dorsal to the interpeduncular nucleus, central gray matter of the mesorhombencephalon, and raphe region, etc. A dense network of SP-positive fibers was also widely distributed in the frog brain and spinal cord. SP-positive fibers were roughly divided into two types. One consisted of very fine SP-positive fibers and gave the region a diffuse appearance. The area medial to n. Bellonci, interpeduncular nucleus, n. isthmi, and optic tectum contained this type of SP-positive fibers. The other one consisted of clearly distinguishable varicose fibers. A number of SP-positive fibers located in the amygdaloid complex, striatal complex, hypothalamus, central gray matter of the mesorhombencephalon, trigeminal spinal nucleus, and posterior horn of the spinal cord belonged to this category. The functional role of the SP-positive neuron system in the central nervous system is also briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

New somatostatin-containing sites in the diencephalon of the neonatal rat.

Using an immunohistochemical technique, the present study demonstrated several new somatostatin-containing sites in the diencephalon of neonatal rats which have not been reported in adult animals. These areas are the area just lateral to the commissura posterior, the area between the optic tract and capsula interna, pars retrolenticularis and n. peripeduncularis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagal lobes of the carp.

A large number of somatostatin (SRIF)-containing structures was demonstrated in the vagal and glossopharyngeal lobes of the carp by means of the indirect immunofluorescent method. The present study further showed that the facial lobe is devoid of these structures. These facts indicate that SRIF may have an important role in relaying viscerosensory information from the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerve but not from the facial nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Demonstration of a substance P-like immunoreactivity in retinal cells of the rat.

The distribution of substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity in the rat retina was investigated by immunohistochemistry. SP-positive cells were found throughout the retina. The majority of them were located in the proximal portion of the inner nuclear layer and the processes from these cells directed to the inner plexiform layer where they ramified, suggesting that SP-positive cells located in this region probably are amacrine cells. Few SP-positive cells were seen within the ganglion cell layer. They were considered displaced amacrine cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Somatostatin in the auditory system of the rat.

The present study clearly disclosed that the auditory system of the neonatal rat contains a large number of somatostatin (SRIF)-positive structures. Among them, n. cochlearis dorsalis and ventralis, n. ventralis lemnisci lateralis and n. parabrachialis colliculi inferioris contain huge collections of SRIF-positive neurons. Furthermore, the rat auditory system in general contains a number of SRIF-positive fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

On the afferent projections from some meso-diencephalic nuclei to n. raphe magnus of the rat.

Afferent sources from meso-diencephalon to n. raphe magnus (RM) were examined by the HRP method. Following HRP injection into RM, HRP-labeled cell clusters occurred in: (1) n.linealis rostralis; (2) ventrocaudal part of n.parafascicularis; (3) zona incerta; and (4) midbrain reticular formation. As a rule, the axons from (1) and (4) mainly terminate within RM, while those from (2) and (3) seem to project to the inferior olive (IO) as well as RM. The functional significance of these nuclei is briefly discussed.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1981

Ascending and cerebellar non-serotonergic projections from the nucleus raphe magnus of the rat.

Non-serotonergic ascending and cerebellar projections of rat nucleus raphe magnus (RM) were disclosed using the horseradish peroxidase technique. The ascending bundle rose form rostral RM and was divided into two components; one ascended in raphe regions and the other in reticular formation. The former on innervated n. raphe dorsalis, etc., and the latter n. parafascicularis, zona incerta, etc. On the other hand, the axons innervating neocerebellum originated exclusively from caudal RM.

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1981

Localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and neurotensin immunoreactivities in the avian retina.

The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and neurotensin (NT)-like immunoreactivities in the chicken retina was investigated by immunohistochemistry. VIP- and NT-positive cells were found throughout the chicken retina. The majority of them were located in the proximal portion of the inner nuclear layer and the processes from these cells directed to the inner plexiform layer where they ramified, suggesting that VIP- and NT-positive cells located in this region probably are amacrine cells.

Animals↗