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Biomedical subjects

R Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to R Wilson.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Immunoglobulin G from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis brain as an immunological reagent.

Proteins were extracted at pH 2.5 from carefully washed brain homogenates of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Immunoglobulin G was isolated from the extracts by gel filtration and immunoadsorbent chromatography and was 125I radioiodinated. The labeled immunoglobulin G was reacted with purified measles virus antigens by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and utilized to identify antigens in measles-infected cell cultures and hamster brain tissue subjected to treatment corresponding to that used for elution of immunoglobulin G. The method described is useful in identifying the specific nature of antibodies as well as antigens in tissue-associated immune complexes.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Kidney tumors induced in rats by the antischistosomal drug niridazole.

An increased incidence of kidney tumors was found in MRC rats fed the antischistosomal drug niridazole at four dose levels in the diet. Histologically, the adenomas and adenocarcinomas were solid papillary, clear cell, and tubular types, with the latter type predominating. Seven mesenchymal tumors were found among the 107 renal epithelial neoplasms. Severe nephrosclerosis occurred in both treated and control rats and has been suggested as important in renal carcinogenesis. Niridazole is considered a potent inducer of epithelial kidney tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Immunoglobulin genes in DNA restriction fragments.

We have investigated the organization of immunoglobulin genes in mice. High molecular weight DNA from myelomas and Krebs ascites cells was cleaved with EcoRI restriction endonuclease and fractionated using preparative agarose gel electrophoresis. Each fraction was then hybridized to an immunoglobulin mRNA or a cDNA transcribed from the mRNA. In two series of experiments, one with a kappa chain probe (MOPC 41 mRNA), the other with a lambda chain probe (SAPC 178 mRNA), we analyzed a variety of myeloma DNAs and Krebs DNA. In contrast to previously reported findings (Tonegawa, S., et al. (1976) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41, 877), we did not observe any unique restriction map pattern in the DNA from cells which exress a given immunoglobulin gene. We also found that restriction fragments containing c region genes do not appear to transpose, while DNA sequences corresponding to other portions of the kappa and lambda mRNAs do in some cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

House dust mite hyposensitization.

A double-blind controlled trial of house dust mite hyposensitization was carried out in 14 patients with asthma, who were hypersensitive on skin testing to the house dust mite alone. Measurements were made, using a Wright's peak flowmeter, during the 15-month trial period. Precautions were taken in the home to reduce the mite population. At the end of the trial, no clinical improvement was noted subjectively or objectively, despite a reduced bronchial sensitivity to allergen in the treated group. The role of the house dust mite as a cause of asthma is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The microcirculation in two transplantable melanomas of the hamster. I. In vivo observations in transparent chambers.

Twenty-eight transparent chambers were inserted into the cheek pouches of hamsters and daily serial observations made of the changing vasculature of transplants of 2 varieties (A-Mel-4B32, ZGYP1) of amelanotic melanomas. The tumor A-Mel-4B32 grew at a rate which covered 50% of the viewing area in 3--4 days, while the tumor ZGYP1 covered less than 10% of the viewing area at this time and did not cover 50% of the viewing area until 9.5 days after transplantation. The difference in growth rate was not reflected in any differences in the morphology of the vascular network and distribution of the venous arcades.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The microcirculation in two transplantable melanomas of the hamster. II. Scanning electron microscopy.

Normal and tumor vessels observed in vivo on the hamster cheek pouch membrane in transparent chambers were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Large, thin walled veins were found in the reactive zone around the 2 amelanotic melanomas of the hamster. Sinusoidal vessels and channels contained red cells, which did not possess any vascular wall, were seen in the main substance of the tumors. In this system all the vessels within the central mass of the tumor transplant comprise newly formed vessels. The surfaces of the tumor cells and the lining of the tumor vessels were examined by this technique. The biological history i.e., age of the vessel and location from the growing edge of the tumor, were known. The surface of the tumor cells on cut section differed in appearance from the areolar tissue of the pouch membrane. Scanning electron microscopy of the inner aspect of newly formed tumor vessels permits much greater sampling of the tissue than transmission electron microscopy and further work should reveal aspects of the interaction of the blood with tumor stroma.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A longitudinal study of T and B lymphocytes from a three-year-old patient with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in 'gnotobiotic protection'.

Fluctuations in the percentages and absolute numbers of T and B lymphocytes were observed in the peripheral blood of a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency maintained in a gnotobiotic environment. Up to 24 months of age, 72-86% of the lymphocytes had surface membrane immunoglobulin (SMIg), 37-47% bore a receptor for C3(EAC-RFC), and 3-12.5% formed spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E-RFC). These values persisted until 30 months, after which shifts in the percentages and absolute numbers of T and B cells were observed. A significant decrease in the proportion of SMIg-bearing cells to 20-40% (169-405 mm3), and EAC-RFC to 10.5-39% (114-259 mm3), was accompanied by a general increase in the proportion of T cells to 19-60% (141-1026 mm3), representing a lymphoid subpopulation approach to normal levels.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1978

Death on Denali.

