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Biomedical subjects

S Honjo

Publications and source records attributed to S Honjo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Simian T cell leukemia virus type-1-specific killer T cells in naturally infected African green monkey carriers.

Studies were made on the cellular immunity of 13 African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) naturally infected with Simian T cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1), closely related to human T cell leukemia virus type 1. They were classified into 3 groups: 1) progressed carrier, 2) carrier, and 3) normal control. This grouping was made according to their hematologic features, i.e., number of peripheral white blood cells, existence of blastoid cells, presence of STLV-1 Ag on PBL and anti-STLV-1 antibody titers. None of the STLV-1 carriers showed any clinical signs, but STLV-1-specific killer T cells was detected in these PBL without in vitro stimulation. In vitro studies on Ag stimulation showed that the STLV-1-specific killer T cells had been fully activated in vivo, and that no augmentation of in vitro stimulation with STLV-1 Ag was necessary, and that primary in vitro stimulation of normal control PBL was not sufficient to induce specific killer T cells. In addition NK cell activity in PBL of infected monkeys were significantly higher than those in the uninfected.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Visual function of cynomolgus monkeys with macula degeneration and peripheral retinal degeneration].

Using the simplified method for judging visual function of the cynomolgus monkey that was established by the present authors (Suzuki et al., 1988), forty-four cynomolgus monkeys with normal ophthalmoscopic findings, eleven monkeys with macula degeneration and thirteen monkeys with peripheral retinal degeneration were examined for their visual function. It was demonstrated that the monkeys with macula degeneration were inferior in their visual function to the monkeys with normal fundus. In addition, the degree of visual function varied with the degree of macula degeneration. The monkeys with peripheral retinal degeneration showed about the same degree in their visual function as the monkeys with normal fundus.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Pulsatile LH secretion and hypothalamic-pituitary function in amenorrheic women].

In order to evaluate hypothalamic-pituitary function and pulsatile LH secretion in 42 amenorrheic women, blood was collected every 20 min. for 6 hrs. The mean LH pulse frequency (LH-pf) of women with a normal cycle, PCO and hyperprolactinemia was 3.4 +/- 0.5, 5.2 +/- 0.8, and 1.6 +/- 1.0/6 hrs, respectively. Hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) with no progesterone withdrawal bleeding showed a lower frequency of LH secretion. As LH-pf in HA with progesterone withdrawal bleeding (HAI) ranged from 0 to 5/6 hrs, the HAI group was divided into 2 groups according to whether their LH-pf was less than 3.4/6 hrs (HAIa) or more (HAIb). Pituitary response to 100 micrograms of LH-RH in HAIb was much lower than in HAIa and PCO. On the other hand, in HA with LH-pf less than 3.4, LH-pf showed a significant correlation with basal LH and FSH levels and the LH increase to 100 micrograms of LH-RH, while in HA with LH-pf greater than or equal to 3.4, LH-pf had no significant correlation with them. In PCO, a high LH pulse frequency and amplitude and LH response to 100 micrograms of LH-RH were shown, but the LH increase to 100 micrograms of LH-RH was significantly reduced with the increase in LH-pf. Pituitary response to 100 micrograms of LH-RH in women with hyperprolactinemia was maintained despite low LH-pf. These results suggest that the analysis of pulsatile LH secretion is very helpful in evaluating hypothalamic-pituitary function in amenorrheic women.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1990

Establishment of a B-lymphoblastoid cell line infected with Epstein-Barr-related virus from a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

A B-lymphoblastoid cell line (Ts-B) was established from lymph nodes of an apparently healthy cynomolgus monkey. The cells were demonstrated to contain Epstein-Barr virus-related antigens. Moreover, herpesvirus particles were found in the cells by electron microscopy. The cell-free culture medium transformed lymphocytes of cynomolgus rhesus monkeys, and of Japanese monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Experimental infection of African green monkeys and cynomolgus monkeys with a SIVAGM strain isolated from a healthy African green monkey.

An infection occurred in all African green monkeys and cynomolgus monkeys experimentally inoculated with SIVAGM [TYO-1], as demonstrated by the appearance of an antibody to SIVAGM [TYO-1] and the isolation of the virus. No monkey exhibited overt clinical disorders throughout the experimental period of 42 weeks. Thus, SIVAGM was not pathogenic to its original host or to macaques. This system is proposed as a model for HIV infection manifesting no overt disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Histiocytic hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow in children with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Two children with systemic E. coli and candidial infections developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Bone marrow examination in both cases showed histiocytic hemophagocytosis, consistent with the diagnosis of the hemophagocytic syndrome. Histiocytic hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow, one of the markers of the activated mononuclear phagocyte system, might be common in patients with severe sepsis and DIC, especially in immunodeficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in childhood and adolescence.

