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Biomedical subjects

S Hara

Publications and source records attributed to S Hara.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The juxtaglomerular apparatus in IgA nephropathy: an analysis of the transport and fate of IgA deposits at the glomerular hilus.

This study on 27 cases of IgA nephropathy has shown that IgA deposits are rare in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) despite large amounts of IgA deposits in the mesangium. Phagocytes are absent in JGA. A small number of ill-defined, IgA-positive substances are seen in the matrix of lacis cells, and their electron-density is decreased. These findings indicate dissolution of IgA deposits in the intercellular matrix. In addition, it is suggested that the transport of IgA deposits through the glomerular stalk toward JGA is prevented at the border area between the mesangium of glomerular hilus and the lacis cell region. The block is not complete, because small, IgA-positive substances are seen sparsely in the matrix of lacis cells. The structure of the lacis cell region is thought to restrict the passage of macromolecules such as IgA deposits. Frequently positive staining for C3 in the mesangium and lacis cell region and within the wall of afferent and efferent arterioles indicates that C3 is easily accessible to the arteriolar wall adjacent to JGA, by the route through the glomerular stalk and JGA. This may be concerned in the pathogenesis of arteriolar hyalinosis at the glomerular hilus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Synthesis and in vitro activity of various derivatives of a novel thromboxane receptor antagonist, (+/-)-(5Z)-7-[3-endo-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]bicyclo[2.2.1] hept-2-exo-yl]heptenoic acid.

Several sulfonyl derivatives (13a-t) of (+/-)-(5Z)-7-(3-endo-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-exo-yl)heptenoic acid (VI) were synthesized via its methyl ester 10. Sulfonylation of 10 with 11a-t followed by saponification yielded 13a-t. Inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the corresponding sodium salts 14a-t for platelet aggregation were measured with rat washed platelets (WP) and rabbit platelet-rich plasma (PRP). IC50 values of some derivatives for contraction of the rat aorta were also measured. The IC50 values for rat WP increased from 2.9 to 26 nM in the order of 14a, 14c, 14d, and 14b for derivatives with an arylsulfonyl residue, depending on the number of of intervening methylene groups. Methyl derivative 14e exhibited a higher IC50 value than n-hexyl derivative 14f. Substitution with a p-methyl, p-fluoro-, or p-chloro group in 14a retained or slightly reduced its IC50 value, while a p-n-pentyl or p-oxycarbonyl group augmented it significantly. The representative 14a suppressed (15S)-15-hydroxy-11,9-(epoxymethano)prosta-5(Z),13(E)-dienoic acid (U-46619) induced aggregation of human WP with an IC50 value of 7.7 nM, which corresponds well to the IC50 value of 3 nM obtained for each displacement by 14a of [3H]-U-46619 or (5Z,15 xi)-9 alpha, 11 alpha-(dimethylmethano)-15-hydroxy-16-(3-[125I]iodo- 4-hydroxyphenyl)-17,18,19,20-tetranor-13-aza-11a-carbathrombo-5-en oic acid [( 125I]-PTA-OH) bound to human WP. Synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) in human WP stimulated by thrombin was not inhibited by 14a at a concentration up to 10 microM. From these observations, the corresponding acid 13a (S-145) was concluded to be a potent TxA2 receptor antagonist.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Amino acid composition and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of human phospholipase A2 purified from rheumatoid synovial fluid.

The amino acid composition and partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of an extracellular phospholipase A2 in human rheumatoid synovial fluid were determined. The predominant amino acids in the phospholipase A2 were cysteine, glycine, arginine, and lysine, suggesting that it is a basic one. The NH2-terminal 34 amino acids were found to be as follows: Asn-Leu-Val-Asn-Phe-His-Arg-Met-Ile-Lys-Leu-Thr-Thr-Gly-Lys-Glu-Ala-Ala-Leu- Ser-Tyr-Gly-Phe-Tyr-Gly-Cys-X-Cys-Gly-Val-Gly-Gly-Arg-Gly The enzyme contains Phe-5, Met-8, Ile-9, Tyr-24, Gly-25, Cys-26, Cys-28, Gly-29, Gly-31, Gly-32, and Gly-34 residues, all of which are conserved in most of the sequenced phospholipase A2. The remarkable feature of this enzyme was the absence of Cys-11, which is conserved in the "Group I" enzyme family. This is the first report concerning partial amino acid sequences of human non-pancreatic phospholipase A2.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Amino acid sequence of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) chymotrypsin inhibitor, WCI-3.

