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Biomedical subjects

R Sundmacher

Publications and source records attributed to R Sundmacher.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Use of nucleoside analogues in the treatment of herpes simplex virus eye diseases.

The clinical value of five synthetic antiherpetic nucleosides is discussed: iododeoxyuridine (IDU), adenine-arabinoside (Ara-A), trifluorothymidine (TFT), acyclovir (ACV), and bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU). Depending on the type of herpes simplex virus eye disease, either TFT or ACV are currently the drugs of choice. For BVDU, further controlled studies have to be awaited. For the special situation of superficial herpetic keratitis (dendritic keratitis), a combination therapy with either TFT or ACV plus interferon has proven to be significantly better than a monotherapy with only nucleosides.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1982

Non-contact specular microscopy of the normal corneal endothelium. A statistical evaluation of morphometric parameters.

The corneal endothelium of 179 healthy persons (327 eyes), 4-89 years of age. as photographed through a non-contact specular microscope. From the histograms of the cell areas of each eye, other parameters were derived and subjected to computerized statistical analysis. In addition, photographs of both eyes of one person were taken on two different days and examined to determine the reproducibility of the method. The known age-dependent increase in the mean cell area as well as the decrease of the cell density with age could be confirmed. Other parameters that increase with age are the variability of the mean cell area and the maximum cell area; the latter correlates so well with age and is so easily measured that this parameter may facilitate further morphometric evaluations. For these age-dependent correlations not only regression lines but also third-rank regression curves, which seem to fit better, were calculated. Finally, age-independent parameters were found that may serve as potential additional criteria for a qualitative evaluation of the individual corneal endothelium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The value of exogenous interferon in adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis. Preliminary results.

Fourteen patients with confirmed adenovirus (kerato-) conjunctivitis were treated at random with either exogenous interferon alpha (Le) (3 x 10(6) IU/ml, 1 drop daily) or with albumin. We observed no clinically relevant therapeutic effects. However, interferon seemed to exert a prophylactic effect on uninflamed fellow eyes. The prophylactic potency of interferon in adenovirus (kerato-)conjunctivitis should be evaluated in further controlled trials.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1982

["Dry eye" and artificial tear solutions (author's transl)].

Seventeen patients in whom "dry eye" had been diagnosed each tried four coded commercial artificial tear solutions for one week, in random sequence. The correlation of the function tests (Schirmer test, break-up tie, goblet cell count in conjunctival biopsy) did not permit a grouping of the patients. A tendency to a correlation between break-up time and goblet cell count was noted. It was not possible to show a preference on the part of certain patients for particular products; thus, with the current function tests available, a precise therapeutic classification of "dry eye" patients does not seem possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[The corneal endothelium in ophthalmic zoster (author's transl)].

Up till now corneal endothelium changes in ophthalmic zoster have practically escaped general attention. According to our observations, however, a corneal endotheliitis is a regular feature in acute ocular zoster and often occurs as a late complication as well. The authors report on individual controls of the corneal endothelium by means of specular microscopy in six zoster patients who were treated with steroid eye drops.

Cornea↗
PubMed1981

[Chlamydial disease of the eye: a report on 27 cases. Clinical picture, differential diagnosis, treatment (author's transl)].

During the past five years a presumptive diagnosis of ocular chlamydial disease has been made in 90 patients consulting the outpatient department of Freiburg University Eye Clinic. The diagnosis was confirmed by different methods (giemsa stains, chlamydia cultures and serology, electron microscopy and histology) in 27 cases. The clinical spectrum included inclusion blennorrhea in newborns as well as inclusion conjunctivitis, TRIC keratoconjunctivitis and sporadic trachoma in adults. Presumably the incidence of the disease is much higher than indicated by our figures. We suspect a very high number of undiagnosed cases. These patients usually do not receive proper therapy (tetracyclin or erythromycin for at least three weeks) and their disease may run a protracted course with the risk of permanent eye damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Panuveitis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1980

Posterior polymorphous dystrophy of the cornea (Schlichting). An unusual clinical variant.

Three members of a family with dominant inherited endothelial dystrophy of the cornea are described. The father showed only subclinical disease with subtle endothelial blisters like those found in Schlichting's dystrophy. His daughter and grandson, however, both suffered from a peculiar, prominent, ring-shaped clouding of the cornea which progressed to severe edema, necessitating keratoplasty. Light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy revealed an epithelial transformation of the endothelium. While the anterior banded part of Descemet's membrane was well-formed in the central cornea, it was missing in the periphery. This corresponded with the ring-shaped opacity and indicated a very early transformation of the endothelium in this area. We believe that this pedigree represents an unusual clinical variant of posterior polymorphous dystrophy of the cornea.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The effects of topical steroids in epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis (author's transl)].