We investigated 61 patients (38 boys and 23 girls) under 18 years of age with obsessive-compulsive symptoms seen in the Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital, from 1982 until 1986. In this period, a total of 1293 patients under 18 years of age visited the clinic. The percentage of patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms was 5%. The earliest onset of symptoms was at age 3 years, and the average age of onset was 11.6 years. We found no particular tendency in terms of the number of siblings and the birth order of the patients. Obsessive traits were the fundamental personality traits of patients. Moreover, according to the other characteristics of personality, the patients were subdivided into schizothymic, viscous temperament, and cyclothymic. Parents of the patients were more apt than usual to have obsessive-compulsive personalities. Psychiatric disturbances and occupations were also investigated. Incidents related to school situations commonly triggered obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The most frequently noted obsessive thought was dirt phobia, and the most common compulsive behavior was washing. School refusal and violence at home were especially common as associated symptoms of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. We also describe the treatment regimen and the outcomes of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of aging on the in vivo release of thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine, and thyroxine induced by TSH-releasing hormone in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

We demonstrated the usefulness of the human TSH immunoradiometric assay for the measurement of cynomolgus monkey serum samples, and investigated the age-related changes in serum levels of TSH, T3, and T4, in laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys. In the females, age-related decrease in the serum TSH concentration was not observed, but decreases in serum T3 (2.1-1.4 ng/ml) and T4 (59-48 ng/ml) were observed. However, the serum T4 level of the oldest group (19 yr old) significantly increased as compared with the 11-yr-old group (56 ng/ml). In the males, age-related decreases in the serum TSH, T3, and T4 were observed. Furthermore, significant increases in serum TSH concentrations after injection of TRH were detected. The oldest group (16 yr old) showed the highest response among the five different age groups tested. However, the highest responses of T3 and T4 release from the thyroid gland after TRH injection were obtained by the 10-yr-old group. The results suggest that the sensitivity of the thyroid gland to TSH and/or the productive or releasing capacities of T3 and T4 in the thyroid gland decreased with increasing age in this primate species.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

[Food- and water- intake, urinary and fecal output, and urinalysis in the wild-originated cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) under the indoor individually-caged conditions].

Daily food- and water- intake, and urinary and fecal output were determined with 253 wild-originated cynomolgus monkeys kept in individual cages. In addition, urinalysis was done for freshly collected urine. A statistically significant correlation was observed between total water intake and urinary output as well as between urinary output and urinary specific gravity (p less than 0.01).

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1989

Counter-rolling after regional destruction of the saccule by laser spot irradiation in the guinea pig.

Destruction of the anterior one-third of the right saccule in the guinea pig resulted in a marked eye deviation simultaneously towards the ear and downward on the operated side and a marked upward eye deviation on the non-operated side in the standard head position. During head inclination towards the operated side, both eyes showed a disturbed ocular counter-rolling (OCR). The disturbance of OCR was more severe in the eye on the operated side than in the eye on the non-operated side. Brief interpretation about eye position in the standard head position in the regional destructive group showed that the eye ball on the operated side showed a marked deviation simultaneously upward and towards the ear, while the eye ball on the non-operated side showed an upward deviation on the 1st and 3rd days after the operation. OCR after regional destruction was seen as follows: During head inclination towards the operated side, both eyes showed disturbed OCR. The disturbance of OCR was more severe in the eye on the operated side. Most animals in our experiment showed this disturbed OCR which was compensated and normalized by the third postoperative week; relatively shorter (faster) than the total destruction. These results suggest that when the head is inclined around its longer axis, the saccule on the side of head inclination plays a principal role in the otolith-ocular reflex.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1989

Genetic analysis and infection of SIVAGM and SIVMND.

Recently, the authors determined the partial sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from the mandrill (SIVMND) and found SIVMND to be a new member of the HIV/SIV group, equidistant from other members, including SIVAGM. Experimentally, the African green monkey and cynomolgus monkey could be infected with SIVAGM and the cottontop tamarin with SIVMND. However, no clinical sign of an AIDS-like disease was observed in these monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the serum osteocalcin level in the postmenopausal and castrated women].

Osteocalcin (OC), the major noncollagenous bone protein, is a vitamin K-dependent protein which is synthesized in osteoblasts. Serum OC is increased in patients with certain metabolic bone diseases, but little is known about the effects of menopause, castration, and the estrogen-replacement therapy on serum OC. In this study, we attempted to determine the serum OC level before and after menopause and castration, and the effects of estrogen on serum OC were also studied. Mean serum OC in women who underwent menopause or castration within 5 years was 4.56 +/- 1.74 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) and the concentration was significantly higher than that of premenopausal women. Serum OC was then, transiently reduced but increased again when estrogen deprived conditions lasted for more than 10 years. Estrogen replacement therapy (conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg/day for 6 months) could decrease not only serum Ca. P and ALP but also the serum OC from 4.45 +/- 1.40 to 2.97 +/- 1.43 ng/ml (p less than 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the percent changes in serum OC and ALP before and after estrogen administration (r = 0.60, p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Reevaluation of microdensitometry method in diagnosing osteoporosis].

