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Biomedical subjects

S Hara

Publications and source records attributed to S Hara.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Modalities of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy for growth inhibition of androgen-stimulated mouse carcinoma (Shionogi carcinoma 115).

Effects of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy applied individually or in combination on growth of an androgen-stimulated mouse tumor, Shionogi carcinoma 115 (SC 115), were examined. In the present study cyclophosphamide and castration were used as chemo- and endocrine therapy, respectively, and simultaneous combination of these two treatments was found to be the most effective in inhibiting tumor growth. When comparing the effect of castration alone with that of injection of cyclophosphamide alone, the former retarded the tumor growth more efficiently, but relapse occurred in both instances. Injection of cyclophosphamide to the relapsed tumor after castration caused a marked effect when compared with the effect of the drug on the untreated or the chemotherapy-relapsed tumors. Castration caused a retardation of growth in the chemotherapy-relapsed tumor, but the survival period was shorter than that observed in the mice that received castration followed by injection of cyclophosphamide. From these results, it was concluded that castration followed by chemotherapy was the preferred order among sequential treatments for the SC 115; however, the optimal treatment was produced by simultaneous combination of chemotherapy plus castration.

Androgens↗
PubMed1987

Early myoelectrical activity changes during gastric or duodenal ulceration in dogs.

Antroduodenal myoelectric activity and gastric transmural potential difference were recorded before and during fundic, antral, or duodenal ulceration in dogs. Gastric injury was obtained by electrocoagulation of the fundic or antral mucosa. Duodenal ulceration was induced by cysteamine injection which was accompanied by nausea or vomiting. Both antral electrocoagulation and cysteamine injection were also accompanied by antral dysrhythmia and a transient decrease of the gastric transmural potential difference. Effects of antral electrocoagulation were prevented by selective vagotomy. Since antral dysrhythmia disappeared as soon as the antral or duodenal ulcers became active, ie, within three days and 24 hr respectively, it is suggested that antral dysrhythmia is the result of antroduodenal stimulation and could thus not be assessed as a criterion of active ulceration.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Nystagmus and subnormal electroretinographic response in nonketotic hyperglycinemia.

We examined ophthalmologically two siblings with nonketotic hyperglycinemia who had negligible activities of glycine cleavage system in the liver. Both had jerky nystagmus. The elder brother had a normal electroretinographic response, while the younger brother's response was subnormal. There may be a close association of subnormal electroretinographic response and hyperglycinemia, because glycine can act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the retina.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1987

Fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography of N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acids and its application to their microdetermination in human and animal sera, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.

A simple, rapid, and highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acids in human and animal sera, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The neuraminic acids, released by acid hydrolysis of these biological samples, are converted in dilute sulfuric acid with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylene-dioxybenzene, a fluorogenic reagent for alpha-keto acids, to highly fluorescent derivatives. The derivatives are separated within 12 min on a reversed-phase column (Radial-Pak cartridge C18) with an isocratic elution and detected fluorometrically. The detection limits are 25 fmol (7.7 pg) for N-acetylneuraminic acid and 23 fmol (7.5 pg) for N-glycolylneuraminic acid in a 10-microliter injection volume at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2. This method permits precise determination of the neuraminic acids in 5 microliter of human and animal sera or in 0.25-2.5 micrograms of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Chemical replacement of P1' arginine residue at the first reactive site of peanut protease inhibitor B-III.

The contribution of the P1' residue at the first reactive site of peanut protease inhibitor B-III to the inhibition was analyzed by replacement of the P1' Arg(11) with other amino acids (Arg, Ser, Ala, Leu, Phe, Asp) after selective modification of the second reactive site. The Arg derivative had the same trypsin inhibitory activity as the native inhibitor (Ki = 2 X 10(-9) M). The Ser derivative inhibited more weakly (Ki = 2 X 10(-8) M). The Ala and Leu derivatives inhibited trypsin very weakly (Ki = 2 X 10(-7) M and 4 X 10(-7) M, respectively), and the Phe and Asp derivatives not at all. These results suggest that the P1' arginine residue is best for inhibitory activity at the first reactive site of B-III, although it has been suggested that a P1' serine residue at the reactive site is best for inhibitory activity of Bowman-Birk type inhibitors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Conversion of peanut trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor B-III to a chymotrypsin inhibitor by deimination of the P1 arginine residues in two reactive sites.

