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Biomedical subjects

S Honjo

Publications and source records attributed to S Honjo.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The relation of smoking, alcohol use and obesity to risk of sigmoid colon and rectal adenomas.

We conducted a case-control study, using 429 cases with histologically confirmed sigmoid adenoma, 75 cases with rectal adenoma, and 3101 controls showing normal colonoscopy at least up to 60 cm from the anus. The subjects were male Self-Defense Forces personnel aged 48-56 who received a retirement health examination including a routine sigmoid- or colonoscopy. Lifestyle characteristics were ascertained by a self-administered questionnaire. Smoking in the recent past (< or = 10 years preceding the colonoscopy) and smoking in the remote past (> 10 years before the colonoscopy) were both significantly associated with risk of sigmoid adenoma but not with rectal adenoma as a whole. After reciprocal adjustment for smoking in the two periods, only smoking in the recent past was associated with both sigmoid colon and rectal adenomas. Odds ratios (OR) of sigmoid adenoma (and 95% confidence interval) for the categories of 0, 1-150, 151-250 and > or = 251 cigarette-years were 1.0 (reference), 1.9 (1.3-2.8), 2.1 (1.4-3.0) and 3.0 (1.9-4.7), respectively (P for trend < 0.01), and those for rectal adenoma were 1.0 (reference), 1.2 (0.4 3.2), 3.5 (1.4-8.5) and 2.0 (0.6 6.7), respectively (P for trend = 0.03). Alcohol use was significantly positively associated with sigmoid adenoma, and insignificantly associated with rectal adenoma. Body mass index was significantly positively associated with sigmoid adenoma, especially large ones. No such association was found for rectal adenoma. These findings suggest that smoking, especially in the recent past, and alcohol use are common risk factors for sigmoid colon and rectal adenomas while obesity may be exclusively related to the growth of sigmoid adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1995

Effects of exercise and amenorrhea on bone mineral density in teenage runners.

In order to elucidate whether exercise and calcium intake can offset bone loss due to hypoestrogenemia in teenage girls, the lumbar and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) in elite amenorrheic runners (group 1 (n = 8)) was compared with those in eumenorrheic athletes (group 2 (n = 15)) and two groups of eumenorrheic non-athletic subjects, group 3 (n = 14), and group 4 (n = 15). BMD was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The subjects in group 1 lived in the dormitory, and their calcium intake was controlled to > 1400 mg/day. The subjects in groups 1, 2 and 3 were age matched (16-17 years old), but the body weight of those in group 2 was significantly greater than that of others. The subjects in groups 1, 3 and 4 were weight matched, but group 4 subjects were older by 5 years (21.0 +/- 0.2 years old). The lumbar BMD of group 1 was 1.0460 +/- 0.0259, which was not statistically different from those in the other groups, while the femoral BMD of group 1 was significantly higher than those of groups 3 and 4 at trochanter. The lumbar and femoral BMD of group 2 was significantly higher than in groups 3 and 4, but was not statistically different from group 1. There were no significant differences in serum parathyroid hormone levels, but osteocalcin and calcitonin levels of group 1 were significantly lower than those of groups 2 and 3, and groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively, suggesting that the rate of bone formation is suppressed in amenorrheic runners.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Gallstone disease among Japanese men in relation to obesity, glucose intolerance, exercise, alcohol use, and smoking.

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for gallstones are not fully understood, especially in men. Obesity and other risk factors for gallstone disease were investigated in Japanese men based on gallbladder ultrasonography. METHODS: Forty-one men with gallstones, 31 with postcholecystectomy state, and 2044 with a normal gallbladder were identified among 2228 men aged 49-55 years who received a retirement health examination at three hospitals of the Japan Self-Defense Forces between 1991 and 1992. Glucose tolerance was determined with a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS: Body mass index was not associated with gallstones, although it was significantly, positively related to postcholecystectomy. Waist to hip circumference ratio tended to be weakly associated with gallstones. Diabetes mellitus was associated only with postcholecystectomy. Smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity were not measurably related to either gallstones or postcholecystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The present study failed to substantiate an association of gallstone risk with either obesity or any other risk factor. Further observation is needed in view of the limited study power.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1995

