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Biomedical subjects

S Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to S Adachi.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Diagnosis of invasion to thoracic aorta and superior vena cava in lung cancer; comparative studies on CT and MRI in resected or autopsied cases].

The diagnostic accuracy of invasion to the thoracic aorta (n = 23) and the superior vena cava (n = 22) on CT and MRI was compared to operative or autopsied finding in lung cancer. MRI was slightly superior to CT in its ability to diagnose tumor invasion to them. It is noteworthy that this invasion could be easily demonstrated by multiplanar MRI. In conclusion, because CT or MRI has diagnostic weak point respectively, these modalities should be combined adequately corresponding to the areas of tumor invasion.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1989

The effects of pressure on oxygen and carbon monoxide binding kinetics for myoglobin. A high pressure laser flash photolysis study.

The milli-, micro-, and nanosecond rebinding kinetics of oxygen and carbon monoxide with myoglobin (Mb) from sperm whale, horse, and dog were studied as a function of pressure up to 2 kbar by means of a high pressure laser photolysis apparatus. The results were analyzed quantitatively in terms of a three-step reaction scheme, and activation volumes (delta V not equal to) for each step were determined from the pressure dependence of the rate constants. In the case of CO binding to Mb, the overall reaction volume delta V not equal to was negative, resulting from the rate-determining bond formation step. Activation volumes for O2 to the iron binding step as well as for the O2 diffusion step within the protein matrix were quite different among three Mb species, and it was suggested that activation volumes are very sensitive to the amino acid constituents around the ligand path channel.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Direct inhibitory synaptic connections of pontine omnipause neurons with burst neurons in Forel's field H related to vertical saccades in the cat.

This study investigated synaptic connections of omnipause neurons (OPNs) in the midline pontine tegmentum with medium-lead burst neurons (BNs) in Forel's field H (FFH), using the spike-triggered averaging technique in chronically prepared alert cats. OPNs were identified behaviorally by tonic firing during the intersaccadic period, whereas medium-lead BNs were identified by spike bursts during upward or downward saccades. A positive shift of field potential in the BN area, associated with suppression of the BNs' bursts, was observed during tonic firing of OPNs and during microstimulation in the OPN area. Averaging of BN area field potentials triggered by spikes of single OPNs on both sides, which were antidromically evoked from the BN area, revealed positive waves with monosynaptic latencies. These results strongly suggest that OPNs on both sides make direct inhibitory synaptic connections with vertical eye movement-related medium-lead BNs in the FFH.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1989

Effect of the distal histidine modification (Cyanation) of myoglobin on the ligand binding kinetics and the heme environmental structures.

The kinetics of carbon monoxide (CO) binding to myoglobin (Mb) modified at the distal histidine (His) by cyanogen bromide (BrCN) has been studied. The CO association and dissociation rates of BrCN-modified Mb were obtained as 1.8 x 10(3) M-1 s-1 and 0.13 s-1, respectively (20 degrees C and pH 7.0). Thermodynamic parameters were obtained as well. These values are notable, compared with those for other hemoproteins, the slowest association and the fastest dissociation rates among various hemoproteins examined so far. On the basis of the available structural data obtained from the absorption, 1H NMR, and IR spectral measurements, these unique kinetic and thermodynamic properties were reasonably explained in terms of the steric restriction at the modified distal side.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[MR imaging in the assessment of lung cancer patients: primary lung cancer staging, evaluation of therapeutic effect and diagnosis of recurrent tumor].

Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were compared in a prospective study of 137 lung cancer patients proved by surgery or autopsy for determining the staging, evaluation of therapeutic effect and diagnosis of recurrent tumor. 1. Lung cancer staging In peripheral lung cancer, T1 and T2 relaxation times of the tumors before operation have some correlation with those of operated specimens. These relaxation times, however, are of limited nodule characterization. Hilar mass and adjacent pulmonary consolidation (obstructive pneumonia or collapse) can be distinguished on T2-weighted image (77%) and Gd-DTPA enhanced image (80%). Therefore these images help in distinguishing tumor from peripheral lung disease. In the diagnosis of tumor invasion to the heart and great vessels, MRI is superior to CT because MRI can be helpful in distinguishing true mass from heart and great vessels. As for the chest wall, MRI is more useful than CT in detecting tumor invasion especially to the thoracic inlet and superior regions. In the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy, MRI is equivalent or slightly inferior to CT, but MRI can easily demonstrate the lymphadenopathy at subcarinal region on coronal image. 2. Evaluation of therapeutic effect in lung cancer patients treated by radiation and chemotherapy MRI patterns of therapeutic effect was divided into 3 types. It is suggested that there is some correlation between these patterns and histologic types. MRI can easily demonstrate necrotic area on T2-weighted and Gd-DTPA enhanced images. 3. Diagnosis of recurrent tumor in treated lung cancer Concerning detecting recurrent tumor after surgery or irradiation, and delineating tumor from radiation pneumonitis, T2-weighted and Gd-DTPA enhanced images are of clinical value.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Calcium-dependent dynamic changes in the subcellular distribution of calmodulin in frog spinal cells.

