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Biomedical subjects

R Warren

Publications and source records attributed to R Warren.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Behavior of venous thrombi: historical observations.

Charles White in 1784 first demonstrated that milk leg was not caused by retained milk or lochia but rather by obstructing clots in the veins. In 1847, Virchow observed that venous thrombi often migrated to the lungs. Workers since then have found that, in general, thrombi in veins and in pulmonary arteries tend to form large recanalizing channels, accompanied by the destruction of any valves that are present, but that those in arteries form only small "arteries of organization." On the other hand, observers have reported capricious instances of opposite behavior. Furthermore, fresh thrombi and emboli in both systems occasionally disappear in the early period after formation or lodgement. It is urged that we use the full potential of modern diagnostic and monitoring methods to procure more data on the details of intravascular clot behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Foreign-born emigration from the United States: 1960 to 1970.

This paper presents estimates of emigration of foreign-born persons by age and sex for 1960 to 1970, based on 1960 and 1970 census counts of the foreign-born population, adjusted life table survival rates, and annual statistics on alien immigration published by the Immigration and Naturalization Service. The effects of nativity bias are discussed. It is estimated that approximately 1,140,000 foreign-born persons emigrated between 1960 and 1970, of which 663,000, or 58%, were women and 477,000 were men. Almost one-quarter of the foreign-born emigrants were women 25-44 years of age in 1970. About 175,000 foreign-born persons 65 years and over in 1970 emigrated during the decade. The most significant finding, that more than one million foreign-born persons left the United States between 1960 and 1970, has important implications for U.S. immigration policy and for net immigration data used to estimate the population of the United States.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed1979

Adhesion of normal and sickle erythrocytes to endothelial monolayer cultures.

Experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that the differences between the surfaces of erythrocytes from normal and sickle cell patients are reflected in the degree of attachment to the capillary lining. An assay was used that measured the number of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes (normal or sickle) attaching to a monolayer of endothelium cultured from calf aortas. Under these conditions, erythrocytes from sickle cell patients adhered better to the endothelium than did those from normal patients. The results suggested that the enhanced adhesion of the sickle cells to the endothelium may be partially responsible for the increased blockage of capillaries that produce the symptoms in sickle cell anemia.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1979

Association between steroid hormone receptor status and disease-free interval in breast cancer.

The possibility of an association between steroid hormone receptor status and disease-free interval was examined in 292 patients with breast cancer. Estrogen receptor positivity was associated with a prolonged disease-free interval. This association was independent of age, menopausal status, tumor size, or nodal status. There was no association between the presence or absence of progesterone, androgen, or glucocorticoid receptor and disease-free interval.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The relation between estrogen receptors and response rate to cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.

In a retrospective study we determined the relation between estrogen receptors and the response rate to cytotoxic chemotherapy in 70 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Thirty-four of 45 patients with low or absent estrogen-receptor values (less than 10 fmol per milligram of cytoplasmic protein) had objective responses to chemotherapy, whereas only three of 25 patients with higher values (greater than 10 fmol per milligram of cytoplasmic protein) responded (P less than 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, menopausal status, disease-free interval, Karnofsky index or prior therapy. Differences in sites of involvement or type of chemotherapy did not account for the increased response rate in receptor-negative patients. We conclude that estrogen-receptor values are an important predictor of response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Spleen size and portal hypertension in cirrhosis.

In 210 patients with cirrhosis of the liver there was no correlation between spleen size and the rise in portal pressure, whether measured directly or assessed clinically from the size of varices on barium swallow and the presence of ascites. Despite this, there was a correlation between the occurrence of bleeding as a presenting symptom and the size of varices assessed radiologically.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1978

An evaluation of rational-emotive imagery as a component of rational-emotive therapy in the treatment of test anxiety.

This study evaluated the efficacy of rational-emotive imagery as a component of rational-emotive therapy in reduction of college students' test anxiety. 11 volunteers met for 6 1-hr. group treatment sessions over a 3-wk. period. After 2 initial treatment sessions subjects were randomly assigned to groups given either rational-emotive therapy with rational-emotive imagery or rational-emotive therapy without imagery. Contrary to predictions, improvement between groups on self-report and performance measures was nonsignificant. Failure to obtain differences was attributed to similarities in content of treatment sessions and short treatment time. Combined groups reported significant improvement on all dependent measures. Although the study did not yield the predicted benefits of the imagery, results lend further support to the efficacy of rational-emotive therapy procedures in the reduction of test anxiety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Incidence and pathophysiology of pulmonary edema in fulminant hepatic failure.

Thirty-seven of 100 consecutive patients with fulminant hepatic failure had clinical and radiological evidence of pulmonary edema. None of them had clinical evidence of left heart failure, and the pulmonary artery wedge pressure measured in 12 patients was normal. Similarly, there was no evidence to incriminate renal failure, endotoxemia, or hypoalbuminemia. However, there was a significantly higher incidence of pulmonary edema in patients with cerebral edema, suggesting either a central origin for the pulmonary edema or common factors predisposing to edema in both sites. An additional local factor may have been the presence of intrapulmonary vasodilatation. Detailed isotope studies in 11 patients showed a significantly increased pulmonary extravascular water volume in the patients with pulmonary edema which was in keeping with the severity of the radiological changes. Although the over-all mortality was higher in those patients with pulmonary edema than in those without, the difference was not significant, and early ventilation with positive and expiratory pressure achieved adequate oxygenation in all but 3 patients.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1978

Association between steroid hormone receptors and response rate to cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.

The influence of steroid hormone receptors on response rate to cytotoxic chemotherapy in 70 patients with metastatic breast cancer was determined in a retrospective study. We have previously reported that 34 of 45 patients with tumors containing low or absent estrogen-receptor values had objective responses to chemotherapy while three of 25 patients with positive estrogen-receptor tumors responded. In the present study, 22 of 34 patients with low or absent progesterone-receptor tumors had an objective response to cytotoxic chemotherapy, while none of eight patients with a positive progesterone-receptor tumor responded (P less than 0.05). Patients having tumors with a negative estrogen receptor and a negative progesterone receptor had a response rate of 88% (21 of 24 patients). There were three patients whose tumors were estrogen-receptor negative but progesterone-receptor positive; none had a response to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy response was not associated with the presence or absence of either androgen or glucocorticoid receptor. We conclude that progesterone-receptor values in addition to estrogen-receptor status may prove to be important correlates of response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. Androgen- and glucocorticoid-receptor analyses are not helpful in predicting response to chemotherapy.

Adult↗