In order to confirm whether Inoue's microdensitometry (MD) method can assess the severity of spinal or femoral osteoporosis, the evaluation of osteoporosis in 116 patients was carried out by four methods: The MD method using X-ray picture of the hand along with an aluminium step-wedge, Itami index using X-ray picture of lumbar vertebrae, Singh index using X-ray picture of femur, and QDR method assessing BMC. The total MD score correlated significantly with the Itami index (rs = 0.691, p less than 0.001), but did not correlate significantly with the Singh index. In the group of no osteoporosis judged by the Itami index, the total MD score showed a 6.4% false positive rate. In the group of osteoporosis judged by the Itami index, the total MD score showed a 15.8% false negative rate. In order to establish a more reliable index, we developed a new H.I index (MCI X GSmin X 100). With this H.I index, the false positive rate was 1.3%, and false negative rate was 0%, and then it correlated significantly with the BMD of the lumbar vertebrae (r = 0.759, p less than 0.001). It is concluded that the MD method reflects totally osteoporotic bone loss of vertebrae but the total MD score is not so reliable, and the H.I index is a more exact indicator of osteoporosis than the total MD score.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1989

Vestibular neuronitis. Pathogenesis in the view of virological study of CSF.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 15 patients with vestibular neuronitis were virologically examined and analyzed, and compared to those from 16 patients with Hunt's syndrome. The results were as follows: The CSF protein in vestibular neuronitis showed an increase, beginning about two weeks after the onset of vertigo, while the cell count remained normal. The CSF protein in Hunt's syndrome rose, but its progress was different from that in vestibular neuronitis. In both diseases, the increase in CSF protein seemed to be due to protein originating in the blood; the increase was probably caused by a disorder of the blood-CSF barrier. There was no direct evidence of an increase in IgG nor viral antibody titers in the CSF in vestibular neuronitis. In cases of Hunt's syndrome with CSF pleocytosis, intrathecal IgG synthesis was detected. It might be possible that HSV or EBV infection can be confirmed serologically in some cases of vestibular neuronitis and that, in those cases, pathogenesis of vestibular neuronitis is similar to that of Hunt's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Killer cell systems of cynomolgus monkeys experimentally infected with HTLV-1.

The cell-mediated killer activity in cynomolgus monkeys, which were infected 2.5 yr previously with HTLV-1, was examined. With HTLV-1-infected autologous lymphoid cells as targets, HTLV-1-specific killer cells were not detected among PBL cells of infected monkeys, but in monkeys in which specific memory cells were found. These memory cells were converted to active specific killer cells by stimulation with mytomycin C (MMC)-treated HTLV-1 infected autologous cells in vitro. Target blocking by anti-HTLV-1-related Ag suggested that the target molecules recognized by the specific killer cells may be virus envelope glycoprotein gp 68 and other cellular Ag induced by HTLV-1 infection. In addition to the specific killer cells, NK cells that could kill not only NK-sensitive target cells but also target lymphoid cells with HTLV-1 Ag on their surface, were found in these monkeys. In vitro stimulation caused enhancement of NK cell activity as well as induction of antigen specific killer cells. These findings suggest that Ag-specific killer cells may work together with NK cells to eliminate HTLV-1-bearing T cells in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Isolation of simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys and seroepidemiologic survey of the virus in various non-human primates.

Sixteen isolates of simian retrovirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were obtained from healthy African green monkeys (AGM) (Cercopithecus aethiops). The first isolate was obtained from a monkey seropositive for HIV, and the others were isolated from monkeys harboring antibodies to the first isolate. These simian retroviruses were referred to as simian immunodeficiency virus from AGM, SIV[AGM], due to their cross-reactivities with HIV structural proteins. These SIV[AGM] isolates were found by Western blotting analysis to have virus-specific proteins of 120, 66, 55, 32-40, 24 and 17 kDa, which were all similar in size to the analogous proteins of HIV. Putative gag proteins of p55, p24 and p17 were recognized by sera of human AIDS patients, but the corresponding env proteins of 32-40 and 120 kDa showed only weak cross-reactivity with those of HIV. The transmembrane glycoproteins of these 3 SIV[AGM] isolates showed size heterogeneity, being 32, 35 and 40 kDa. This virus had particles that were morphologically similar to those of HIV, and had Mg2+-dependent reverse transcriptase. Furthermore, the SIV[AGM] showed tropism and cytopathic effects on CD4-positive human cell lines. In a sero-epidemiological survey of SIV[AGM] in various non-human primates, 2 other African monkey species, the mandrill and de Brazza's monkey, were also found to have antibodies to SIV[AGM]. These HIV-related simian retroviruses will be important in determining the origin and transmission of HIV group viruses, and may provide useful animal models for studies on the infection and pathogenesis of HIV and AIDS.

Animals↗