Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Cronberg

Publications and source records attributed to S Cronberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Fewer bacterial relapses after oral treatment with norfloxacin than with ceftibuten in acute pyelonephritis initially treated with intravenous cefuroxime.

This double-blind, multicentre study was performed at nine centres on a total of 171 patients who presented with fever (> 38.5 degrees C) and signs of acute pyelonephritis. All were initially treated with intravenous cefuroxime. After 2-3 d, when the fever had subsided and urinary culture had revealed growth of Gram-negative bacteria ( > 10(7) colony-forming units per litre), treatment was changed to oral administration of ceftibuten 200 mg b.i.d. or norfloxacin 400 mg b.i.d. for 10 d. The patients were followed for signs of bacterial or clinical relapse 7-14 d after the end of treatment. The initial clinical and bacteriological cure was excellent in both groups, but there were significantly fewer bacterial relapses after oral treatment with norfloxacin than with ceftibuten in acute febrile pyelonephritis initially treated with intravenous cefuroxime. The causal strain was eradicated in 75% of patients (73% of males, 76% of females) in the ceftibuten group and in 89% of patients (94% of males, 85% of females) in the norfloxacin group. The relative frequency of eradication was 0.84 (p < 0.05; 95%, confidence interval 0.74-0.97). Adverse events were reported by 47% of the patients in the ceftibuten group and by 38% in the norfloxacin group. This difference was not significant, but diarrhoea or loose stools occurred more frequently in the ceftibuten group.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Vicar's daughter died of cholera after drinking salt sea water].

In 1850 a vicar's daughter wanted to cure her lymphadenitis by health sea baths and drinking strengthening salt sea water. In the morning of the eleventh of August she took a bath and emptied three glass of salt sea water. At about 3 hours P.M. she fell ill with intensive watery diarrhoea and died on the following morning at 8 o'clock. Within one month 9 per cent of the population in the port of Malmo fell ill with cholera which killed every third of those affected. Necropsies were performed on some cases but did not reveal any remarkable changes. At the same time cholera attacked Lubeck and other ports of the Baltic sea. The sudden onset and the failure of quarantine precautions suggested intoxication of miasmic orgin. Thus the Swedish Medical Health authorities concluded that the disease was caused by atmospheric and telluric disturbances. Representatives of the Church opposed and considered that the disease was contagious. In 1883 Robert Koch discovered the cholera vibrion. Since then cholera has been considered as an intestinal infection. Cholera was supposed to affect only man, because it was not possible to transfer it to animals. Max von Pettenkofer disapproved the idea of contagiosity. He ingested cholera vibrions without falling ill. Recent findings have confirmed that there is need for at least one hundred billion of vibrions to cause clinical symptoms, whereas only 25 microgram of the toxin is required to produce intensive diarrhoea. Unlike true enteric bacteria, the cholera vibrions prefer aerobic conditions. They do not invade the tissues, and unlike dysentery, cholera disease does not induce inflammatory reactions. In 1855 John Snow proved that cholera was spread by water. All cholera outbreaks in Sweden have been associated with sea ports or inland seaways. Recent investigations have revealed that cholera vibrions are free-living planktonic organisms in sea water in many parts of the world. Human activities may help to spread the vibrions. Man is attacked by their toxin, but the infection takes place in the sea water rather than in the human gut. This is well illustrated by the present sad case report which was described without comments in the contemporary official medical report.

Balneology↗
PubMed1995

Influence of teniposide on platelet functions in vitro.

Teniposide added to citrated platelet-rich plasma reduced platelet aggregation induced by collagen, but did not interfere with ADP-induced aggregation. The availability of platelet factor 3 was decreased irrespective of inducer. Reptilase clot retraction induced by ADP or collagen was reduced. Teniposide did not interfere with platelet adhesion to glass. It did not release lactic dehydrogenase from the cytoplasm of platelets. Coagulation factors were not affected.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1995

Ampicillin plus mecillinam vs. cefotaxime/cefadroxil treatment of patients with severe pneumonia or pyelonephritis: a double-blind multicentre study evaluated by intention-to-treat analysis.