The complete amino acid sequence of winged bean chymotrypsin inhibitor 3 (WCI-3) was determined by the conventional methods. WCI-3 consisted of 183 amino acid residues, but was heterogeneous in the carboxyl terminal region owing to the loss of one to four carboxyl terminal amino acid residues. The sequence of WCI-3 was highly homologous with those of soybean trypsin inhibitor Tia, winged bean trypsin inhibitor WTI-1, and Erythrina latissima trypsin inhibitor DE-3. One of the reactive site peptide bonds of WCI-3 was identified as Leu(65)-Ser(66), which was located at the same position as those of the other Kunitz-family leguminous proteinase inhibitors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Amino acid sequence of a lysozyme (B-enzyme) from Bacillus subtilis YT-25.

The amino acid sequence of a lysozyme, (B-enzyme), from Bacillus subtilis YT-25 was determined by conventional methods. B-Enzyme comprised 117 amino acid residues and had a heterogeneous sequence in the amino-terminal region. The amino acid sequence of B-enzyme was different from those of all other lysozymes the sequences of which are known. However, the partial amino acid sequence of Ser(74) to Ser(97) of B-enzyme was homologous with that of the active-site region of hen egg-white lysozyme (Ser(36) to Ser(60], which includes one of the catalytic amino acids, Asp(52). It is interesting that B-enzyme has an amino acid sequence homologous with that of the gag protein p25 of the AIDS virus ARV-2.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Immunoreactive opsin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.

An 8-month-old boy had an anterior type of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in the right eye. Results of needle biopsy, performed because of elevated intraocular pressure, disclosed clusters of blastic cells. The eye was enucleated on the suspicion of retinoblastoma. Histological examination showed retrolental fibrovascular tissue and retinal dysplasia. Immunoreactive opsin was detected in the innermost structures and in photoreceptor-like cells of rosettes. We conclude that photoreceptor cells differentiated to express opsin, even when neighbouring cells were abnormally arranged. An immunocytochemical study of glial fibrillary acidic protein demonstrated glial proliferation in the inner layer of the retina but not in the preretinal space.

Eye↗
PubMed1988

Evidence in vivo for autogenous control of the cyclic AMP receptor protein gene (crp) in Escherichia coli by divergent RNA.

Control of crp expression in vivo was studied by using the cloned crp gene. The synthesis of the product of this gene, cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP), was strongly reduced by exogenous cAMP. This regulation was completely abolished by the inactivation of a divergent promoter located within the crp promoter region. These data are consistent with our in vitro studies (Okamoto and Freundlich, Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:5000-5004, 1986), which showed that crp autoregulation is due to the inhibition of crp transcription by divergent (antisense) RNA produced by cAMP-CRP activation of the divergent promoter.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1988

Endotoxemia in patients who underwent ultrasonic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

The authors conducted limulus tests of assay blood endotoxin in order to study the fever which often develops after ultrasonic lithotripsy (USL) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Assays of endotoxin were also conducted after transurethral resection (TUR) and other operations as a basis for comparison. Endotoxemia was observed in 18 among 28 patients (64.3%) who underwent USL, in 8 among 34 patients (23.5%) who underwent ESWL, in 1 among 14 patients (7.1%) who underwent TUR and in 1 among 11 patients (9.1%) who underwent other operations. The incidence of endotoxemia was significantly higher (p less than 0.01 by chi 2 test) in patients who had undergone USL than in those who had undergone ESWL, TUR or other operations.

Endotoxins↗
PubMed1988

Exacerbation of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration by systemically administered GABA in rats: possible involvement of peripheral GABA receptors.

