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Biomedical subjects

R Scott

Publications and source records attributed to R Scott.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Prospective double-blind comparison of buprenorphine and pethidine in ureteric colic.

In a double-blind prospective trial 26 consecutive patients with proved ureteric colic were allocated at random to receive 100 mg pethidine or 0.3 mg buprenorphine by intramuscular injection. Pain relief was assessed by standard linear analogue and ordered categories scales. The mean pain relief on the linear analogue scale was 3.80 +/- SEM 0.64 in patients receiving pethidine and 6.86 +/- 0.40 in those receiving buprenorphine (p less than 0.001). The corresponding values for mean pain relief in the ordered categories scale was 1.78 +/- 0.26 v 2.76 +/- 0.20 (p less than 0.01). These observations suggest that buprenorphine is superior to pethidine as analgesia in ureteric colic.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Experimental high-velocity missile head injury.

A standardized experimental high-velocity penetrating head-injury model has been produced in which pathological lesions were observed, not only in the wound track but at sites more remote from the track in the hypothalamus, brain stem and cerebellum. Diffuse subarachnoid haemorrhage was common and intraventricular haemorrhage was a constant feature. Other constant histological abnormalities were:L 1. Perivascular "ring' haemorrhages. 2. Perivascular haemorrhage with a surrounding zone of decreased staining intensity. 3. Perivascular increased staining intensity. 4. Areas of decreased staining intensity apparently dissociated from areas of haemorrhage. The pathogenesis of the perivascular lesions is discussed and preliminary studies suggest that these may be the site of early oedema. The implications of this experiment for military surgery and for ballistic protection of the head are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Neutral proteinases from human blood cells.

1. Human erythrocytes essentially essentially uncontaminated by leukocytes retain considerable proteolytic activity in the membrane fraction. 2. The enzyme responsible has similar properties to previously-reported human erythrocyte membrane proteinases. 3. A particulate fraction from human leukocytes does not yield a similar enzyme when extracted and fractionated in the same way.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1982

The importance of cadmium as a factor in calcified upper urinary tract stone disease--a prospective 7-year study.

The non-essential trace metal cadmium may cause major pathological effects on the kidneys. A group of coppersmiths who have been chronically exposed to cadmium poisoning was systematically studied over a 6-year period. The stone prevalence in the group is now just under 40% as compared with 3.5% in a general population. The blood cadmium levels have remained persistently elevated despite removal of the cadmium source. The measurement of cadmium as a means of monitoring chronic poisoning has been undertaken in terms of the prospective study in the coppersmiths and also in its relationship to other trace metals, namely serum zinc and copper. Urologists should be aware of the possibility of cadmium poisoning.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1982

Post-termination contraception: use of the Multiload Cu250.

During a period of 27 months Multiload intrauterine devices were inserted immediately after suction evacuation of the uterus into 125 patients in two hospitals. Sixty-one patients were lost to follow-up despite careful explanation of the need to attend. The remaining 64 patients provided a total of 630 women months for analysis. Eleven patients requested removal of the Multiloads for various personal reasons. Four devices were spontaneously expelled, three in the first 2 months. Eight devices were removed on account of pain or bleeding and one because of infection. Five other patients were considered to have less severe uterine infection not requiring removal of the devices. These complications have to be viewed against those inherent in the procedure of termination: 4.4% pain or bleeding 3.6% uterine infection. Forty women are known to be continuing to wear the devices. They show no differences in terms of parity, gestation at the time of termination or degree of dilatation of the cervix at the time of termination from the other groups. One pregnancy occurred after 10 months of use. While acknowledging the deficiency of the study due to the high defaulter rate the immediate insertion of a Multiload at the time of termination of pregnancy can be considered as an acceptable method of contraception.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1982

The kinematic rotating hinge: biomechanics and clinical application.