Calcium-dependent changes in the subcellular distribution of calmodulin (CaM) were investigated using isolated intraarterially perfused frog spinal cords. Perfusion with quin2-tetraacetoxymethyl ester (Q2-AM), an intracellular Ca2+-chelator, increased soluble CaM, measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), with a concomitant decrease in particulate CaM. By contrast, in synaptosomes, Q2-AM increased soluble CaM and total CaM but not particulate CaM. These results suggest that intracellular Ca2+ controls the binding of CaM to membranes in spinal cells.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed1989

Single-crystal EPR study of novel azide complex of cyanogen bromide-modified myoglobin. Influence of specific modification of the heme distal histidyl residue on the ligand-binding structure.

Stable azide complex of cyanogen bromide-modified met-myoglobin (metMb) was prepared and crystallized. The principal values and eigen vectors of g-tensor were determined by single-crystal EPR spectroscopy at 77 K: gxx = 1.50, gyy = 2.32, and gzz = 2.91. These g values were similar to those of tetrazole derivative rather than azide derivative of native metMbs, suggesting that tetrazole derivative might be formed from N-cyanoimidazole of distal histidyl residue via nucleophilic attack of azide ion by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The orientation of the maximal g value (gzz) of the novel product was found to deviate about 13 degrees from the heme normal of native aquometMb. Thus, the orientation of the heme plane might be altered in passing from native metMb to cyanogen bromide-mediated metmyoglobin. The present EPR results demonstrated that the modification of the histidyl residue at the heme distal side causes the changes in the stereochemical and electronic natures of the ligand binding to the heme.

Azides↗
PubMed1989

[Immunotherapy by polyvalent bacterial antigen (Broncasma Berna) in the prevention of pneumonia in the elderly].

Pneumonia in the elderly often occurs repeatedly, and the mortality rate from pneumonia continues to remain high today despite the usual use of antibacterial chemotherapy. Therefore, we conducted immunotherapy using a polyvalent bacterial vaccine (broncasma Berna). We treated 54 elderly patients with Broncasma Berna, containing chief bacterial pathogens responsible for pneumonia in the elderly. Clinical results obtained during 2 years were compared with those of 18 subjects not treated with Broncasma Berna. The survival rate was 64.8% for the group treated with Broncasma Berna and 50% for the group not treated. The frequency of contraction of pneumonia decreased significantly in the group treated. Clinical efficacy was obtained in 63% of the group treated to prevent pneumonia. The death rate from pneumonia was 17.6% for the group treated and 44.4% for the group not treated. Immunologically, reinforcement in humoral and cellular immunities was indicated by immunoglobulin values, positive tuberculin skin tests, and an increase in lymphocyte stimulation index values for Broncasma Berna. Significant pathogens in sputum disappeared or decreased in 6 (54.6%) out of 11 patients. Side effects such as pain or redness at the site of injection were observed in 6 patients. From the above results, it may be concluded that Broncasma Berna can be considered to be effective as a long-term immunoprophylactic agent in the prevention of pneumonia in the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Computerised tomography in schizophrenia. Familial versus non-familial forms of illness.

Findings on CT and demographical or clinical data in 80 patients with DSM-III schizophrenia and 45 medical controls were evaluated. Multiple-discriminant analysis showed that the enlargement of the third ventricle and frontal and parietal atrophy could significantly predict the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Widening of Sylvian fissures and parietal atrophy differentiated familial schizophrenics of both horizontal transmission (who had affected siblings) and vertical transmission (who had affected parents or/and offspring) from non-familial patients. Parietal atrophy and a history of birth complications differentiated horizontal from vertical transmission. The CT findings together with some clinical characteristics could differentiate the three subgroups classified by the hereditary form; thus each of these subgroup may belong to a different disease entity, of a different pathophysiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Establishment and characterization of a subline predisposed to pulmonary metastasis from a human gestational choriocarcinoma cell line in nude mice.

