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Biomedical subjects

S Honjo

Publications and source records attributed to S Honjo.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Family violence in Japan--a compilation of data from the Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital.

In the United States and in most other countries, "family violence" refers to all forms of violence that occur in the family. But in Japan, this term is used to indicate only the violent behavior which a child exhibits toward other family members such as his parents. This form of violence is said to be increasing in Japan, and has recently attracted public attention. But it seems to us that there is no country that pays as much attention to this kind of violent behavior as Japan. We studied the problem of this type of family violence using the data of patients at the psychiatric clinic of Nagoya University Hospital.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The simian-type M and the human-type ABO blood groups in the African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops): their inheritance, distribution and significance for the management of a breeding colony.

We have established a new simian-type blood group system (M blood groups) in the African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), using a haemagglutinating antibody which was developed by alloimmunization. The M blood groups consisted of two phenotypes, type-M and type-m. We have also determined the mode of inheritance as well as the distribution of both simian-type M and human-type ABO blood groups, employing 113 families including 160 animals. The family analysis revealed that (1) the simian-type M blood groups were governed by the two alleles, dominant M and recessive m, and (2) the human-type ABO blood groups were governed by 3 alleles, codominant A and B and silent O, although no monkey of phenotype-O was found in our breeding colony. Differences in the phenotypic distribution and gene frequency of respective M and ABO blood groups were observed among 3 populations imported at different times. The genetic management of the African green monkey breeding colony was discussed in relation to the difference in distribution of phenotypes of M and ABO blood groups between the parental (wild-originated) and the first filial (colony-born) populations.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1988

[Discriminant analyses for pregnancy-related changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)].

Hematological and serum biochemical data obtained from 45 non-pregnant and 142 pregnant cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were analyzed by discriminant analyses. All animals used had been reared under uniform environmental conditions at Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science, N. I. H., Japan. The examination items were as follows: red blood cell count(RBC), hematocrit value(Ht), hemoglobin concentration(Hb), mean corpuscular volume(MCV), white blood cell count(WBC), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TCHO), free cholesterol (FCHO), triglyceride (TG), and albumin-globulin ratio (A/G). The pregnant animals were divided into four groups according to their gestation ages (Group I: 1-40 days; II: 41-80 days; III: 81-120 days; and IV: more than 121 days). During pregnancy period (Groups II, III and IV), significant decrease of TP, ALB, TCHO, FCHO and TG was observed. RBC, Ht and Hb decreased in the last of the four periods of pregnancy (Group IV). Discrimination was possible between each of these four pregnant groups and the non-pregnant group on the basis of the Mahalanobis' generalized distance. To clarify the relationship among groups, canonical discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis with reduction of dimensionality) was carried out. As a result, the non-pregnant group and the pregnant I group could be clearly discriminated from the other pregnant groups (II, III, and IV) by the first canonical variate. Judging from the relative eigenvector value of each variable for the first canonical variate, the effective discriminant variables were RBC, Ht, Hb, MCV, TP and A/G.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

An outbreak of salmonellosis in newly imported cynomolgus monkeys.

Serious salmonellosis occurred in groups of cynomolgus monkeys newly imported into Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science from the Philippines in 1985. During the quarantine period, Salmonella typhimurium (29 strains) and S. stanley (1 strain) were isolated from 30 of 130 imported monkeys. Twenty-eight of the 30 infected monkeys excreted mainly watery diarrhea, and occasionally bloody mucous stool. Seven of the 28 clinical cases infected with S. typhimurium resulted in death or in moribund state. In both the small and large intestines of autopsied monkeys, acute inflammatory changes were observed.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1988

The serodiagnosis of Campylobacter infection in infant cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) 2 to 18 weeks old by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

We established the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies to Campylobacter and applied it in defining the period of the primary infection of Campylobacter in infant cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The antibody to Campylobacter spp. could be detected with only 0.25 mul of serum by using commercially available antigens and anti-cynomolgus monkey IgG antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The inhibition experiments using extracts of C. jejuni, C. fetus and Yersinia enterocolitica demonstrated that the established ELISA system could detect species-specific anti-C. jejuni and anti-C. fetus antibodies. The levels of antibodies to both C. jejuni and C. fetus were high in 2 weeks old infant cynomolgus monkeys, rapidly decreasing until 6 to 14 weeks of age. This result indicates that the antibodies detected in 2 week old infants were IgG antibodies of maternal origin transferred through placenta. The C. jejuni was isolated from infants when the level of maternal antibody became the lowest. Infant cynomolgus monkeys obviously developed IgG antibodies to C. jejuni within 4 weeks after infection. On the other hand, no antibody response to C. jejuni was found in two infants from which it could not be isolated throughout the observation period. As regards C. fetus infection, infants showed a poor antibody response although it was more frequently isolated than C. jejuni. In conclusion, the ELISA system established in the present study is useful for the serological diagnosis of C. jejuni infection during infancy in the cynomolgus monkey.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Age-related changes of immunoglobulin levels in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops).

Serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels were measured in domestically bred African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) ranging in age from 0 day to 49 months as well as in adult (5 years or older) animals of wild origin. Transplacental transfer of IgG was observed. IgG, IgA, and IgM levels increased with increasing age except for a temporal decrease of IgG level in the first month of life.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Protection of cynomolgus monkeys against infection by human T-cell leukemia virus type-I by immunization with viral env gene products produced in Escherichia coli.

Protection against human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) infection in cynomolgus monkeys, achieved by immunizing the animals with env gene products of HTLV-I produced in Escherichia coli, was evaluated. Four monkeys that had been immunized with the env product produced antibody against HTLV-I gp68 and gp46, and their sera were found to cause strong inhibition of syncytium formation of a cat fibroblast cell line induced by HTLV-I. Immunized and non-immunized monkeys were challenged with live MT-2 cells, a high HTLV-I-producer cell line. After challenge, all the control non-immunized monkeys were infected with HTLV-I, as judged by the frequent detection of HTLV-I-antigens in cultures of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whereas no antigens were recovered from PBMC of immunized monkeys. These results indicate that humoral immunity against HTLV-I-envelope protein elicited by immunization with the polypeptides synthesized in bacteria protected the monkeys against primary infection with HTLV-I.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Development of adult T-cell leukemia-like disease in African green monkey associated with clonal integration of simian T-cell leukemia virus type I.

Proviral integration of a simian retrovirus highly homologous to human T-cell leukemia virus type I was examined in cellular DNAs extracted from primary peripheral blood lymphocytes of 31 adult African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) that were seropositive for simian T-cell leukemia virus type I (STLV-I). Among these monkeys, one case with overt leukemia, showing pleomorphic leukemia cells similar to those in human adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), and five cases in a preleukemic state of ATL-like disease were found. Judging from the integration site of the provirus genome, primary lymphocytes of these leukemic or preleukemic cases contained monoclonally proliferated STLV-I-infected cells, whereas lymphocytes of other seropositive monkeys without hematological abnormalities were polyclonal, and those of seronegative monkeys did not contain the provirus. The restriction patterns with PstI ans SstI of most STLV-I proviruses were identical to those of the previous isolate from this species, but in three monkeys there was a deletion of one PstI site. From the correlation of the development of simian ATL-like disease with the monoclonal integration of the STLV-I provirus genome, it should be indicated that STLV-I has similar leukemogenicity to human T-cell leukemia virus type I, and so STLV-I infection in African green monkeys will be useful as an animal model of human ATL.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of the two-year milk-feeding on the gastrointestinal microflora of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

The effect of the two-year milk-feeding on the gastrointestinal (GI) microflora of a cynomolgus monkey was determined. Bifidobacterium spp. in the animal fed with cow's milk alone were distributed in higher number in the stomach, duodenum, cecum, and rectum. The increasingly higher numbers of Lactobacillus spp. and Candida spp. were counted in all regions of the GI tract of the animal fed with the formula diet. Bacteroidaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcus spp. were detected from the upper to lower intestines in the monkey given only milk, whereas in the monkey given the formula, those bacterial species were localized in only the lower intestines.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Early pregnancy diagnosis by the ultrasonographical device and observation of fatal growth in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)].

Usefulness of the ultrasonographical device (USD) for early diagnosis of pregnancy and for observation of fetal growth was examined in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Firstly, 50 females, each of which was mated for 24 hours in an individual cage, were used. They were diagnosed for pregnancy by the use of USD 15 to 29 days and 35 days after mating. Then, 20 of them were judged to be pregnant. The early pregnancy diagnosis was based on the detection of gestational sac (GS) in the uterus. The GS was detected 20.0 +/- 1.8 days after mating. The duration from the day on which GS was first detected to the day on which the heart beat of embryo (HBE) was detected averaged 5.6 +/- 1.5 days. In 17 of these 20 pregnancies, GS was detected 17 to 23 days after mating. As regards the remaining three pregnant cases, GS and HBE were simultaneously detected on the 28th day of pregnancy in two cases, and on the 35th day in one case. Secondly, 225 females who were mated by the routine 3 day-mating system were used. Pregnancy diagnosis by USD was conducted on the 21st, 28th and 35th day after mating. Ninety-six of the 225 females were judged to be pregnant. In 33 (34.1%) of the 96 pregnant cases, GS was detected on the 21st day of pregnancy. In 57 females (59.4%), GS was detected on the 35th day. Furthermore, it was able to judge conditions of fetal growth by measuring the size of GS and biparietal diameter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Management of cynomolgus monkey infants after separation from their mothers].

To establish an efficient rearing system for weaned cynomolgus infants, 51 groups composed of 4 weanlings each were formed. Of them each of thirty-eight groups had an adult female "nurse" monkey, who had no kinship with any of the 4 weanlings. The nurse was present during the first 4 weeks after weaning. The daily incidence of watery diarrhea was analyzed to assess the usefulness of the nurse monkey for stabilizing physiological conditions of the weanlings. Diarrheal incidence was significantly lower in the 38 groups with a nurse than in the 13 control groups without a nurse throughout the 4-week period of observation. This trend continued for more than 5 weeks after removal of the nurse. Thus, the time and manpower necessary for treating infant diarrhea were greatly reduced in this rearing system.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of antigenicity of serum immunoglobulin G among human, cynomolgus monkey, African green monkey and squirrel monkey.

