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Biomedical subjects

R Touraine

Publications and source records attributed to R Touraine.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Pulmonary collagens and their pathology (author's transl)].

Collagen is a macro-molecule of polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix. The biosynthesis and degradation of collagen require complex enzymes systems; considerable progress has been made in their understanding in recent years. Collagen is the most important connective tissue of the body and five types are present in the lower respiratory tract. Genetic disorders of collagen (e.g. the Ehlers-Danlos or Marfan's syndrome) may affect the lung. Furthermore certain pulmonary diseases such as fibrosis are associated with changes in the ratio of the different types of collagen. Collagen can no longer be dissociated from the study of tissue changes in pulmonary pathology; the aim of our study is to provide elementary data concerning this aspect of modern pneumology.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1982

[Drug induced pulmonary disease. Diffuse interstitial pneumonitis during chemoradiotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung. Two cases (author's transl)].

Two patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung treated by chemoradiotherapy developed, diffuse interstitial pneumonitis after 7 and 21 months of treatment while in complete remission of their malignant disease. One patient died after an acute respiratory distress syndrome, but the second improved after steroid therapy and discontinuation of cytotoxic therapy. Pulmonary toxicity appeared to be related to cyclophosphamide therapy, but radiation therapy could have potentiated cyclophosphamide toxicity as it has been shown in bleomycin lung disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia induced by Disulon].

Seven patients ingested (2.5 mg/kg) daily dapsone. Their serum samples were analyzed daily during the first week by spectrophotometry for methaemoglobinemia and weekly blood samples for red blood cells, reticulocytes count and haptoglobin level. The acetylator phenotype of each patient was estimated on the capacity to acetylate isoniazid. Methaemoglobinemia was always observed within the 48 hours after drug intake. The dapsone induced anemia was moderate being maximum between day 25 and 40 after the beginning of treatment. Reticulocytemia appeared in the second week and haptoglobin levels decreased between day 5 and 8 of therapy in 5 patients and at day 15 for the two others. The seven patients are divided in 4 rapid acetylator and 3 slow acetylator. The acetylator phenotype was not correlated with methaemoglobin, haptoglobin levels or RBC counts.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1981

[Skin lesions in systemic candidiasis (author's transl)].

Skin lesions in systemic candidiasis are erythematous maculopapules and maculonodules which appear at the onset of the septicaemic phase. Their presence, especially when associated with diffuse myalgia, suggest the diagnosis which must be confirmed by haemocultures, histological examination of the skin with PAS stain and culture of skin fragments in Sabouraud's medium. Systemic candidiasis with skin lesions seems to be mainly due to Candida tropicalis and to occur with great frequency in patients with underlying blood disease. Of the three cases reported here, one concerned a 24-year-old man with premyelocytic acute leukaemia, the second a 45-year-old woman with drug-induced agranulocytosis and the third one a man aged 25 admitted to hospital for peritonitis secondary to Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in a patient treated for small cell carcinoma. Does chemotherapy encourage the development of histologically different tumour? (author's transl)].

A 60-year-old male patient with small carcinoma of the lung was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The tumour regressed, but two squamous cell carcinomas appeared in the contralateral lung. The first one was discovered after 3 months' treatment and developed slowly; the second one, diagnosed after 9 months' treatment, was rapidly progressive. The patient died 13 months after the beginning of treatment, and only the squamous cell carcinomas could be confirmed on autopsy. Such cases may reflect either selection of tumours that were present from the beginning of treatment, or development of other malignancies, or treatment-induced histological changes in the original tumour.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

Secondary ion emission microanalysis: applications to the study of human skin.

Secondary ion emission microanalysis is a new method of physical analysis recently applied in biology. The apparatus required (CAMECA SMI 300) enables pictures to be taken of the distribution of certain elements, with a space resolution of the order of 1 microgram. Concentrations below 1 p.p.m. are perceptible for most elements. The present results are the first obtained for human skin sections. Investigation of the natural elements of normal skin reveals no particular accumulation. Elements foreign to the skin are easy to detect. We show here the distribution in the epidermis of clinical antiseptics applied locally. This method has two advantages compared to X-ray microanalysis. It is more sensitive and allows analysis of even the lightest elements. However, its use in skin penetration studies is limited because it does not permit quantitative analysis and serious interference problems may occur.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1981

[Occurrence of lupus-type circulating anticoagulant in syphilis (author's transl)].

Screening tests for circulating anticoagulant were performed systematically in fifteen patients with different stages of syphilis. The lupus-type anticoagulant, an inhibitor of the prothrombin activator complex, was demonstrated in one primary and three secondary stages, without any hemorrhagic complications. The possible relationship between the occurrence of this type of inhibitor and positive antilipoidal tests is discussed in reference to the well-known association of circulating anticoagulant and biologic false positive serologic tests for syphilis observed in patients with SLE.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1981

[Study of the correlation between transepidermal water loss and percutaneous penetration of steroid (author's transl)].

Modifications of transepidermal water loss due to repeated topical applications of water/oil emulsion, salicylic acid and urea, with and without occlusion, were studied on the forearms of healthy volunteers. Percutaneous absorption of three different corticosteroids was evaluated by means of the bleaching test on each treated area. It was shown that only salicylic acid significantly increased transepidermal water loss. This increase was positively correlated with an increase in the percutaneous absorption of corticosteroids. Thus it seems that a comparative evaluation of the percutaneous absorption of topical treatments in normal and lesional skin may be obtained, in vivo in man, by nonaggressive comparative evaluation of transepidermal water loss.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1981

[Hepatitis of the secondary syphilis (author's transl)].

A case of syphitic hepatitis is reported. This rare manifestation during the second stage, is characterised by a important cholestasis and a moderated cytolysis. The biologic pattern and the histologic findings allow the difference with viral hepatitis. The manifestation is more frequent in homosexual people. The specific treatment is quickly effective and the short and long-term prognosis is good.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Respiratory complications in the course of treatment with D-penicillamine : alveolitis and bronchiolitis. A report of 4 cases (author's transl)].

D-penicillamine has proved to be an effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but adverse effects of this drug are frequent. The authors report 4 cases of respiratory disease in the course of treatments with D-penicillamine for which the drug may probably be held responsible. Two patients presented with diffuse alveolitis which improved on stopping D-penicillamine. Two patients presented with rapidly progressive dyspnea; chest X-ray showed distended lungs; lung function tests showed severe airflow obstruction with air trapping : treatment with bronchodilators and corticosteroids was ineffective. Several cases of patients with such features have been reported during the last few years; pathologic studies which were performed disclosed bronchiolitis. Clinicians should be aware of the severity of this type of bronchiolitis and stop D-penicillamine immediately in patients presenting with early respiratory symptoms.

Aged↗