Relation of waist-hip ratio to glucose tolerance, blood pressure, and serum lipids in middle-aged Japanese males.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether waist-hip ratio (WHR) influences glucose tolerance, blood pressure, and serum lipids independently of body mass index (BMI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: 2,228 male self-defense officials aged 49-55 years in Japan. MEASUREMENTS: BMI, WHR, serum lipids, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and glucose tolerance status according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. RESULTS: Adjustment was made for smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and inter-hospital variation in statistical analysis. Adjusted odds ratios of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were progressively increased with increasing levels of WHR, but not BMI. Both BMI and WHR were independently positively associated with impaired glucose tolerance to almost the same degree. Adjusted means of blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were almost linearly increased with increasing levels of both BMI and WHR, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was progressively decreased. Although the associations of BMI and WHR with blood pressure and serum lipids attenuated after mutual adjustment for each, BMI was less influenced by WHR than vice versa, except for triglycerides. CONCLUSION: WHR is an important contributor not only to NIDDM but also to impaired glucose tolerance, blood pressure, and serum lipids, although the associations of WHR with blood pressure and serum lipids were generally weaker than those of BMI, except for triglycerides.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1994

Behavioural and biological correlates of serum uric acid: a study of self-defence officials in Japan.

BACKGROUND: In Japan epidemiological data on correlates of serum uric acid are sparse. METHODS: Behavioural and biological correlates of serum uric acid were investigated in 2487 men who received a retirement health examination at the Self-Defence Forces Fukuoka Hospital from October 1986 through 1990, excluding those under medication for hyperuricaemia, hypertension or hyperlipidaemia. RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that serum creatinine was the strongest correlate followed by serum triglycerides, body mass index and diastolic blood pressure; these four variables accounted for 16% of the overall variation in serum uric acid. Serum total cholesterol, alcohol intake and past smoking were positively associated with serum uric acid levels while diabetes mellitus and serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were negatively related to serum uric acid; these five variables additionally explained 2% of the variation. Although an independent impact was minimal, beer consumption was significantly associated with an elevated level of serum uric acid after allowing for the previously mentioned correlates. CONCLUSIONS: Serum creatinine and triglycerides are major correlates of serum uric acid in Japanese men. Our data add to the body of evidence suggesting that weight control, avoiding excessive drinking and adequate control of hypertension are beneficial in the prevention of hyperuricaemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Obesity and adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon.

The relation between obesity and adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon was investigated in male self-defense officials who received a retirement health examination at three hospitals of the Self-Defense Forces in Japan between January 1991 and December 1992. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR) were used as indices of obesity. A total of 228 adenoma cases and 1484 controls with normal sigmoidoscopy were identified in 2228 men: cases having small adenomas (< 5 mm in diameter) and those with large adenomas (5 mm or greater) numbered 115 and 102, respectively. Smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, rank, and hospital were controlled for by multiple logistic regression analysis. BMI and WHR were classified into four levels using the 30th, 60th, and 90th percentiles of each distribution in the control as cut-off points. There was a significant two-fold elevation in the overall adenoma risk among men at the highest BMI level (> or = 26.95) compared with those at the lowest level (< 22.48), but the risk did not linearly increase: a similar increase was also noted for large adenomas. While WHR was only weakly related to the overall adenoma risk, the risk of large adenomas progressively increased with increasing levels of WHR; odds ratio (OR) 2.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-5.9) for the highest (> or = 0.958) versus lowest (< 0.878) levels. BMI was not materially associated with adenoma risk after additional adjustment for WHR, but a positive association between WHR and large adenomas was independent of BMI: OR 3.4 (95% CI 1.5-7.6) for the highest versus lowest levels. These findings suggest that obesity is associated with an increased risk of colon adenomas, probably with adenoma growth.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

Cancer mortality in low radon spa area.

Recently lower mortality for cancers of all sites was reported among inhabitants in the Misasa spa area, where there is a high radon background. To clarify the effects of radon exposure on cancer mortality, the effects of a hot spring itself on cancer mortality was investigated in the Beppu spa area, which has only a low radon background, and adjacent control areas. For females, the mortalities for cancers of all sites, liver and lung were higher in Beppu than those for all Japan on the basis of the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), while the SMR for all cancers was lower in adjacent areas. For the male inhabitants in both areas the cancer mortalities of all sites were not significantly different from those of all Japan. When we directly compared the most typical spa areas in Beppu and an adjacent control area, a Poisson regression analysis did not show that the relative risk of dying from cancer of all sites was decreased in the spa areas. These results are thus consistent with the view that the lower cancer mortality in the Misasa spa area might be related to exposure to low levels of radon.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A case in which diagnosis between autism, Heller's syndrome and childhood schizophrenia is difficult.

