Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Vogel

Publications and source records attributed to R Vogel.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Abnormal chromosome behavior in human oocytes which remained unfertilized during human in vitro fertilization.

Chromosomal abnormalities and abnormal embryonic development have previously been observed after human in vitro fertilization (IVF). Chromosomal abnormalities may arise not only after fertilization but even earlier during meiotic maturation of human oocytes in culture. Since chromosomal analysis is simple in oocytes during meiotic maturation, the chromosomal status was analyzed in oocytes which remained unfertilized in a human in vitro fertilization program. In 50 fertilization attempts the chromosomes of 62 unfertilized oocytes could be analyzed; 45 of them were in the process of meiotic maturation. In three oocytes two small polar bodies were observed 16-18 hr after insemination in the absence of fertilization. In one oocyte abnormal chromosome behavior was found during the first meiotic division, and in four oocytes during metaphase of the second meiotic division. These data suggest that chromosomal analysis of unfertilized oocytes in human IVF may improve the understanding human oocyte maturation and fertilization.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1985

Development and sister chromatid exchange of mouse morulae and blastocysts cultured in rat serum containing active metabolites of cyclophosphamide.

To establish an in vitro test system in which sera from animals treated with various chemicals can be tested for embryotoxic effects during the preimplantation period, mouse morulae and blastocysts were cultured in the presence of rat serum (RS) from animals which had been treated with cyclophosphamide (CPA). Development during in vitro culture for 96 h, cell number, chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) were the end-points tested in exposed embryos. SCE frequency was the most sensitive parameter, indicating embryotoxic effects in preimplantation mouse embryos after only 1 h of exposure to RS-CPA.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[In-vitro-fertilization: chromosome analysis of unfertilized human oocytes].

Chromosomal abnormalities and abnormal embryonic development have been observed after human in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Such investigations are not permitted according to the ethical guidelines approved by the IVF team in Berlin ("Berliner Modell"). However, the chromosomal status was studied in oocytes which remained unfertilised in a human IVF programme. In 50 fertilisation attempts the chromosomes of 62 oocytes could be analysed. 45 of the oocytes were in the process of meiotic maturation. One of these showed abnormalities in the first meiotic division and seven during the second meiotic division. After fertilisation in addition to normal embryos, all of which were transferred to the mother, three embryos were triploid and six oocytes were fragmented. The results prove that in human IVF chromosome abnormalities can occur in oocytes already before fertilisation. The importance of the results for later stages of embryonic development is discussed.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1985

Penetration of timolol eye drops into human aqueous humour: the first hour.

Samples of aqueous humour were removed from 26 eyes at the start of cataract extraction. Two drops of timolol 0.5% had been instilled into the conjunctival sac 12-71 minutes before operation. Analysis by gas chromatography showed a mean timolol concentration of 55.46 ng/mg, with a range of 8 to 100 ng/mg.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1985

Timolol and guanethidine plus adrenaline in combination in the treatment of chronic open angle glaucoma.

A four month study was conducted in patients with chronic open angle glaucoma to determine whether timolol and guanethidine plus adrenaline have an additive effect in lowering intraocular pressure. Thirty-five patients were assigned to four treatment sequences (timolol 0.25 per cent and 0.5 per cent supplemented with guanethidine 1 per cent plus adrenaline 0.2 per cent (Ganda 1.0/0.2) and vice-versa). There was a significant reduction in intraocular pressure after one month's combined therapy in three of the four treatment groups but this reduction was maintained in only one group (timolol 0.5 per cent with Ganda 1.0/0.2) after four months therapy. The results are discussed with particular reference to adrenergic influences on aqueous humour dynamics.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[The need and actually successful work-related rehabilitation measures for first-admission psychiatric patients].

Presented are the findings of a follow-up study of 258 psychiatric patients who had for the first time been admitted to inpatient psychiatric treatment in 1979. Using standardized forecasting instruments, the patients themselves, their treating physician, and a member of the care staff were asked to give their views of the patient's occupational outlook, his chances for resettlement, and the need for vocational rehabilitation services following discharge. The needs statements made at discharge are contrasted with the vocational and job-related rehabilitation measures actually initiated and carried out in the year following discharge; additionally, the patients' vocational situation at discharge is compared with their situation twelve months later, and the course of the rehabilitation measures provided is described. Along with the discrepancies between needs statements and amount of vocational rehabilitation services actually initiated and carried out, the empirical findings point to a non-specific, dispersive approach to providing rehabilitation services. The possible causes for this discrepancy between needs and service provision, with its rather serious implications, as well as the doubtful effectiveness of the rehabilitation services provided are discussed, practice-related consequences are outlined.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Combination of dacarbazine and doxorubicin in the treatment of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma.