Effects of systemically administered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration were studied in rats. Orally administered GABA significantly exacerbated the ulceration in a dose-dependent manner, although GABA per se had no ulcerogenic activity. The exacerbation was restored by GABA receptor antagonists, bicuculline methiodide, picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol. Pretreatment with atropine sulfate antagonized the exacerbating effect of GABA on indomethacin-induced ulceration. 3-Amino-1-propanesulfonic acid, but not glycine, taurine or beta-alanine, mimicked the effect of GABA on the ulceration, which was inhibited by picrotoxin. Muscimol and (-)-baclofen could not potentiate the ulceration. However, sodium pentobarbital and diazepam caused synergistic exacerbation of the ulcer when combined with GABA. Since it is known that systemically administered GABA can not penetrate into the brain, these results suggest that systemically administered GABA may stimulate the cholinergic transmission mediating the activation of peripheral GABA receptors, resulting in the exacerbation of indomethacin-induced ulceration.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Concentrations of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and other acute phase reactants in patients with gastric cancer.

The serum levels of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, immunosuppressive acidic glycoprotein, acid soluble glycoproteins, and sialic acid as acute phase reactants (APRs) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a cancer-producing glycoprotein were measured preoperatively in 245 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy and were treated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or immunochemotherapy. The patients were classified into four groups: group A had normal leverl of serum CEA and APRs; group B had abnormal CEA levels; group C had normal levels of CEA and one or more abnormal levels of APRs; and group D showed abnormal levels of CEA and one or more abnormal levels of APRs. Groups A and B showed good survival rates, but groups C and D had poor rates. The patients in groups A and C who received immunochemotherapy exhibited significantly better survival rates than those treated with chemotherapy. The pretreatment of levels of CEA and APRs have potential as aids in prognosis and in the selection of suitable immunopotentiators and anticancer drugs for cancer patients.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1988

[Differentiation capabilities of human germ cell tumors].

It is well known that human germ cell tumors are an excellent model to study not only differentiation capacity of tumor cells but also human normal somatic cell differentiation. A variety of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were developed against cell surface antigens of murine embryos and teratocarcinomas. Accumulated data has revealed that these antigens are sequentially expressed on embryonic cells in a well-programmed manner. They have also been shown to be useful markers to investigate somatic cell differentiation in fetal and adult tissue. In humans, however, little is known about the cellular differentiation mechanism in early embryos and whether they could be studied, i.e. whether they occur in human germ cell tumors. In present review, we discussed newly established monoclonal antibodies which were raised from human embryonal carcinoma cells. We have been studying differentiation capacity of human germ cell tumor cells by using these antibodies. Some of these antibodies clearly indicates their usefulness to specify the developmental stage of normal tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Statistics on operations at the Hara Genitourinary Hospital (1971-1986)].

Statistical analysis of the inpatients and operations in our department from April, 1971 to December, 1986 revealed a total of 4,984 operations. Operations on the prostate were the most frequent (1,088 cases), followed by operations on the bladder (991 cases), on the ureter (816 cases), and kidney (719 cases). Among the operations, the percentage of endourological surgery and that of open surgery was 20.5% and 79.5% during the three years from 1975 to 1977, but in the recent three years from 1984 to 1986, these percentages were 62.6% and 37.4%, respectively, the rates being completely inverted. This shows that new endourological surgery, such as PNL, TUL, is progressing rapidly these years.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1988

[Influence of a fosfomycin combination on the anti-tumor effect of CDDP].

To elucidate the influence of fosfomycin (FOM) on the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin (CDDP), experimental chemotherapy of CDDP with or without FOM was performed. A human lung cancer cell line, HLC-1 serially transplanted into nude mice was treated with CDDP 10 mg/kg (i.p.). Tumor doubling time in CDDP group and CDDP + FOM group are 26.78 +/- 6.3 days and 33.90 +/- 11.82 days respectively, and they are significantly elongated compared to control group. Serum NAG level in CDDP + FOM group was significantly lowered. Therefore, we concluded that anti-tumor effect of CDDP was not diminished by FOM combination.

Adenocarcinoma↗