Fifty-three patients with proven adenovirus type 8 infection were treated at random, in a prospective study, with either artificial tears or topical steroids over six weeks. Severe cases of nummular keratitis, as well as deep keratitis and slight iritis, were significantly less frequent under steroids. No difference existed with respect to the course of the conjunctivitis and the frequency of a superficial punctate keratitis. Furthermore, the overall frequency of nummular keratitis was equal in both groups, its manifestation merely being somewhat delayed in the steroid group. This may even be disadvantageous, as the natural course of the disease could be prolonged. A significant disadvantage of topical steroids, however, was the high incidence of permanent "dry eye" in the post-infection period. Therefore, as long as no effective antiviral treatment for adenovirus infection is available, steroids should only be administered to relieve symptoms in severe cases for a limited time.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1979

Strain characteristics and features of ocular infection of herpes simplex virus type 1 isolates.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 isolates from 63 patients with herpetic keratoconjunctivitis were investigated. For the purpose of detecting strain differences neurovirulence was determined in mice, and viral DNA's were analyzed by digestion with EcoRI and Hind III restriction endonucleases. Neurovirulence differed by a factor up to 10(5) between individual strains and proved to be independent of the ratio between infectious and noninfectious particles in the stocks used. The endonuclease cleavage patterns revealed differences of the viral DNA structure which permitted us to distinguish seven clusters of strains. Correlations between neurovirulence and DNA markers could not be established nor could correlations be found between these markers and features of disease. The main reason for not finding a relationship in the latter case may be attributed to the significant role of host factors in the course of herpetic diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Virological diagnosis of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (author's transl)].

Among 180 patients with proved adenovirus infection of the eye, 144 infections with adenovirus 8 (Ad 8) were found. 11 or 7 patients were infected with Ad 19 or Ad 4 respectively; further 18 cases were associated with 6 other serotypes. The main symptoms of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) (pronounced inflammatory swelling of the plica and caruncula, nummular corneal infiltations) are not confined to Ad 8 infections. For the virological diagnosis, a combination of virus isolation and serology is recommended. Virus isolation is mostly successful from conjunctival swabs obtained during the first week of the disease. For serological investigation, the first blood specimen should be taken as early as possible, the second not earlier than 15 days after onset of disease. The mere application of the group-specific adenovirus complement-fixation is insufficient; it should be supplied by neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition with Ad 8 (or Ad 19) virus, although these reactions are not invariably type-specific. A swifter diagnosis of the adenovirus infection by immunofluorescence performed in cell cultures inoculated with conjunctival material, 3 or 7 days after inoculation, was often successful; however, this procedure proved to be less sensitive than virus isolation.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1979

[Herpes simplex virus isolations from the aqueous humor of patients suffering from focal iritis, endotheliitis, and prolonged disciform keratitis with glaucoma (author's transl)].

Aqueous humor from 33 herpes patients, 4 zoster patients, and 14 patients with etiologically unclear anterior uveitis was cultured for the presence of herpes viruses. Nine taps from 8 herpes patients with corneal endothelial disease and/or anterior uveitis yielded herpes simplex virus. In the case of one patient two taps were positive at 14 days' interval. Control cultures from the surface of conjunctiva and cornea were consistently virus-negative. Analysis of the virus-positive cases displayed three remarkable features: 1. Secondary glaucoma was uniformly present. This in itself is an indication for culturable herpes simplex virus in the aqueous. 2. Three clinical pictures could be differentiated biomicroscopically: focal iritis, peripheral endotheliitis, and prolonged disciform keratitis. 3. In a proportion of cases, tissue damage resulting from associated immune reactions seems to be more important for the functional outcome than tissue damage by viral cytolysis itself. After having tried several antiviral substances (trifluorothymidine topically, adeninearabinoside-monophosphate intravenously, human leukocyte interferon intramuscularly and intracamerally) we presently favour a topical combination therapy consisting of trifluorothymidine and steroids. This must be complemented by cycloplegics and--in cases of high intraocular pressure--by acetazolamide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Human leukocyte and fibroblast interferon in a combination therapy of dendritic keratitis.

Thirty-eight patients with virologically proven dendritic keratitis were treated using either debridement plus human leukocyte interferon (HLI) or debridement plus human fibroblast interferon (HFI) in a randomized, double-blind study. We administered one drop of HLI or HFI (1 X 10(6) reference units/ml) daily and found no significant difference in the action of either type of interferon.

Electrocoagulation↗