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Biomedical subjects

R Touraine

Publications and source records attributed to R Touraine.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Endogenous peroxidases in normal human dermis: a marker of fibroblast differentiation.

Incubation of unfixed and unfrozen slices of normal human skin allows visualization of a peroxidase activity associated with the perinuclear envelope and with the endoplasmic reticulum of resident dermal macrophages, dermal mastocytes, and also of some dermal fibroblasts. No peroxidase activity can be detected in fibroblasts cultivated in monolayer, while 80% of fibroblasts in an "in vitro" collagen lattice, called a dermal equivalent, express a peroxidase activity in the perinuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum. Hence expression of this peroxidase activity in normal human skin fibroblasts serves as a marker of fibroblast differentiation and seems to depend on an interaction to fibroblast with the elements of a three-dimensional matrix.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Monoclonal antibody typing of sub-populations of T lymphocytes in the blood and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) in sarcoidosis].

Cell typing of sub-populations of lymphocytes is facilitated by using monoclonal antibodies (OKT); with this technique we determined the relative proportions of "helper" T-lymphocytes (OKT4) and "Suppressor" T-lymphocytes (OKT8) in the blood and the LBA of 13 patients suffering from pulmonary sarcoidosis. In the control subjects the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was 1.9 +/- 0.3 in the blood (38 subjects) and of 2 +/- 0.2 in the LBA (6 subjects). Six patients suffering from inactive sarcoidosis (stabilised) had an OKT4/OKT8 ratio on average of 1.2 +/- 0.39 in the blood and of 1.86 +/- 0.46 in the LBA. By contrast in 7 patients suffering from "active" sarcoidosis, on average the ratio was 1.88 +/- 1.20 in the blood but 5.13 +/- 3.51 in the LBA; this ratio was notably raised in the LBA in 5 cases and was due as much to an increase in the T-"Helper" (OKT4) percentage as to a fall in the T-"Suppressor" (OKT8). It is probable that the T-"Helper" lymphocytes found in great numbers in the lung in active sarcoidosis cases participate in the formation of sarcoid granulomas and attract phagocytic mononuclear cells. This phenomenon seems to correspond to a local immune disturbance without producing a similar result in the peripheral blood of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Plasma exchange in pemphigus. Uncontrolled study of ten patients.

Plasma exchange, together with oral immunosuppressive drugs and various doses of adrenal steroids, were used in the treatment of ten patients with pemphigus. Initially plasma exchange decreased the intercellular antibody (IC Ab) level in all patients and induced a clinical improvement in the conditions of eight of ten patients. This improvement was sustained for the six patients who received simultaneously 0.5 mg/kg/day or more of prednisone. Among the eight patients, four previously corticoresistant patients had perfect control of their disease. Conversely the other four patients, treated with low doses of prednisone, experienced a posttreatment rebound in IC Ab level and showed no or only transient clinical improvement. Plasma exchange may be useful in bringing corticoresistant pemphigus under control but it is not to be used without accompanying high doses of adrenal steroids.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Hematologic anomalies in Lyell's syndrome. Study of 26 cases].

Case records of 26 patients with Lyell Syndrome were reviewed for studying haematologic abnormalities. Eosinophilia, neutropenia, thrombopenia were uncommon. Circulating immature granulocytic cells were frequently encountered during the second week of evolution, mostly when leucocytosis was present. Anemia was frequent, the lowest haemoglobin titer beeing reached by the 15th day. Reticulocytosis was initially low and reached a peak during the second week. At that time biological markers of inflammatory syndrome were getting worse. So the originating anemia seems primarily of medullary origin and independent of inflammatory syndrome. Lymphopenia was constant and sometimes marked, with no circulating lymphocytes in two cases. The lowest numbers of lymphocytes were observed during the first week. These haematological abnormalities may have some pathogenic significance.

Anemia↗
PubMed1982

Dinitrochlorobenzene treatment of alopecia areata.

Forty-two patients with alopecia areata were treated with local applications of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB); We used DNCB in two forms, an acetone solution applied weekly or a cream used every day, employing a wide range of DNCB concentrations. The concentration used was varied at the time of each application to produce a contact dermatitis. Seven patients experienced complete and lasting hair regrowth, 17 had poor results, and in 18 patients the treatment was a failure. Acquired tolerance to DNCB was observed in six patients; in five it was abolished by the administration of cimetidine. Certain factors such as the delay in appearance and the intensity of the sensitization reaction influence the hair regrowth. Poor prognostic criteria for treatment effect included a history of previous systemic corticosteroid therapy, atopy, and the presence of alopecia areata in close relatives.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Neutrophil studies in psoriatics: in vivo migration, phagocytosis and bacterial killing.

A reproducible method for sequential study of migration out of human skin, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of neutrophils is described. Untreated psoriatics exhibit an early increase of chemotactic activity (0-8 hr, p less than 0.02) and subsequently a strong inhibition of chemotaxis (8-24 hr, p less than 0.01), a slight decrease of phagocytosis and a decrease in bactericidal activity (20 min, p less than 0.02; 30 min, p less than 0.003); 60 min, p less than 0.001; 120 min, p less than 0.001) as compared with controls. After clearing of skin lesions, the early increased chemotactic activity returned to normal values but the subsequent chemotactic inhibition remains as strong as before treatment. Phagocytosis increased to normal values (p less than 0.02) and bactericidal activity also increased but remained significantly low. These abnormalities were more evident in migrating than in circulating neutrophils, underlining the sensitivity of the described method.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Diaminobenzidine cytochemistry in unfixed human epidermis: a marker for epidermal differentiation and for mitochondria.

Intubation of unfixed and unfrozen slices of skin in diaminobenzidine allows visualization of a peroxidatic activity in perinuclear envelope of suprabasal keratinocytes undergoing orthokeratotic differentiation. Basal keratinocytes and melanocytes are always negative. This enzyme is absent in mucous and parakeratotic (psoriatic) differentiation. Mitochondria are also strongly stained by this technique and it was shown that the number of epidermal mitochondria is greatly increased in psoriatic lesions.

3,3'-Diaminobenzidine↗
PubMed1982

A cytochemical marker for epidermal differentiation, Langerhans cells, skin resident macrophages and mitochondria.

Incubation of unfixed and unfrozen slices of skin in diaminobenzidine allows visualization of peroxidatic activity in the perinuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum of normal human Langerhans cells. A similar peroxidatic activity is observed in supra-basal keratinocytes undergoing orthokeratotic differentiation. Basal keratinocytes and melanocytes are always negative. This enzyme is absent in mucous and parakeratotic (psoriatic) differentiation. A peroxidatic activity was also found in the endoplasmic reticulum of normal resident skin macrophages. Mitochondria are also strongly stained by this technique and it was shown that the number of epidermal mitochondria is greatly increased in psoriatic lesions.

Cell Differentiation↗