Between 1903 and 1975 about 1 percent of climbers on Mount McKinley (Denali) and Mount Foraker in Alaska died. In 1976 a total of ten (1.7 percent) of 587 mountaineers died, but this rate of death was not significantly higher than previously. Nineteen percent of climbers in 1976 suffered major or minor injuries, illness or death. Acute mountain sickness (AMS), frostbite and fractures were common. Thirty-three rescues or retrievals of bodies were mounted at a cost of more than $82,000. Inexperience (particularly with arctic mountaineering), poor leadership, faulty equipment and undue reliance on rescue by helicopter contributed to the alarming incidence of accident, illness and death on big peaks in Mount McKinley National Park in 1976.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Physiologic effect of a dietary regimen rich in soy proteins in man].

The increasing availability of palatable soya bean protein materials for use in human foods raises the question of possible effects on the health and well-being of the consumer. On the basis of available evidence, no unfavourable effects are to be expected, but apart from nitrogen balance investigations, systematic human experiments with these novel foods are scarce. Therefore, we carried out a large-scale experiment covering many physiological and health aspects. Two diets were compared in 4 + 4 weeks cross-over design with 92 healthy volunteers. One diet contained a wide variety of soya protein foods (test diet), about 25% of the protein intake being from soya, the other (control) diet contained similar products made from conventional protein sources. The diets were given in two identical menu cycles. Blood, urine and feces were sampled at the end of each period. Health status and subjective reactions were monitored throughout. About 90 out of the more than 100 parameters investigated did not show any difference. Statistically significant reactions to the diet composition were found in the following areas: of the blood serum enzymes, alkaline phosphatase was higher after consumption of the test diet, while serum inorganic phosphate showed a decrease. The higher magnesium content of the soya protein materials was reflected by an increase in fecal excretion, and in serum levels in the fed state. Fasting serum levels, however, were lower on the soya diet. Measurement of the intestinal noise indicated that more intestinal gas was produced on the test diet; this was confirmed by reports from the volunteers. Immunological tests showed that the females had increased IgA and soya specific IgE levels on the test diet, but no indications for allergenicity were found. All the mentioned effects were well within normal physiological ranges and do not indicate unfavourable trends. We conclude, that these results confirm the prevailing view that soya bean protein materials are acceptable ingredients for our daily food.

Dietary Proteins↗
PubMed1977

Chronic ectopic pregnancy: ultrasonic diagnosis.

The classical ultrasonic description of a chronic ectopic pregnancy is a slightly enlarged uterus with uniform internal echoes and no evidence of an intrauterine pregnancy, combined with an extrauterine semicystic mass, gestational sac, or fetal structures. It is our experience that the ultrasonographer more commonly finds a midline pelvic mass containing irregular echo patterns and cystic areas. The mass may also be associated with abdominal or pelvic fluid and obliteration of normal anatomical structures. We wish to emphasize these variations from the classical description with illustrations that demonstrate the differences in the ultrasonic presentation of chronic ectopic pregnancy.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1977

Temporal programming of chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA transcription in the synchronous cell cycle of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Approximately 90% of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast and cytoplasmic rRNAs was transcribed in the nuclear G1 phase, which occurred during the light period under an alternating light-dark synchronization regime of 12 h each. The remaining 10% of chloroplast and cytoplasmic rRNAs was transcribed from its respective DNAs in the dark period, in the midst of an apparent turnover of a transcription appeared to be prokaryotic in sophistication. The transcription was not interrupted during chloroplast DNA synthesis which occurred during the light period. However, transcription of the nuclear DNA was repressed severely during the nuclear S phase in the dark period. The patterns of incorporation of 32P into chloroplast and cytoplasmic rRNA species in the cell cycle were similar to those of the actual rRNA synthesis as measured optically. However, the quantity of 32P incorporation per unit amount of rRNA synthesized varied considerably during the cell cycle, increasing in all rRNA's during the dark period. 32P incorporation data obtained from continuous and pulse 32P-labeling experiments also revealed a turnover of a small amount of both cytoplasmic and chloroplast rRNAs at the end of the S phase. The 32P incorporation into cytoplasmic and chloroplast rRNAs was well matched temporally with the 32P incorporation into their corresponding ribosomes, indicating that the newly synthesized rRNA molecules are utilized without delay throughout the cell cycle in the assembly of ribosomes.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1977

Partial body calcium determination in bone by proton activation analysis.

The feasibility of a new method for in vivo regional bone calcium measurement has been studied in phantoms using the 160 MeV Harvard cyclotron, Advantages include the capability of measuring bone calcium directly directly in a well defined anatomical region (such as one or several vertebrae) and restriction of the dose to the immediate region of interest. Proton activation of 40Ca (97% natural abundance) produces radionuclide 38K. Its 2-17 MeV gamma ray (T 1/2 = 7-71 min) is detected by a NaI counter. Separation of this activity from room background and interfering nuclides, 14O and 34Clm, proceeds by decay curve analysis. Phantom studies showed the dependence of 38K activity to be highly linear with calcium content (r= 0-998). Non-linearities with dose did not appear below the 20 rad level. The precision of measurements on a phantom with two calf vertebrae exposed to 2-4 rad was 3% and was mostly limited by counting statistics. System reproducibility on phantoms given a high dose proved better than 0-5%.

Activation Analysis↗