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Biomedical subjects

R V Katz

Publications and source records attributed to R V Katz.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Assessing root caries in populations: the evolution of the root caries index.

This paper traces the history of the epidemiologic assessment of root caries over the past 30 years. This history clearly points out that a critical junction has been reached between the state-of-the art for the reporting of root caries and the demand placed on research and service components of the oral health system. If progress is to be made, it is imperative that a uniform reporting method for root caries be adopted. This paper introduces the Root Caries Index (RCI) as an index that should prove to be a feasible and utilitarian method for reporting root caries data in descriptive and analytic epidemiologic studies as well as assessing the results of preventive and treatment agents, clinical trials. The Root Caries Index represents, in the evolution of a root caries measurement method, a refinement of the delineation of the true intraoral "population at risk" to the disease process. The resulting index is a true attack rate for supragingival root caries lesions. This development should permit more meaningful comparison of populations, clearer interpretations regarding risk factors, and more precise assessment of preventive and treatment agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Epidemiologic survey of accidental dentofacial injuries among U.S. Army personnel.

This epidemiologic study of accidental dentofacial injuries to U.S. Army personnel was conducted to determine the frequency and distribution patterns of accidental dentofacial injuries to soldiers. Administratively, it was anticipated that this data would permit identification of high-risk groups and would suggest feasible preventive measures. This 9-month study was conducted on 16 Army posts with a combined population at risk of 210,500 soldiers; a standardized data collection form was completed by the dental corps officer treating the injury case and then was mailed to a central collection site for analysis. The data from this dentofacial injury study clearly reveal that differential risks exist for various military subpopulations. While the overall U.S. Army accidental dentofacial injury rate was 37.7 cases/10,000/year, this rate varied greatly for specific subgroups with high-risk factors including young males, lower enlisted ranks, recent recruits, and combat training posts. The primary specific causes of these injuries were fistfights (nearly 30%), sports (over 20%), and vehicles (about 15%).

Accidents↗
PubMed1978

An epidemiologic study of the relationship between various states of occlusion and the pathological conditions of dental caries and periodontal disease.

This study explored relationships between dental caries and periodontal disease and either (1) any of 8 existing orthodontic indices or (2) any of 41 individual cephalometric measures. The 486 subjects examined revealed no clinically significant associations between any of the disease measures and either the indices or the cephalometric measurements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Oral health services for adult rehabilitation patients: three illustrative cases.

Recent research has shown that the actual capability of physical medicine and rehabilitation units to provide oral health services is less than the need as perceived by rehabilitation administrators. Three cases have been selected to illustrate the nature and diversity of health benefits that can be provided by a complete oral health service which focuses on rehabilitation patients. The advantages of offering a comprehensive oral health service include not only improvement of the oral health of the patient but also often directly aids the patients' achievement of overall rehabilitation goals. Furthermore, by synergistic interaction with the other rehabilitation disciplines, an oral health service can appreciably enhance the quality and the scope of the rehabilitation program itself. Additionally, a new adaptive device for oral grasping, designed for use by patients who lack the use of their upper extremities, is illustrated. The device is intended to provide the patient with a range of functions including recreational participation in board games as well as vocational activities which require the lifting or grasping of objects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Testing the internal and external validity of a simplified dental caries index on an adult population.

This analysis of a caries index, proposed in 1966 to WHO as a simplified method of measurement, as tested on a 16- to 45-year-old population who were seeking dental care at the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry revealed several weaknesses associated with the index. An analysis of the external validity of this index, a comparison with subjects' DMFS scores, revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.71. Although the index purports to measure the prevalence and severity of dental caries by dividing the dentition into five zones representing increasing severity of dental caries experience, an analysis of this index's internal validity, i.e. whether these five zones truly represent a rank-order scale of severity, revealed misclassification rates of from 21% for the total population up to 44% for a subgroup. When zones were recombined to reduce the misclassification rates, the descriptive capabilities of the index were greatly reduced as most subjects were then classified in only one or two of the zones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Effects of two cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthwashes on bacterial plaque.