The deimination of the arginine residues in peanut trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor B-III caused the disappearance of its trypsin-inhibitory activity. Peanut protease inhibitor B-III was incubated with peptidylarginine deiminase, resulting in the conversion of 2.5 mol of arginine to citrulline and in the loss of its trypsin-inhibitory activity. However, the ability of the deiminated inhibitor to inhibit chymotrypsin was as strong as before. Structural analysis of the deiminated B-III indicated that the P1 arginine residues at both reactive sites, Arg(10) and Arg(38), were completely modified to citrulline by the action of peptidylarginine deiminase, and that the Arg(60) in the C-terminal region of B-III was partially deiminated. These residues seem to be exposed on the surface of the molecule. The P1' arginine residue at the first reactive site, Arg(11), was not deiminated at all.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Chemical replacement of P1' serine residue at the second reactive site of soybean protease inhibitor C-II.

The P1' Ser(50) at the second reactive site of soybean protease inhibitor C-II was replaced with arginine to confirm the contribution of this residue to the inhibition. The Arg derivative had less trypsin inhibitory activity (Ki = 1 X 10(-7) M) than the Ser derivative (Ki = 2 X 10(-8) M), in contrast to the results obtained from studies on peanut protease inhibitor B-III reported in the previous paper (J. Biochem. 101, 723-728 (1987)). These results suggest that each Bowman-Birk type inhibitor has an amino acid at the P1' position inherently best suited to maintaining its inhibitory activity, and that serine is not unique for the P1' amino acid in Bowman-Birk type inhibitors.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Inhibition of antigen-induced contraction of guinea pig isolated tracheal muscle with 2-n-butyl-3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxy indene (MDI-A), indane (MDI-B) and 8-(diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxy benzoate hydrochloride (TMB-8).

The effects of three intracellular calcium antagonists on antigen-induced contraction of sensitized guinea pig tracheal muscle were investigated. The agents employed were: 2-n-butyl-3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxy indene hydrochloride (MDI-A), 2-n-butyl-3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxy indane hydrochloride (MDI-B) and 8-(diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxy benzoate hydrochloride (TMB-8). Each of these agents caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the antigen-induced contraction of sensitized tracheal smooth muscle. Moreover, in histamine and leukotriene D4 (LTD4) incited contractions of guinea pig tracheal muscle, they showed antagonistic action. The induced tracheal muscle contraction, achieved through the addition of compound 48/80 to a solution of ethylene glycol bis (beta-aminoethylether)-N,N,N1, N1-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) in a contained Ca-free medium, was completely inhibited by individual pretreatment with MDI-A, MDI-B and TMB-8. In the case of tracheal muscle contraction induced by CaCl2 in a high potassium, Ca-free medium, only TMB-8 inhibited contraction. Lastly, none of these three intracellular calcium antagonists affected the antigen-induced release of histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). These results suggest that MDI-A and MDI-B inhibit the antigen-induced contraction of sensitized guinea pig tracheal muscle by interfering with the contractile responses caused by histamine and LTD4.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Suppression of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures by hydralazine associated with 5-hydroxytryptaminergic system in rat brain.

The effects of hydralazine on the central nervous system were studied in rats. Administration of hydralazine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) transiently, but significantly suppressed the seizures elicited by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). The suppressive actions were potentiated in the animals pretreated with either reserpine or p-chlorophenylalanine, but not alpha-methyltyrosine. Methysergide, an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors, could abolish the effect of hydralazine on the tonic component of the seizures, but unlikely that on the clonic one. Although 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in the brain were both significantly increased after the administration of hydralazine, the increased levels of 5-HIAA reached the peak level earlier than those of 5-HT did. In 5-HT turnover, hydralazine did not change the 5-HT synthesis rate, but the drug inhibited the elimination of 5-HIAA from the brain. The accumulation of 5-HIAA after the inhibition of the acid transport system by probenecid was transiently, but significantly increased in the animals treated with hydralazine. The potency of the suppressive effects of hydralazine on PTZ-induced seizures was in parallel with the rate of 5-HIAA formation in the brain. These results suggest that hydralazine might antagonize the PTZ-induced seizures at least partly by modulating the activation in the central 5-HT-ergic system.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Acute changes in C3a and C5a in an anaphylactoid reaction in hemodialysis patients.

