Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Scott

Publications and source records attributed to R Scott.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Concentration and distribution of some minor and trace elements in urinary tract stones: a preliminary study.

Stone analysis has been directed mainly towards establishing and confirming the presence of calcium phosphates, oxalates and a variety of less common constituents such as cystine. Routinely analyses of this sort can be undertaken by the hospital laboratory (10). More sophisticated techniques such as X-ray crystallography have been applied to allow the various forms of phosphate, oxalate and urate to be distinguished e. g. the mono and dihydrates of calcium oxalate (6, 7). The present study using in vivo neutron activation analysis has been aimed at the elucidation of the constitution of urinary tract stones in terms of, not only the major elements, but also the minor and trace element contents.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1980

Whole body calcium deficit in cadmium-exposed workers with hypercalciuria.

Whole body elemental composition of 15 men occupationally exposed to cadmium was determined by total body in vivo neutron activation analysis and whole body counting. A significant deficit (P less than 0.01) in calcium was observed, compared with two groups of control subjects. The deficit increased with length of time exposed to cadmium.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Intermittent thiazide therapy in recurrent stone formers.

An intermittent thiazide regimen consisting of bendrofluazide, 5 mg. daily, with potassium supplements was given to 17 recent stone formers for period ranging between fifteen months to eight years (mean four years two months). No new stone formation was evident in 8 patients with no radiologic evidence of stones on starting treatment who previously had a stone incidence rate of 0.59 incidents per patient-year. In an additional 9 patients with radiologic evidence of stones on starting treatment the stone recurrence rate was reduced from 0.45 to 0.34 incidents per patient-year. Mild side effects were observed in 2 patients which resolved on discontinuing the treatment regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Measuring social relationships. The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction.

It is generally recognized that social relationships occupy a central position in psychiatry. To examine the role of social relationships in the onset of minor psychiatric morbidity it is necessary to construct an instrument which will meet the need for a valid, reliable and comprehensive index of social relationships. Such an instrument has now been developed and used in a sample of the general population. The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction arose from a research need, and was constructed to assess the availability and perceived adequacy for any individual of a number of facets of social relationships. These consist both of persons and of the provisions obtained through them. Data from a general population sample suggest this instrument to be sufficiently valid and reliable, and also sensitive to predictable variations between sociodemographic groups, to justify its use in clinical and epidemiological studies, both in psychiatry and general medicine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Age- and sex-related reference ranges for eight plasma constituents derived from randomly selected adults in a Scottish new town.

The results of analysis of blood specimens from randomly selected adults aged 19-88 years in the new town of Cumbernauld were used to establish age- and sex-related reference ranges by the centile method (central 95%) for plasma calcium, phosphate, total protein, albumin, globulins, urea, creatinine, and urate. The possible existence of a subpopulation with a higher reference range for urea is mooted.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Social relationships, adversity and neurosis: a study of associations in a general population sample.

A standardized study of the point prevalence of non-psychotic disorder was carried out on a systematic sample of Canberra residents (N = 756). Rates were estimated for PSE CATEGO diagnoses and the Index of Definition. The association between neurosis and deficiencies in social relationships was examined, using the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI). An objective measure of exposure to adversity was also obtained at interview. Both attachment and social integration (affectionally close and more diffuse relationships) were found to be negatively associated with neurosis. This association holds in its own right, in addition to an interaction with the load of adversity. The associations are weaker for men. The significance of this work lies in its demonstration of an association between neurosis and the lack of social ties, and in its attempt to obtain a specification of those elements in social relationships which, when deficient, may be associated with neurosis. The direction of causality has now to be investigated.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

The relative significance of human placental lactogen in the diagnosis of retarded fetal growth.

The purpose of this prospective study was to determine whether serial maternal venous hPL determinations could identify pregnancies resulting in growth-retarded infants from a selected population at presumed high risk for IUGR. Our results demonstrated that mean hPL levels in IUGR outcome pregnancies were significantly lower than normal after 33 weeks' gestation. Mean hPL was also lower in some pregnancies resulting in normal-weight neonates with abnormally low PI or short CHL, suggesting that these neonates, despite normal birth weight achievement, may represent previously unsuspected.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

Poisoning and enuresis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1979

Betamethasone and the rhesus fetus: multisystemic effects.

In this controlled study of betamethasone administration to pregnant rhesus monkeys, using dosages per gram of fetal body weight similar to those reported in several human clinical studies, the most significant fetal pulmonary changes observed were increases in maximum lung volumes. The fact that comparable increases in peak volumes were demonstrated on saline filling supports our contention that these changes are related primarily to lung structural alterations rather than surfactant effects. Additional findings in the treated animals included reduced fetal head circumference, thymus weight, adrenal weight, placental weight, and maternal postoperative weight and increased fetal hepatic weight. Any of these glucocorticoid-induced changes could portend serious side effects. Further studies are needed to delineate the risk:benefit ratio of such treatment.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1979

Psychiatric disorder in Canberra. A standardised study of prevalence.

A standardised survey of prevalence has been carried out in a general population. The epidemiological method employed is innovative in its use of two established instruments, the GHQ and the PSE, harnessed together in a two-phase design. 756 persons were interviewed, giving a response rate of 85% in phase 1. 157 were then interviewed with the PSE in phase 2 within a few days, giving a response rate of 92% in this weighted subsample. The point prevalence of non-psychotic morbidity, based on the distribution of GHQ scores, is higher than elsewhere in Australia, the excess being in Canberra males. The PSE data weighted back to represent the total population, show a distribution of morbidity in women which is remarkably similar to that in the very different population of Camberwell. The overall point prevalence of threshold and definite cases is 9.0% +/- 3.2. Case rates did not vary significantly with age or sex, but were higher in the separated, the single and the widowed. This study represents an advance in the reliable and economical detection of psychiatric morbidity at specified levels of severity in general populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of betamethasone on pressure-volume relationship of fetal rhesus monkey lung.

We have investigated the acceleration of fetal lung maturity following glucocorticoid administration. Air-filling of saline-filling pressure-volume curves were obtained on fetal rhesus monkey lungs after treatment with betamethasone. With air filling there was a marked increase in the total lung capacity (ml air/g at 40 cmH2O) in the treated animals. By normalizing the curves and plotting volume as a percent maximal volume, we examined the shape of deflation curves, a common functional measure of surfactant activity. We found little difference in the shapes between control and steroid-treated animals. With saline filling there was also a similar increase in the lung capacity. As surface tension has a negligible effect on saline pressure-volume curves, we conclude that the primary functional effect of glucocorticoids on the fetal lung may not be an alteration of surface forces. Rather the glucocorticoids seem to accelerate maturity more by increasing lung compliance through structural changes that allow the lung to contain more air for equivalent transpulmonary pressures or pressure changes. This may occur either by increasing the distensibility of already inflatable alveoli or by recruiting new units.

Animals↗