The combination of dacarbazine and doxorubicin was given to 26 children with untreated rhabdomyosarcoma to determine its efficacy as front-line chemotherapy. A treatment course consisted of 250 mg/m2 of dacarbazine given iv on Days 1-5 and 60 mg/m2 of doxorubicin given iv on Day 1. After three courses of therapy, 17 patients (65%) achieved partial response and nine failed to respond. The side effects of treatment consisted of nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, neutropenia associated with fever, mucositis, and thrombocytopenia (rarely). Although the response rate is comparable to other drug combinations, the lack of complete responses to the combination indicates that it is less effective as front-line therapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

Opto-electronic patient positioning.

A microprocessor-system is described which utilizes videocameras and a digital image recorder in order to facilitate and to improve the accuracy of patient positioning in radiation therapy.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

[Familial stresses as a sequel of psychiatric diseases in a relative. Results of an interview with relatives].

The results of interviews with relatives of 179 patients committed to psychiatric treatment are reported. The relatives were interviewed in 1980, one year after discharge of the patient--who had been hospitalized for psychiatric problems for the first time--usually in the family setting. Our main interest was to investigate the concern of the relatives induced by the illness of a family member, and to take stock of the nature and extent of family stress at a relatively early stage of a psychiatric illness. We also wished to know what support the relatives had received, and from what sources, and from what other sources they would have wished such support. The results confirm what other investigators have suggested, i.e that community-centred care apparently leads to an increase in family stress, and that outpatient services and facilities have, to date, played a very minor role in overcoming the problems in the families of psychiatric patients.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1984

Norfloxacin, amoxycillin, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. A summary of 3-day and 7-day therapy studies in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

The results of clinical trials in which norfloxacin was used for 7 days compared with amoxycillin or cotrimoxazole, or for 3 days compared with citrated nalidixic acid, are presented. Additionally, the results of a concurrent open study of 3 days of norfloxacin in the management of simple urinary tract infections are discussed. Resistance to norfloxacin was only encountered in 0.2% of pathogens isolated. Norfloxacin was as effective in eradicating bacteriuria as amoxycillin, cotrimoxazole or citrated nalidixic acid. The response to 3 days of norfloxacin was similar to that seen after 7 days therapy with this compound, or to 7 days of cotrimoxazole. The incidence of adverse experiences to norfloxacin in 758 patients was below 10%.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1984

Norfloxacin versus cotrimoxazole in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections--a multi-centre trial.

One hundred and twenty-two patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections were treated with either 400 mg bd norfloxacin or 160/800 mg bd cotrimoxazole for 7 days. Follow-up examinations showed norfloxacin to be equally effective as cotrimoxazole in the eradication of bacteriuria and symptoms. Norfloxacin caused fewer and less severe side effects.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1984

Age and prognosis in neuroblastoma. Review of 112 patients younger than 2 years.

The results of 112 children with neuroblastoma treated at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1949 and 1980 were analyzed. Of these children, 58 were 0-11 months old and 54 were 12-23 months old and there was a median follow-up of 111 months. All 10 patients with Stage I are alive, 21/27 with Stages II and III (78%) are alive, 5/67 patients (7%) with Stage IV are alive, and 7/8 patients with Stage IVS are alive. Age of the children is an independent prognostic factor. The survival of infants with Stage IV is significantly better than it is for older children of the same stage. Two of 15 infants in Stages II and III died, both of early complications, whereas 4/12 older children with the same stages died. Minimal individualized treatment is recommended for children 0-11 months old who have localized and Stage IVS neuroblastoma. Children less than 1 year old with localized and Stage IVS neuroblastoma had an extremely good prognosis (90% survival) and were usually cured without intensive chemotherapy. Surgical removal of the primary tumor was sufficient for Stage I, and partial tumor removal followed by conservative radiation or chemotherapy was sufficient in most Stage II and III patients. Gentle, individualized treatment was adequate for Stage IVS. Children less than 1 with Stage IV neuroblastoma had a significantly better prognosis than older children of the same stage, but their prognosis was still poor (18% survival).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Count-based left ventricular volume determination utilizing a left posterior oblique view for attenuation correction.