A subline predisposed to pulmonary metastasis was successfully derived by repeating in vivo selection of GCH-1, a human gestational choriocarcinoma cell line, in nude mice. While the parent line GCH-1, transplanted subcutaneously to nude mice, induced pulmonary metastasis in a few of the host animals, the newly established subline GCH-1(m) successfully metastasized to the lungs in 100% of them. Compared with GCH-1, GCH-1(m) exhibited a higher degree of cell atypia, a lower capacity for cell growth and markedly higher productivity for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Another characteristic of this subline was its enhanced growth after the addition of a pulmonary extract obtained from nude mice. The relationship of these findings to the mechanisms of metastasis of this cancer was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Associations between jaw-opening muscle activity and craniofacial morphology.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between jaw-opening muscle activity and craniofacial morphology in a sample of 64 adults with skeletal Class I malocclusions. EMG recordings from the inferior head of the right lateral pterygoid and the anterior belly of the right digastric muscle were analyzed together with mandibular displacement data sampled simultaneously with a kinesiograph. Incisor separation at the rest position and the threshold mandibular rotation position which corresponded to the onset of muscle activity in response to a graduated mandibular rotation were identified. Incisor separation was converted to a mandibular angle on lateral cephalograms. Anatomic points were digitized and sixteen traditional cephalometric variables were determined. The rest position angle did not correlate with the threshold angle for the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, but a significant correlation was identified with the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle. One canonical correlation (r = 0.741; p less than 0.01) was identified between the mandibular rotation and dentoskeletal variables. Negative loadings with lateral pterygoid muscle threshold and rest position angles were obtained. The corresponding dentoskeletal variables had a positive loading with mandibular plane angle, total and lower anterior face height and gonial angle and a negative loading with lower posterior face height. The results suggest a possible relationship between lateral pterygoid muscle activity at two specific mandibular positions and the resultant form and posture of the mandible.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1989

[A high risk group of hepatocellular carcinoma in man, with special reference to its clinical significance for the screening of early liver cancer. Gifu Study Group for Early Liver Cancer].

A high risk group of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was statistically established using multiple regression analysis of 331 cases with liver cirrhosis (LC), in which 78 cases later developed HCC. Highly contributing factors to hepatocarcinogenesis were found to be positive HBsAg, age, drinking history, sex (male), history of blood transfusion, history of acute hepatitis (or jaundice) and elevated plasma levels of alpha-fetoprotein. A prospective study was initiated in April, 1985 employing another 122 LC patients to clinically evaluate the significance of the high risk group of HCC. 28 cases with small HCC (less than 3 cm in diameter) were newly found: 4 with chronic hepatitis and 24 with LC, among whom 22 developed from the high risk group (sensitivity 92%, specificity 44%). Three year survival rate of 28 cases thus found was 56%, and causes of death of 9 fatal patients were 4 cancer death, 4 hepatic failure and 1 gastrointestinal bleeding. In conclusion, the high risk group is valuable for the screening of early liver cancers, and treatments of hepatic failure as well as of HCC itself are important to improve the prognosis of HCC patients thus diagnosed.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1989

[Study of the mechanism of tumor marker CA125 in serum].

Ascites fluid, chest effusion, cyst fluid, and serum mainly obtained from malignant-ovarian-cancer patients were applied to quantitate the concentration of the tumor marker CA125. The same procedure was also performed for ascites, cyst fluid, and serum mainly obtained from benign-ovarian-tumor patients. To know how CA125 proceeds from tumor cells into the circulation, a CA125-producing, ovarian-cancer-cell line (SHIN-3) was transplanted sub-cutaneously into nude mice. Then the relationship between the grown tumor size and CA125 concentration in serum was analyzed and the histo-pathological background was also evaluated. Quantitative analysis of the ascites and cyst fluid showed no remarkable difference between the malignant-tumor patients and benign ones: however, the CA125 concentration in serum of malignant-tumor patients was up to 90 times higher than in benign ones. The proceeding ratio of CA125 in its productive site (cyst fluid, for example) to that in the serum of patients with malignant lesions was 24 times as high as with benign lesions. No relationship between tumor sizes and the CA125 concentration in serum in nude mice was observed. And in the mice which had high CA125 in serum, the capsules around the tumor tended to be destroyed and vessel infiltration by tumor cells was remarkable.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Case of skeletal open bite treated with orthognathic surgery, with special reference to morphological and functional analysis of the tongue].

Malfunction and abnormal posture of the tongue has been thought to be one of etiological factors for skeletal open-bite at length. In this study, an adult female patient with anterior open-bite is reported, who has been treated by means of posterior maxillary osteotomy and has obtained a good occlusion and profile, which is stable throughout the retention period. Electromyography was obtained from the tongue muscles by surface electrodes and the tongue muscle activity during deglutition was measured before and after surgery. The tongue posture was also analyzed on the basis of the roentgen cephalogram with the mandible at the rest position. Larger tongue muscle activities during swallowing was revealed compared to the control subjects. In addition, anteriorly and superiorly positioned tongue was seen in the initial stage. The amplitudes of the tongue muscle had decreased and tongue posture had shifted posteriorly and inferiorly following surgery, which approximated to the those observed in the control subjects. These improvements of the abnormal activity and posture of the tongue and the stability of occlusion after surgery confirmed that posterior maxillary osteotomy is an effective surgical operation for the anterior open-bite patients in terms of prognosis.

Adolescent↗