Blood sample were collected from both the arterial and venous lines of the patients undergoing hemodialysis using cuprophan membrane at several time intervals. Radioimmunoassay was then applied to measure the C3a and C5a levels. C3a levels from the arterial lines of patients undergoing uneventful hemodialysis were 463.2 +/- 51.3 ng/ml (mean +/- S.D.), 1112.9 +/- 109.9, 956.0 +/- 72.1, and 721.2 +/- 49.6 at 0, 15, 120 and 360 min, respectively. C5a levels did not change significantly during uneventful hemodialysis. C3a and C5a levels were significantly higher in the blood from the venous lines than those from the arterial lines, a finding indicating that complement activation via alternative pathway takes place in the dialyzer. C3a and C5a levels were markedly elevated in patients with anaphylactoid reaction. Reuses of dialyzers on the patients having a history of an anaphylactoid reaction during hemodialysis suppressed not only the rise of C3a levels, but also the recurrence of the reaction. From these findings, it is concluded that rises of C3a and C5a in the arterial lines of patients are causally related to the induction of anaphylactoid reaction during hemodialysis.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1987

Topographic diagnosis of facial paralysis by the assay of lysozyme concentration in tears.

Lysozyme in tears is secreted from the main lacrimal gland innervated by a parasympathetic nerve via the greater petrosal nerve. Lysozyme activity in tears was analysed in 10 cases of unilateral facial paralysis due to the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor and 10 normal cases. The lysozyme concentration in tears on the paralysed side collected by Schirmer No. 2 test was significantly lower than that on the healthy side, or bilateral sides of normal subjects. This decreased concentration on the paralysed side is due to the interruption of the reflex are at the level of CPA. It is concluded that our new method is more useful for topographical diagnosis of facial paralysis than is the conventional Schirmer's filter paper test.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Superovulation-induced transient hyperprolactinemia in human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer].

To examine the effects of transient hyperprolactinemia on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, 61 cycles in 50 euprolactinemic ovulatory women with irreparable tubal diseases were stimulated with clomiphene (CC) alone or CC and human menopausal gonadotropin followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Serum prolactin (PRL) increased after hCG administration with peak values of 45.4 +/- 4.2 ng/ml on the day of laparoscopic oocyte aspiration. The highest serum estradiol (E2) concentration was found on the day before PRL peak and serum progesterone (P) began to increase after hCG injection concomitant with the PRL rise. The group having 50 ng/ml or more of PRL (34 cycles) had significantly higher levels of E2 during preovulatory and early luteal phase compared to those of the group having less than 50 ng/ml of PRL (27 cycles) but there was no significant difference between the P levels in the two groups. In the higher PRL group 72 (62.1%) of 116 collected oocytes were fertilized and 6 (20.0%) conceived. In the lower PRL group 45 oocytes (58.4%) of 77 were fertilized and 3 (12.5%) became pregnant. These data suggest that elevated serum PRL concentrations may have no effect on fertilization of oocytes in vitro or embryonic development.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Ovarian stimulation and corpus luteum function in human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer].

Ovarian stimulation and corpus luteum function in human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were investigated. Thirty-three cycles were treated with clomiphene citrate (CC) alone and 56 cycles with a CC/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) combination, and the latter was divided into three groups in the luteal phase; untreated (CC/hMG-NO) (n = 21), treated with progesterone (CC/hMG-P) (n = 23), and treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (CC/hMG-hCG) (n = 12). There were many more increases in the number of aspirated follicles, recovered oocytes, and transferred embryos in the CC/hMG group than in the CC group. A significant correlation was found between the numbers of aspirated follicles and serum estradiol (E2) peaks in the follicular phase, and also between serum E2 peaks in the follicular phase and serum progesterone (P) maximum levels in CC and CC/hMG-NO. No significant difference was observed in serum P levels in the midluteal phase among four groups, though their levels were given in the following order; CC/hMG-hCG greater than CC/hMG-P greater than CC/hMG-NO. P/E2 ratios for the luteal phase in the CC/hMG-hCG group were significantly higher than those of other groups, but the pregnancy rate for the CC/hMG-hCG group was the lowest in the four groups. In conclusion, the high P and high P/E2 ratios following luteal treatment were not necessarily connected with pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pasteurella multocida endophthalmitis after a cat bite.

We treated a patient with Pasteurella multocida endophthalmitis associated with a retinal detachment resulting from a cat bite. To our knowledge, endophthalmitis from an animal bite has not been described previously. Organisms were directly inoculated from a perforated wound through the globe. The patient was vigorously treated with intensive systemic antimicrobial chemotherapy and pars plana vitrectomy. The inflammation subsided after repeated vitrectomies. A subsequent retinal detachment was treated with fluid-gas exchange and 360 scleral buckling with a silicone implant. Eight months after surgery the visual acuity was 40/200.

Animals↗