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Biomedical subjects

S Cronberg

Publications and source records attributed to S Cronberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Protein C and hypertension.

Protein C antigen and amidolytic activity were assayed in 38 patients with essential hypertension at the first stage of disease. As compared to 20 normal healthy blood donors no abnormality was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Does administration of an aminoglycoside in a single daily dose affect its efficacy and toxicity?

Treatment efficacy, oto- and nephrotoxicity, and aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics were evaluated in a prospective, comparative, randomized clinical study of aminoglycosides given once a day or three times a day for severe infections. Sixty patients were treated with netilmicin or gentamicin 4.5 mg/kg bodyweight/day, either once a day or divided into three doses a day. The patients were allocated randomly to the different groups. The clinical effect was difficult to compare in the different groups, because of the small numbers of patients. Therapeutic failures were seen in seven patients (three after one and four after three doses per day). Two patients, one with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and one with streptococcal endocarditis, on netilmicin once daily and conventional high-dose therapy with a penicillin had positive blood cultures after five and seven days of treatment, respectively. Vestibular function and hearing acuity were examined by serial audiograms and electronystagmograms. In spite of extensive diagnostic evaluation, only two cases of ototoxicity were detected. One patient treated with gentamicin three times a day developed vertigo and a severe abnormality of her electronystagmogram. One young patient treated with gentamicin once daily had a slight bilateral reduction of hearing. Nephrotoxicity was mild and did not differ in the four treatment groups. This was the first investigation of a once-daily dosing regimen conducted in seriously ill patients with systemic infections. We could not demonstrate any evidence that aminoglycoside treatment once daily has greater oto- or nephrotoxicity than the traditional three times daily regimen.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1990

Simplified monitoring of aminoglycoside treatment.

Aminoglycosides are effective but toxic antibiotics. They are usually administered by repeated daily injections with the dosage adjusted according to twice-weakly monitoring of serum concentrations. A recent study involving 60 patients with severe infections proposed simplified administration and monitoring of aminoglycosides. The patients were randomly treated with either gentamicin or netilmicin given by once daily or thrice daily injections. No difference was found in efficacy or in toxicity between the various groups. In drugs excreted by glomerular filtration, the daily dose should be proportional to renal clearance. This we assessed by aminoglycoside clearance, calculated from trough and peak concentrations of the drug in serum. We also estimated creatinine clearance by a simple equation derived from the knowledge that the urinary excretion of creatinine is proportional to the muscle mass, decreasing with age. For women, creatinine clearance (ml/min) should be [150.age (years)].body weight (kg)/serum creatinine (mumol/l). For men less than 70 years, the figure 150 should be substituted by 170, and at 70 years or older, by 160. We used 51Cr-EDTA clearance as an independent arbiter to decide which mode was best suited for monitoring aminoglycoside therapy. The results showed that estimated creatinine clearance corresponded better to 51Cr-EDTA clearance than did aminoglycoside clearance based on assay of serum concentrations (correlation coefficients for patients with single-dose treatment 0.81 vs. 0.72). In the study we monitored aminoglycoside treatment in the conventional manner according to the patient's weight and adjusted the dose after assay of the drug's serum concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Low specificity of the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in patients with erysipelas of the leg.

The 125I-fibrinogen test was evaluated as a diagnostic tool for deep vein thrombosis in patients with erysipelas. In the investigated group of 43 patients, several showed an increased uptake that could not be verified by subsequent phlebography. The false positive test may have been caused by the local inflammatory process. The 125I-fibrinogen test seems to be too unspecific to be used for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis in this patient group.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Frequency of thromboembolic complications in patients with acute pneumonia and pyelonephritis.

Infectious complications increase the risk of postoperative thromboembolism. In order to assess the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in acute infections not associated with surgery, 36 patients with acute pneumonia or pyelonephritis were evaluated regarding development of DVT with the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test with confirmative phlebography. 1/15 patients with pyelonephritis and 1/21 patients with pneumonia developed DVT. No fatal pulmonary embolism was seen. The frequency of DVT was thus 6%. This low figure may be due to early mobilization of the patients and does not motivate routine anticoagulant prophylaxis against thromboembolic complications in patients with acute infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Prevention of recurrent acute cystitis by methenamine hippurate: double blind controlled crossover long term study.

In a randomised, double blind, long term, crossover study 1 g twice daily of methenamine hippurate was compared with placebo for its preventive effect on recurrent attacks of acute cystitis. Methenamine hippurate and placebo were interchanged every six months for two years. During one of the years patients took 250 ml extra fluid every morning and evening. Out of 21 enrolled patients, 14 completed the first year and 13 both years of treatment, which permitted the evaluation of 27 patient years. There were 52 episodes of acute cystitis caused by reinfection: 41 occurred during placebo treatment and only 11 during the methenamine hippurate regimen (p less than 0.01). Extra fluid intake did not reduce the incidence of acute cystitis, nor did it reduce the effect of methenamine hippurate. Methenamine hippurate is an effective prophylactic agent against recurrent acute cystitis and has the advantage of not inducing cross resistance to conventional antibiotics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

NonHodgkin's lymphoma of the female urethra.