The Kinematic rotating hinge offers a solution as a salvage procedure for severely deformed and unstable "end-stage" knees. Excellent short-term results in terms of pain relief can be achieved, and motion up to 130 degrees is possible, depending on the condition of the quadriceps mechanism and the extent of scarring from previous operations. Care must be taken to avoid cortical penetration, especially in cases of hinge revisions, osteoporosis, thin-walled bones, and the presence of old cement. As with any total knee arthroplasty, care must be taken to achieve optimal rotatory alignment of the tibia beneath the femur to guarantee good patellar tracking.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Problems of the oncology outpatient: role of the liaison health visitor.

A survey by a liaison health visitor of outpatients attending an oncology department has identified and enumerated the principal problems with which she is confronted, and defined her role. The main medical symptoms of concern to the patient at home and needing attention by the liaison health visitor were anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and constipation: inadequate pain control due to poor drug compliance was also common. Other functions of the liaison health visitor include providing nursing aids and prostheses, support for bereaved relatives, and liaison with the community health care team.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1981

Cellular and antibody response to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus in human colostrum, maternal blood, and cord blood.

Samples of colostrum, maternal blood, and cord blood from a group of 21 women were examined for the presence of cellular reactivity to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus using a transformation assay and for the level of specific IgA, and IgG, and IgM antibodies to RS virus by membrane immunofluorescence. Six of the 18 colostral cell cultures and six of the 16 maternal blood cultures gave a significant proliferative response to RS virus antigen, although a positive response in both local and systemic cell cultures was found in only one another. In addition, one of 18 samples of cord blood gave a proliferative response to RS virus antigen. Detectable titres of IgA antibodies to RS virus were found in 15 of the 20 samples of colostral whey and in 13 of the 17 samples of maternal plasma examined. RS virus-specific IgG antibodies were detected in 10 of 20 colostral whey samples and in all samples of maternal cord plasma. In this study, it was not possible to demonstrate a relationship between a positive proliferative response of colostral cell cultures to RS virus and the level of specific IgA and IgG antibodies in colostral whey. Similarly, the proliferative response of material blood cultures was unrelated to the titre of specific IgA or IgG antibodies in maternal plasma. The relevance of the local cellular proliferative response to RS virus in colostral cell cultures to the protection afforded by breast-feeding is discussed.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Betamethasone and the rhesus fetus: effect on lung morphometry and connective tissue.

Pregnant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at 67 to 85% of term pregnancy were treated with betamethasone for 3 days and then delivered by cesarean section. These treated fetuses had larger lung volumes (32.6 +/- 1.8 ml/kg of body weight) compared to gestational age-matched controls (22.9 +/- 3.2 ml/kg of body weight; P less than 0.025) but no alterations in surfactant properties as measured by amniotic fluid L/S ratios, alveolar deflation stability, or lung phosphatidylcholine. These findings suggest that betamethasone effects an increase in fetal lung volume by some method other than alteration in alveolar surfactant concentrations. Results also demonstrated an 11% increase in the collagen to elastin concentration in the treated fetuses as compared to the control animals (P less than 0.01), suggesting alterations in lung connective tissue. Morphometric studies done on the air-fixed inflated lung demonstrated a decrease in the number of alveoli per unit volume of lung among the treated animals (0.95 +/- 0.07 x 10(6)) compared to the control animals (1.19 +/- 0.08 x 10(6); P less than 0.025) and a reduction in the mean surface area of the lungs of the treated animals (506 +/- 10 cm2 per cm3) compared to the control animals (561 +/- 9 cm2 per cm3; P less than 0.005). These findings suggest that at least part of the increased maximal lung volumes is related to increased alveolar distensibility. Together, these pressure volume findings, biochemical studies, and morphometric analyses indicate that a major effect of betamethasone on the rhesus fetal lung is to alter lung connective tissue characteristics. Alterations in lung surfactant appear to be of less functional significance in this rhesus fetal model. The disparity between these findings and other animal studies might be due to differences in species, the preparation, or the method of glucocorticoid administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The reliability of reports of early separations.

A random sample of adult community residents (n 244) was asked about separations in their childhood. Eight months later, the group was asked the same questions again. Only the death of a parent and the break-up of the parental marriage were reported with high reliability. These events made up one third of all reported separations.

Adolescent↗