The purpose of this single blind clinical study was to determine the effects of two commerical mouthwashes (one containing cetylpyridinium chloride and domiphen bromide and the other containing only cetlypridinium chloride) on existing plaque accumulations. A second purpose was to determine if a residual effect could be shown 2 weeks after cessation of using these mouthwashes. A total of 120 adult subjects, who had been divided into three groups, were initially in the study. For a period of 31 days, the subjects in Group A rinsed with a commercial mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium chloride and domiphen bromide; Group B rinsed with a commercial mouthwash containing only ceytlpyridinium chloride; and Group C served as controls and rinsed with colored flavored water. All subjects continued their normal home oral hygiene practices, except that mothwashes other than as assigned were forbidden. The subjects received three identical examinations to determine their plaque scores. The examinations were conducted the day preceding initiation; the day following cessation; and 15 days after cessation of the rinsing procedures. A total of 105 subjects received the first and second examinations, and 93 subjects received all three examinations. Based upon the data obtained, the daily use of each of the cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwashes tested, appears to be partially effective in reducing existing bacterial plaque accumulations. The cetylpyridinium chloride-domophen bromide product was slightly, but not significantly, more effective than the other commercial mouthwash. Neither commerical product demonstrated a significant residual effect 2 weeks after cessation of use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Oral health services: a Delphi technique estimation of their role in adult inpatient rehabilitation programs.

This report presents the results of an investigation into one possible administrative route that would increase the accessibility and availability of dental services for the handicapped. Specifically, this paper assesses the desirability of, perceived level of need for, and feasibility of incorporating a dental service into the total hospital rehabilitation program for adults. The Delphi technique, a method of gathering the opinions of experts through a sequentially designed set of questionnaires, was used to ascertain the views of ten chairpersons of physical medicine and rehabilitation units. The results of this discussion indicate that the perceived need is great, that access to care is difficult, and that a feasible solution would be to establish a hospital-based dental service, preferably convenient to the rehabilitation dormitory, which would provide a full range of dental services.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The dental status of dentate institutionalized older adults: consideration of retained roots.

Many studies have described the general dental findings in institutionalized older patients, but few studies have used standard dental indices to describe the dental status of these populations. Eighty-five dentate nursing home residents were examined by a single dentist. Dental findings were reported by means of the DMFS, DMFT, and RCI indices along with the D/DFS ratio for coronal and root caries. The mean DMFS, DMFT, and RCI were 97.0, 22.9, and 28.7%, respectively. The percentages of untreated coronal and root caries lesions, as measured by the D/DFS ratios were 65.4% and 85.4%, respectively. Forty-eight percent of the subjects had at least one retained root, with a mean of 1.0 for all 85 subjects. None of the dental findings was statistically significant in association with age, gender, or length of stay in the institution. In the population examined, no statistical or clinical differences in relation to age, gender, or length of stay in the institution were found. The dental status of a dentate older adult population can be accurately described by means of the standardized indices of DMFS, DMFT, and RCI along with the D/DFS ratios, with the caveat that these indices must be interpreted differently than when used with pediatric populations. Retained roots present a fifth surface at risk for root caries, the occlusal surface. The role of the occlusal root surface in the dental status of a population needs to be reported and analyzed.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The measurement of mandibular cortical bone height in osteoporotic vs. non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women.

The asymptomatic progression of osteoporosis, in conjunction with the possibility of catastrophic disability, makes this disorder a major public health priority. Various body sites, including the mandible, have shown susceptibility to decreasing bone density. In 1986, Benson et al. proposed a radiomorphometric technique called the Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI) as an inexpensive noninvasive dental technique for osteoporosis screening, although no osteoporotic subjects were included in their study. The purpose of our study was to determine whether osteoporotic postmenopausal women would show a decrease in mandibular cortical bone height, as measured by the PMI index, when compared with nonosteoporotic postmenopausal women. Seventy-two Caucasian females (33 cases/39 controls), aged 54-71 years old, were selected through records and screening via a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan (LUNAR-DEXA). ANOVA analysis indicated no differences in the mean PMI between case and control groups (0.37 +/- 0.15 and 0.38 +/- 0.13, respectively; p = 0.69). Other techniques, such as computer digitized radiography should be explored to test the validity of the PMI.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory pathogen colonization of the dental plaque of institutionalized elders.