A 63-year-old woman presented with a massive proliferative growth in the urethral region. Fine needle aspiration and biopsy revealed nonHodgkin's lymphoma. No other tumor localization was found and complete remission occurred after 3 courses of chemotherapy. Primary localization of a lymphoma to the urethra is rare.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Apolipoprotein B and platelet function in diabetes mellitus.

Serum levels of apolipoprotein B were measured, and investigations of the platelet function were carried out in 32 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and in 34 healthy controls similar in age. Mean serum levels of apolipoprotein B were 1.51 g/l in the diabetic patients and 1.18 g/l in the control group, and this difference was significant. In the diabetic patients a secondary wave of aggregation was more easily induced by low concentrations of adenosine diphosphate or adrenaline. It was also possible to induce 50% of maximal aggregation by lower concentrations of adenosine diphosphate or arachidonic acid in these patients, and their number of circulating platelet aggregates increased. Plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 were raised and, in the presence of N-ethyl maleimide, platelets from diabetic patients produced significantly more malondialdehyde than those from normal controls. The relationship between increased serum levels of apolipoprotein B and platelet hyperreactivity may be more than accidental and should be studied further to elucidate its possible implication with platelet function and atherogenesis.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between platelet aggregation and plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels in arterio-vascular and renal diseases.

The incidence of second wave of platelet aggregation induced by a small dose of ADP (1 mumol/l) was compared with plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin in 81 normal individuals, 34 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 11 patients with acute cerebrovascular disease and 26 patients with renal disease. Platelet hyperaggregability was observed in 7% of normal individuals. Plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin were higher in normal individuals over 60 years of age (48 vs. 32 micrograms/l). In contrast, hyperaggregability was observed in 79% of patients with acute myocardial infarction and in 64% of those with acute cerebrovascular disease. Median plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin were also significantly elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (82 micrograms/ml) or acute cerebrovascular disease (99 micrograms/l). Levels of beta-thromboglobulin in plasma were significantly higher in those patients who demonstrated hyperaggregability. In patients with renal disease only 12% had signs of hyperaggregability. Nevertheless their plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin were elevated (76 micrograms/l) and correlated with the serum creatinine values. These investigations indicate that patients with acute myocardial infarction or stroke have hyperreactive platelets and evidence of increased platelet inactivation in the circulation. However, evaluation of increased levels of beta-thromboglobulin requires consideration of renal function.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1985

ADP-induced platelet aggregation in young female survivors of acute myocardial infarction and their female controls.

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation was studied in 35 young female survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 14-46 (median 30) months after the infarction. The results were compared to those obtained for 35 control females of comparable age. Five different final ADP concentrations (0.2-1.0 microM) were employed, and the object was to assess the slope for the primary wave of aggregation as well as the threshold ADP concentration for secondary aggregation. The results showed that AMI patients and control subjects did not differ with respect to the primary wave of aggregation. However, secondary platelet aggregation was recorded to a significantly higher extent (p less than 0.02) in AMI patients than in their controls. The results therefore support the concept that enhanced platelet reactivity is present in patients with documented ischemic heart disease.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Effect on platelet aggregation of oral administration of 10 non-steroidal analgesics to humans.

Platelet aggregation was investigated in platelet-rich plasma from normal volunteers before and at various times after intake of 10 analgesic drugs. The drugs used were aspirin, piroxicam, naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, diflunisal, paracetamol and oxyphenbutazone. Aggregation of the platelets was induced by adrenaline or ADP and the first and second waves of aggregation were evaluated. It was found that no drug exerted any effect on the first wave of aggregation. The second wave of aggregation was abolished by aspirin that produced a long-lasting effect for 5-8 d. Piroxicam also abolished the second wave of aggregation and this effect persisted on the 2 following d. Naproxen was normalized in half of the volunteers on the 2nd d. The inhibition caused by indomethacin and diclofenac was corrected on the 2nd d. Ibuprofen and diflunisal produced a definite but short-term effect. The effect of salicylic acid was weak. Paracematol and oxyphenbutazone did not affect platelet aggregation.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1984

Hepatitis D (delta agent) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and liver disease in Senegal.

A total of 308 individuals belonging to ten different ethnic groups in Senegal were investigated. They suffered from primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and other liver diseases, or were healthy controls. Their sera were investigated for the presence of markers of infection with hepatitis B and D (delta agent) virus. Out of 130 clinically diagnosed patients with PHC, 88 had alpha-fetoprotein levels above 100 micrograms/l, supporting the diagnosis. After clinical examination, 133 subjects were considered to be healthy or to have a liver disease other than PHC. Among these, 83 (31 clinically healthy and 52 with liver disease) had alpha-foetoprotein less than 15 micrograms/l and were therefore considered not to have PHC. Out of the 88 patients with definite PHC, 74% were positive for HBsAg, whereas out of the 83 subjects without PHC, 50% of those with other liver disease and 26% of the healthy controls were positive. Anti-delta was present in 21% of the patients with or without PHC. It was found in nine different ethnic groups in the country. The present data confirm that HBV is related to the etiology of PHC. The present investigation showed a high prevalence of delta antibodies in patients with PHC, but against the role of hepatitis D infection in the evolution of malignancy is the fact that it was equally common in chronic liver disease without evidence of carcinoma.

Adult↗