At present, although autism has become accepted as a pervasive developmental disorder, renewed attention is being turned upon the relationship between autism and childhood schizophrenia in recent years. Likewise, the relationship among Heller's syndrome, autism, and childhood schizophrenia has also become a focus of clinical interest. The author presents a case in which discrimination among autism, Heller's syndrome, and childhood schizophrenia is difficult, supplementing discussion from the nosological standpoint. The subject is a male, who was 7 years old at first presentation. Early signs of disorder other than a delay in verbal development were not recognized. At around age 3, a tendency to become isolated at nursery school, and a rambling speech without cohesion was noted at home. Also around this time, the subject was seen to take an obsessive interest in written characters and maps. However, a drastic increase in the severity of symptoms occurred at about 1 week after entering 1st grade with the sudden appearance of hyperactive tendency, accompanied by anxiety at night and loss of control over both urinary and bowel functions. This was followed by the appearance of severe self-injurious behavior, for which the subject came under the care of the author. Subsequently, the author has been involved with the subject therapeutically for about 10 years. In that interval, although a tendency of improvement has been noted in his condition, no substantial change has been recognized in terms of the fundamental disease picture.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of IgE antibody to crude and purified allergens of Japanese cedar pollen among different troops of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata).

We measured specific IgE antibodies to the crude allergen as well as two purified allergens (Cry j I and Cry j II) of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica--CJ) pollen in the serum of 276 Japanese monkeys in nine troops. Of 45 monkeys with CJ specific IgE in eight of nine troops, 23 (51%) were found to have IgE to both Cry j I and Cry j II, 21 (47%) only to Cry j I, and one (2.2%) only to Cry j II. The positive rate of specific IgE antibody to each allergen varied among the troops.

Allergens↗
PubMed1994

Epidemiology of gallbladder polyps: an ultrasonographic study of male self-defense officials in Japan.

The prevalence and risk factors of gallbladder polyps diagnosed by ultrasonography were investigated in 2739 male self-defense officials who received a retirement health examination at the Self-Defense Forces Fukuoka Hospital, Japan, between October 1986 and December 1990. Excluding 38 men whose gallbladder had been removed previously, 143 men were found to have gallbladder polyps. The overall prevalence of gallbladder polyps was 5.3%. The relation between gallbladder polyps and smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, glucose tolerance, and serum lipids was examined in 137 men with stoneless polyps and 2495 normal subjects. Whereas smoking tended to be inversely associated with gallbladder polyps, none of the other lifestyle and clinical variables were related to this condition. Thus the reported risk factors of gallstones had no relation to gallbladder polyps.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1994

Fatherhood and distal adenomas of the large bowel: a study of male self-defense officials in Japan.

Parity has been studied extensively as a risk factor for colorectal cancer but has not been definitively shown to be associated with altered risk. In a few studies, risk of colorectal cancer in childless men has been compared to risk in men with children, but results have not been consistent. We analyzed the association of fatherhood with risk of colorectal adenomas in male self-defense officials (ages 49-55) in Japan. The study participants received a preretirement health examination including flexible sigmoidoscopy at Self-Defense Forces hospitals in Japan from January 1991 through December 1992. The examinations identified 265 cases with rectal or sigmoid adenomas and 1480 controls with normal examinations up to 60 cm from the anus. Data on marital status, number of children, long-term work assignment away from wife and children, and other lifestyle variables were obtained by means of a self-administered questionnaire prior to physical examination. Multiple logistic regression analysis assessed the risk of adenomas in relation to number of children, marital status, long-term work assignment away from family, and military rank, with adjustment for cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, dietary variables, body mass index, and recreational physical activity. In this relatively homogeneous group, more than 98% of both cases and controls were currently married, and more than 93% had children. The adjusted odds ratio for the association of adenomas with fatherhood was 0.4 (95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.8). Marital status and work assignment away from the family were not associated with adenoma risk. These findings suggest that colorectal adenomas and perhaps cancer risk may be associated with childlessness in men.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Pre- and postmenopausal bone mineral density of the spine and proximal femur in Japanese women assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry: a cross-sectional study.

To investigate the influence of menopause on bone mineral density (BMD) of Japanese women, BMD of the spine and proximal femur was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 220 premenopausal and 166 postmenopausal Japanese women. The peak bone density of the spine in premenopausal women was detected between 35 and 39 years of age, and that of femur before 20. Thereafter spinal and femoral BMD showed a slight decrease, but they did not show a significant decrease until menopause or menstruation became irregular. Duration of substantial bone loss at lumbar spine continued for about 10 years after menopause, but that at the femur was much longer. To investigate the effect of early menopause on bone loss, postmenopausal women were divided into two groups according to the age at onset of menopause. The BMD of postmenopausal women whose menopause occurred before 50 was significantly less over the latter part of life than that of women whose menopause occurred after 50. These results suggest that bone loss is related to menopause or irregular menstruation rather than age per se, and early menopause should be recognized as one of the risk factors for involutional osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

Serum lipids and gallstone disease. A study of self-defense officials in Japan.