Although it has been established that aspiration of pharyngeal bacteria is the major route of infection in the development of nosocomial pneumonia, colonization of the pharyngeal mucosa by respiratory pathogens has been shown to be a transient phenomenon. It has been suggested that the dental plaque may constitute an additional, possibly more stable, reservoir of respiratory pathogens. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of oral colonization by potential respiratory pathogens in a group of elderly (mean age = 75.9 yrs) chronic-care-facility residents (n = 28) and a group of age-, gender-, and race-matched outpatient control subjects (n = 30), with specific attention to plaque present on tooth, denture, and oral mucosal surfaces. Plaque scores on teeth and dentures were significantly higher in the chronic-care-facility (CCF) subjects than in the dental outpatient control (DOC) subjects (PII 2.3 vs. 1.2 and denture plaque 1.4 vs. 0.3). While no subjects in the DOC group were found to be colonized with respiratory pathogens (> 1.0% of the cultivable aerobic flora), 14.3% (4/28) of the CCF subjects were found to be colonized. Oral colonization with respiratory pathogens in CCF subjects was associated with the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and higher plaque scores. These results suggest that deficient dental plaque control and the presence of COPD may be related to respiratory pathogen colonization of dental plaque in chronic-care-facility residents.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malnutrition and dental caries: a review of the literature.

Protein-energy malnutrition occurs when there are deficiencies in protein, energy foods or both, relative to a body's needs. This paper reviews the association of early childhood malnutrition with: (1) dental caries, (2) enamel hypoplasia, (3) salivary gland hypofunction, and (4) delayed eruption. Studies suggest that caries of the primary dentition is associated with early childhood malnutrition, though the effect on caries of the permanent dentition has essentially not been studied. Enamel hypoplasia, salivary glandular hypofunction and saliva compositional changes may be mechanisms through which malnutrition is associated with caries, while altered eruption timing may create a challenge in the analysis of age-specific caries rates.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a simplified caries index for use by the US Army Dental Corps.

The evaluation of a simplified caries index was undertaken to determine the validity and reliability of the index when applied to a military population. Although certain internal assumptions of this simplified caries index were not upheld, the index did rank order the populations by severity of caries experience when compared to the DMFS index. High interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability scores were demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental caries in HIV-infected children versus household peers: two-year findings.

PURPOSE: This report will present a two-year comparison of the incidence and baseline prevalence of dental caries found in both the primary and permanent dentition among a cohort of HIV-infected children as compared to household peer control subjects who were not HIV-infected. METHODS: The subjects in this report were from an initial cohort of 171 children (104 HIV positive and 67 HIV negative), who were participants in the Children's Hospital AIDS Program in Newark, New Jersey, from 1993-1995. This two year analysis reports the findings on the children who completed baseline through Year 02 examinations (N = 121), aged 2-15 years old (68 HIV positive, 53 HIV negative). RESULTS: While the DMFS incidence at Year 02 among the 6-11 year old control subjects was 17% higher than that of the HIV-infected cases (2.1 vs. 1.8, respectively) this same incidence was eight-fold higher for the control subjects among the 12-15 year olds (e.g., 8.1 vs. 1.0, respectively). The mean cumulative dmfs score to date for HIV-infected cases was higher than for the control subjects for both the 2-5 year olds and the 6-11 year olds, (11.0 vs. 7.0) and (10.0 vs. 4.0, P = .02), respectively. In all three age groups, HIV-infected cases had a greater number of primary teeth and fewer number of permanent teeth than the control subjects (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Given that HIV-infected cases had lower DMFS scores and higher dmfs scores than their household peer controls, the fewer mean number of permanent teeth among the HIV-infected cases suggests that this delayed tooth eruption pattern in permanent teeth contributed to the lower DMFS scores seen in the HIV-infected cases.

Adolescent↗