This study aimed to determine the inherent error of the left ventricular volume measurement from the gated equilibrium blood pool scintigram utilizing the count-based technique. The study population consisted of 26 patients who had undergone biplane contrast ventriculography. The patients were imaged with a parallel-hole collimator in the left anterior oblique position showing the septum to best advantage. A reference blood sample was counted and radionuclide volumes calculated without correction for attenuation. Attenuation corrected volumes were derived with the factor 1/e-mud, where d = distance from skin marker to center of the left ventricle in the orthogonal left posterior oblique view and mu = linear attenuation coefficient. A series of mu values from 0.08 to 0.15 cm-1 was evaluated. There was a trend toward improvement in the r value and lowering of the SEE with attenuation correction. The tightest 95% confidence limits achieved for an end-diastolic 150-ml ventricle were +/- 44 ml, and for an end-systolic 75-ml ventricle +/- 32 ml. In view of the magnitude of inherent error, the count-based volume measurement may be more suitable for group analyses and in cases in which an individual patient serves as his own control.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Thallium-201 myocardial imaging during maximal and submaximal exercise: comparison of submaximal exercise with propranolol.

Propranolol is an effective drug for patients with angina and has been shown to favorably alter exercise ejection fraction and myocardial perfusion images in patients with coronary disease. A characteristic effect of propranolol is reduction in exercise heart rate (HR). Twenty men with coronary disease (10 with prior infarction), angina-limited exercise tests, abnormal myocardial blood flow distribution images (MBFDI) (201thallium) during exercise, and normal resting ejection fractions underwent treadmill exercise testing with imaging on three occasions. Control maximal exercise was performed initially with measurement of MBFDI. Propranolol, 40 mg by mouth four times a day, was administered for a week with exercise repeated to the same workload. A third study, with men off propranolol, was undertaken with exercise continued only to the HR obtained while the men were taking propranolol (submaximal exercise). All men had improvement in MBFDI while receiving propranolol (men without infarction +780 +/- 88 [average +/- SEM] normalized count rate difference between control and propranolol; men with infarction +724 +/- 73 normalized counts). Greater count differences were noted when control exercise and HR-controlled, submaximal exercise MBFDI were compared with a greater difference in men with infarction (+1094 +/- 89 normalized counts) than for men without infarction (+896 +/- 88 normalized counts). Results suggest that propranolol improves MBFDI during exercise in men with angina, but that submaximal exercise results in more normal MBFDI than does propranolol for exercise to the same HR.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the effects of Hepatic-Aid and a Casein modular diet on encephalopathy, plasma amino acids, and nitrogen balance in cirrhotic patients.

Hepatic-Aid is purported to ameliorate encephalopathy and promote positive nitrogen balance in protein-intolerant, cirrhotic patients by correcting their imbalanced amino acid profile. This study evaluated Hepatic-Acid by comparing a 50-g Casein diet with an identical diet with 20-g Casein/30-g Hepatic-Aid per day in a cross-over study. Four patients with biopsy-proven stable cirrhosis, encephalopathy, and under-nutrition were studied. Each study period included three days of equilibration and eight days of metabolic balance, with the following measured at baseline and on balance days 5 and 8: routine biochemistry, fasting ammonia, psychometric tests, EEG, and plasma amino acid profiles. There was no significant change in clinical status, routine biochemistry, fasting ammonia, psychometrics or EEG between the two study periods. Mean (+/-SD) nitrogen balance on the Casein diet at 1.5 +/- 1.5 g/day was not significantly different from that on the Hepatic-Aid diet at 1.5 +/- 1.2 g/day. Plasma amino acid profiles showed a significant fall (p less than 0.05) in fasting and intraprandial tyrosine (tyr) and phenylalanine (phe) on Hepatic-Aid, but only intraprandial leucine (leu), isoleucine (ile), and valine (val) were significantly increased (p less than 0.05) on Hepatic-Aid. The ratio leu + ile + val to tyr + phe was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) on Hepatic-Aid. It is concluded that Hepatic-Aid, as given in this study, maintains N balance similar to Casein, alters the amino acid profile towards normal, but does not ameliorate encephalopathy.

Aged↗