Based on screening ultrasonography of the gallbladder in 2756 men who received a retirement health examination at the Self-Defense Forces Fukuoka Hospital, Japan, during the period of 1986 to 1990, we compared serum lipid levels among 61 men with gallstones, 38 who had the gallbladder removed previously, and 2494 with a normal gallbladder. In univariate analysis, men having gallstones and those who had had a cholecystectomy had lower concentrations of total and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol than did control subjects, although the differences were not statistically significant. After adjustment for body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and glucose tolerance, inverse associations of cholecystectomy with total and LDL cholesterol levels were more pronounced and statistically significant. There was no appreciable difference in high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides between control subjects and men either with gallstones or after cholecystectomy. The present study did not support a positive relation between gallstones and serum triglyceride levels and an inverse one to HDL cholesterol, which have been reported elsewhere. The findings on total and LDL cholesterol are consistent with some, but not all recent studies.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1993

[The preventive effect of estrogen and vitamin D on postmenopausal bone loss].

In order to evaluate the preventive effect of estrogen and vitamin D3 on postmenopausal bone loss, either estrogen (Premarin 0.625 mg/day) or vitamin D3 (Onealfa 1.0 micrograms/day) was administered to postmenopausal women. Changes in lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) were monitored by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The lumbar BMD of women given estrogen showed a significant increase at 6 months after treatment. The highest response to estrogen was demonstrated within a year after treatment, and thereafter the effect was diminished but still prevented further bone loss. On the other hand, the effect of vitamin D was heterogeneous. Half of the women receiving vitamin D showed a remarkable increase at a year later, but in the remainder there was a decrease and the overall there was little change from the pretreatment value. These results indicate that estrogen can be used as a first choice for the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss, but further studies on the preventive effect of vitamin D are needed.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1992

Cigarette smoking, alcohol use and adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon.

The relationship of adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon with cigarette smoking and alcohol use was investigated in male self-defense officials in Japan. In the comparison between 116 cases and 930 controls, total ethanol intake was not at all associated with the risk of adenomatous polyps, but cigarette smoking was strongly related to adenomatous polyps. After adjustment for total ethanol intake, body mass index and rank, odds ratios (and 95% confidence interval) for the categories of 0, 1-399, 400-799, and 800 or more cigarette-years were 1.0 (referent), 2.3 (1.1-4.6), 2.9 (1.5-5.4) and 3.2 (1.6-6.5), respectively. Among five alcoholic beverages (sake, shochu, beer, whiskey including brandy, and wine), only whiskey consumption was weakly related to the risk of adenomatous polyps. Because the present findings disagree with an earlier observation on self-defense officials, we examined the association with smoking and alcohol use separately for small (less than 5 mm) and large (greater than or equal to 5 mm) adenomas, combining data from these two studies. Cigarette smoking was more strongly associated with small adenomas while the positive association with certain alcoholic beverages were largely confined to large adenomas. These findings suggest that cigarette smoking and alcohol use may be linked with the development of adenoma at different stages of colon tumorigenesis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

School refusal in Japan.

In Japan, school refusal began to attract the attention of psychiatrists from about 1960, and has been one of the main focuses of contemporary child and adolescent psychiatry because of the increase in the number of patients. It is now one of the most popular diagnosis in the clinical practice of child and adolescent psychiatry in this country. School refusal, however, is not listed as a diagnostic classification of a syndrome or disease in such international classifications of psychiatry as the ICD-9, ICD-10 draft, DSM-III, or DSM-III-R. It is an important task for child and adolescent psychiatry in Japan to determine the position of school refusal in relation to the international diagnostic standards. In this paper, (1) We described the actual conditions of school refusal in Japan. (2) We argued that it was reasonable and clinically useful to retain the concept of school refusal as a clinical entity unique to Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Presence of antibody to Cyno-EBV in domestically bred cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

The presence of an antibody to the Cyno-EBV was studied with Cyno-EBV bearing cell line (Ts-B-9) as antigen in 186 domestically bred cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) ranging in age from birth to 18 yr as well as in 20 adult (older than 10 yr) cynomolgus monkeys of wild origin. The maternal antibody to Cyno-EBV persisted for less than four mo after birth in infant monkeys. After one yr of age, all the domestically bred monkeys were consistently positive for Cyno-EBV. In the monkeys of wild origin also, the anti-Cyno-EBV antibody was detected without exception. Antibody titers in adult monkeys varied from 1:80 to 1:640.

Age Factors↗