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Biomedical subjects

R V Katz

Publications and source records attributed to R V Katz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Clinical signs of root caries: measurement issues from an epidemiologic perspective.

The measurement of root caries using a relatively precise, utilitarian, and universally-acceptable methodology based upon clinical signs is a critical and necessary step in the progression of the epidemiologic study of this oral disease. While a clinician directly involved in the care of a patient will always incorporate spontaneous judgment-based-upon-experience into the diagnostic process, the clinical investigator must rely upon a much more standardized approach to the diagnosis of root caries. A comprehensive overview of the current epidemiologic research findings and methodologic literature for root caries precedes a series of discussions on methodologic issues that relate to the measurement of root caries in epidemiologic study conditions. Topics discussed include: (1) appropriate categories of lesions for inclusion (active vs. inactive and supragingival vs. subgingival lesions), (2) surface visibility issues (clinical treatment effects and oral debris accumulations), and (3) examination techniques (examination instruments and use of radiographs). The final section of this article proposes seven diagnostic conventions for use by investigators when they are diagnosing root caries in descriptive, analytical, and experimental epidemiologic studies.

DMF Index↗
PubMed1990

Economic impact of dental service utilization by older adults.

A total of 747 general dental practitioners--in Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, and Minnesota--responded to a questionnaire in 1988 by completing a detailed productivity report of patient services performed during a specified period. The results, based on 11,909 patient visits and 22,712 dental procedures, indicated that stereotypes of older adults as underutilizers of dental care are incorrect. This finding and others, detailed within this article, indicate that older adults make up a substantial portion of regular patients and that their utilization of dental services should increase throughout 1990.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The effects of resin-bonded and conventional fixed partial dentures on the periodontium: restoration type evaluated.

The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term and short-term periodontal response to three different modalities of fixed prosthodontic tooth replacement. Posterior proximal sites adjacent to abutment teeth supporting etched metal and two designs of conventional fixed partial dentures (FPDs) were assessed 6 months to 5 years after insertion. For the long-term observation, the etched metal resin-bonded FPDs had significantly greater plaque scores than both of the conventional designs. The resin-bonded FPD group had statistically, but not clinically, significant increased probing depths than the supragingival FPD group. In spite of the increased levels of supragingival plaque associated with the etched metal FPD, this type of fixed prosthesis was no more injurious to the periodontium than the subgingival conventional FPD designs.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Risk of enamel fluorosis associated with fluoride supplementation, infant formula, and fluoride dentifrice use.

Eight hundred fifty 11- to 14-year-old residents of nonfluoridated communities in Massachusetts and Connecticut, who were born between 1972 and 1975, were investigated in a case-control study of the possible association between enamel fluorosis and exposure to fluoride supplements, infant formula, and/or fluoride dentifrice. The effect of median household income, an indicator of socioeconomic status, was also examined. Clinical examination, using the Fluorosis Risk Index, a fluorosis index developed for this project, allowed cases and controls to be identified based upon the specific time period of exposure to the various sources of ingested fluoride. Risk factor exposure was assessed via a mailed questionnaire with a response rate of 80%. Mild-to-moderate enamel fluorosis was strongly associated with fluoride supplementation during the first six years of life (odds ratio = 4.0) and with median household income (odds ratio = 6.6). Subjects in the middle median household income group who had used fluoride supplements through the first six years of life had a 28-fold increase in the risk of fluorosis compared with unexposed subjects in the lower median household income group. An odds ratio of 1.7 associated with infant formula use was suggestive of an increased risk of enamel fluorosis as was an odds ratio of 2.9 associated with fluoride dentifrice use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Distribution of acid-etched, fixed, and removable prostheses in dental patients.

This report describes the pattern of tooth replacement for a random sample of adult dental patients in a major urban area in the northeastern United States. The data were collected by using a practitioner-based epidemiologic monitoring system that had been established with the local dental society. Nearly 90% of the randomly selected dentists collected the data on all adult patients seen during a 1-week period. The 2069 patients examined were predominantly regular users of dental care with a relatively even distribution across 10-year age groups. There was a slight preponderance of women in the sample (55%). There were no significant differences between men and women in terms of mean numbers of missing teeth. Overall, 92% were dentulous in both arches, 6% were edentulous in one arch, and 2% were totally edentulous. When the space was available for replacement, molars and premolars showed the lowest percentages of replacement in both arches for each age group. Overall, 14.4% of the replaced teeth were replaced by a fixed partial denture, of which acid-etched fixed partial dentures contributed 0.6% and conventional fixed partial dentures the remaining 13.8%. Removable prostheses replaced 85.6% of the missing teeth. The proportion of fixed replacements was highest in the youngest age groups and the proportion of removable replacements was dominating in the older age groups. Acid-etched fixed partial dentures were found most frequently in the youngest and oldest age groups.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1983

Interobserver reliability of methods for paleopathological diagnosis of dental caries.

There is disagreement as to whether clinical methods of caries diagnosis will produce reliable results in skeletal material, and studies vary greatly in the extent to which such methods are employed. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to evaluate the interobserver reliability of visual, tactile, and radiographic methods of scoring dental caries in ancient populations. Thirty-three individuals from a Mogollon skeletal sample were scored on three occasions by pairs of examiners. The first exam employed visual criteria alone. In the second exam, visual methods were supplemented with the dental explorer. For the third exam, mesial and distal surfaces were scored from "intraoral" radiographs. Examiners worked independently, but did calibrate on material from clinical populations prior to the second and third exams. Exams were conducted on a "blind" basis, and analysis was delayed until all exams were completed. Caries scores were expressed as a percentage of total surfaces present per individual. Repeat-measures ANOVA and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to estimate interobserver reliabilities. For visual scores, ICC = 0.97, and there is no significant difference between examiners (P = 0.897). For visual plus explorer scores, ICC drops to 0.90, and there is a significant difference between examiners (P = 0.003). For the radiographs, ICC = 0.86, and there is no significant difference between observers (P = 0.117). These results suggest that clinical methods are less reliable in skeletal populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1982

Future faculty training requirements and job opportunities: a survey of U.S. dental school deans.

A questionnaire was sent to all 60 U.S. dental school deans to obtain their opinions concerning future faculty training requirements and job opportunities. Two rounds of mailings produced a 95 percent response rate. The deans expressed a greater need for faculty in clinical fields than in the basic sciences but they strongly indicated that the majority of future clinical faculty would have to possess the training and skill necessary to conduct independent research. Additionally, the deans indicated a preference for faculty jointly trained in two disciplines, wither two clinical fields or a clinical and basic science field. An analysis of current data on the number of dentists in formal research training programs was compared with the deans' estimation of projected faculty openings. This analysis led to the conclusion that there is a significant undersupply of dentists trained jointly in two disciplines who are capable of independent research. In the absence of corrective action, an opportunity to strengthen dental faculties and dental research will be lost.

Administrative Personnel↗