In this double-blind multicentre study, using the intention-to-treat approach, a total of 293 patients with fever (> or = 38.5 degrees C), symptoms of sepsis and signs of pneumonia or pyelonephritis were randomly assigned to treatment with ampicillin and mecillinam (A+M) or cefotaxime followed by cefadroxil. In the febrile phase, treatment was given intravenously twice daily, either with 1,200 mg ampicillin together with 600 mg mecillinam or with 2 g cefotaxime alone. When the patients stayed afebrile, the intravenous administration was replaced by oral treatment twice daily for 14 days, either with 500 mg pivampicillin and 400 mg pivmecillinam or 1 g cefadroxil. In the A+M group, 33% (48/144) of the patients did not complete the full course of treatment as compared with 32% (47/149) in the cephalosporin group, the reasons being treatment failure in 27 and 29, respectively, or adverse effects (n = 16 in both groups). The median duration of fever was 47 h in the A + M group and 50 h in the cephalosporin group. Of 135 patients with pneumonia, 68% were completely cured in the A + M group, and 65% in the cephalosporin group, the main reasons for treatment failure being Mycoplasma pneumonia or ornithosis. Of 136 patients with pyelonephritis, 63% were cured in each group. The main reason for failure was bacteriological relapse. Side-effects were reported by 32 patients (22%) of the A+M group, as compared with 41 (28%) of the cephalosporin group. Epigastric complaints were equally frequent in both groups, but there was a tendency for a higher frequency of exanthema in the A+M group, and for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and fungal superinfections in the cephalosporin group.

Amdinocillin↗
PubMed1994

Simplified monitoring of aminoglycosides.

For many years it has been standard practice to give aminoglycosides in divided daily doses monitored by serum aminoglycoside assays. Recent experience indicates that aminoglycosides can be given as a single daily dose with equal or better efficacy and equal or less toxicity. The single-daily dose regimen is both cheaper and more convenient. Recommended serum aminoglycoside concentrations immediately before the next dose, or 8 h later, vary according to whether a single daily dose or divided dose schedule is used. This is seldom realized in practice. Estimated creatinine clearance enables better prediction of the daily dose than was formerly recognized, and is to be preferred. Earlier fears of giving aminoglycosides as a bolus intravenous injection have not been substantiated. After more than 40 years of use, we are beginning to learn how to monitor these potentially toxic drugs.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1993

The rise and fall of sexually transmitted diseases in Sweden.

Syphilis appeared in Sweden in 1497. It was recognized as a sexually transmitted disease that rapidly spread in the upper classes and later to the poor. It ravaged the country in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. At that time the concept of venereal disease included all sexually transmitted diseases. Preventive measures were introduced. They were based on information, medical intervention and elimination of risk factors. Registration of hospitalised patients was introduced in the eighteenth century. The highest incidence of syphilis occurred during the First World War. In the last decade the incidence of sexually transmitted disorders has abruptly decreased. Thus the yearly incidence of gonorrhoea has decreased from 40,000 to 500 cases. The law demands contact tracing with obligatory testing. People who deliberately expose others to risk may be condemned to isolation for an unrestricted time. This legislation has probably contributed less to the successful containment than the fact that information on aids and sexually transmitted diseases has reached all the population, and made it aware of the risks and produced changed behaviour, especially among prostitutes, homosexual men and drug addicts.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

[Refugees at Malmö Epidemic Hospital in 1945].

In 1945, 423 refugees were admitted because of contagious disease at Malmö Epidemic Hospital. Of these refugees 159 men and 167 women arrived from the German concentration camps in Ravensbrück, Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, Neuengamme and others. Others arrived in a boat destined to be sunk when peace came and the crew changed mind, letting the boat board at Malmö harbour. Thus life was saved to more than 95% of its passengers. Of the refugees 31% came from Poland, 24% from Scandinavian countries, 12% from Benelux and 10% from France. Louse-borne typhus was the most frequent diagnosis that occurred in 35%. Other common disorders were diphtheria, scarlet fever, enteric fever and tuberculosis. Almost all prisoners from concentration camps were malnourished and had sustained severe cruelty. Most of them recovered rapidly when given food and vitamins.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1992

Prediction of creatinine clearance by several methods in patients with severe infections.

Since almost all urinary creatinine is derived from the muscle mass, the amount of creatinine in the urine will be proportional to muscle mass, and it will show an almost constant decrease with age. A simple equation for estimating creatinine clearance has been derived. For women the creatinine clearance (ml.min-1) was [150-(years)].body weight (kg)/serum creatinine (mumol.l-1). For men less than 70 years it was [170-age (years)].body weight (kg)/serum creatinine (mumol/l) and for men greater than or equal to 70 years it was [160-age (years)].body weight (kg)/serum creatinine (mumol/l). The prediction was quite simple when laboratory results were given in SI units. A simple nomogram was devised for easy estimation of the creatinine clearance in individual patients according to the age, sex and weight. Predicted values according to our equations were compared with those derived from other formulae in 54 patients with severe infections treated with aminoglycosides. No major differences were found, but the new method seemed more convenient.

Adolescent↗