Antigenicity of IgG was compared among human, the cynomolgus monkey, the African green monkey and the squirrel monkey by the quantitative precipitation test using purified IgG of and rabbit anti-IgG serum to each species. Clear cross-antigenicity was observed between the cynomolgus monkey and the African green monkey and less clear cross-antigenicity between human and the cynomolgus monkey or the African green monkey. The cross-antigenicity observed between the squirrel monkey and the other three species examined was evidently weak.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Experimental inoculation of monkeys with autologous lymphoid cell lines immortalized by and producing human T-cell leukemia virus type-I.

Cynomolgus monkeys and squirrel monkeys were inoculated with autologous lymphoid cell lines immortalized by and producing human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) in order to serve as an animal model of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The autologous cell lines were established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from each monkey by co-cultivation with lethally irradiated MT-2 cells producing HTLV-I. All of these cell lines, which had monkey karyotypes, grew continuously without addition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and expressed virus-specific proteins of HTLV-I and IL-2 receptor. After inoculation with the autologous cell lines, specific antibodies against HTLV-I proteins could be detected in their plasma, and transformed HTLV-I-infected cells could be recovered from their peripheral blood for at least 6 months. However, no signs of ATL have been observed to data, i.e. 2 years after inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

An experimental study on developmental changes of maternal discrimination of infants in crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

Individually reared mother-infant dyads of crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were observed cross-sectionally in their mother-infant relationship. In infants aged from 0 to 5.0 months, rather drastic changes were found both at 0.5-1.0 and 2.0-3.0 months of age. For an explanation of these changes, developmental processes of discrimination between mother and infant were analyzed cross-sectionally by exchanging mother-infant combinations. The results indicated that the first 0.5 months postpartum was characterized as a behaviorally nondiscriminating stage where nipple discrimination by infants was the only exception. The latter half of the first month was the beginning of a nonaggressive discrimination stage by mothers, indicated by lipsmacking and sniffing and in infants by clinging. When infants reached the age of 2.0-3.0 months, the mothers' nonaggressive discrimination with lipsmacking decreased, and her aggressive discrimination of alien infants increased. In addition to maternal visual discrimination of infants' physical appearances, differences in infants' odor and/or their method of nipple contact were suggested to affect the mothers' differential behaviors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Herpes simplex virus complement fixing antibody and herpes B virus serum neutralizing antibody in sera of wild and laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys.

The result of the complement fixation (CF) test for the antibody to herpes simplex virus (HSV) in sera of the cynomolgus monkeys was compared with that of the neutralization test (NS) for the antibody to herpes B virus (HBV) in the same sera. Fifty-seven (74%) of 77 wild-originated monkeys were positive for HSV-CF, while 65 (84%) of the 77 animals were positive for HBV-SN. All of the 57 CF positive cases were also positive for HBV-SN. On the other hand, 30 (75%) of 40 laboratory-bred monkeys had neither HSV-CF antibody nor HBV-SN antibody. Remaining 10 of the 40 laboratory-bred animals were positive for HSV-CF. However, no HBV-SN antibody was detected in nine of the 10 HSV-CF positive animals. These results suggest that the HSV-CF test may be as satisfactory as the HSV-SN test as a practical measure for rough screening of HBV infection in the cynomolgus monkey in laboratories having no containment unit for handling HBV.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Congenital cataract in a cynomolgus monkey].

The anterior part of the eye was examined with 1,531 newborn cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). A male (about 0.07%) of those newborns was noticed to have white opacities in his both eyes (Fig. 1). This finding was diagnosed to be bilateral congenital cataract by observing with a slit-lamp biomicroscope. Partial resorption of the white opaque part occurred one week after birth in the right eye (Fig. 2) and three weeks after birth in the left eye (Fig. 3). As a result of the resorption, observation of the ocular fundus by an ophthalmoscope became possible at two and seven weeks of age in the right and left eyes, respectively (Figs. 6 and 7), even though the ophthalmoscopic figures were not complete. White opacities occupied again nearly the whole area of the lens at 10 months of age in the left eye (Fig. 4) and at 14 months of age in the right eye (Fig. 5). Breeding studies are needed to determine if this case has any genetic background.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Age-related changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) bred and reared using the indoor individually-caged system].

Blood samples were collected from 1000 or more apparently healthy cynomolgus monkeys of different ages. All the monkeys had been bred and reared under uniform environmental conditions at the Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science, NIH, Japan. Biochemical and hematological data were determined with these samples. The calculated arithmetic means and standard deviations were listed for each item of measurement performed (Tables 3, 4 and 5). The correlation between the obtained value and the age was analyzed using a statistical significance level of 0.1% (Table 6). It was revealed that hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, alubuminglobulin ratio and triglyceride concentration increased with age, whereas red blood cell count and serum alkaline phosphatase activity decreased with age in both sexes.

Aging↗