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Biomedical subjects

R Scott

Publications and source records attributed to R Scott.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Peri-incisional mezlocillin versus rectal-metronidazole for wound infection prophylaxis.

One hundred and forty patients who underwent appendicectomy were included in a prospective randomized trial to compare the ability of preoperative rectal metronidazole and peri-incisional mezlocillin to prevent wound infection following appendicectomy. The results show that bactericidal local tissue levels of mezlocillin were uniformly achieved using the peri-incisional technique. The wound infection rate for the metronidazole group was found to be 15.9% and did not significantly differ from the wound infection rate when mezlocillin was used (10.4%). Peri-incisional mezlocillin therefore appears to be a viable prophylactic technique against wound infection following appendicectomy and may offer a cheaper alternative to intravenous intra-operative metronidazole administration in cases when pre-operative metronidazole suppositories have been omitted. The peri-incisional mezlocillin technique is also suitable for routine prophylaxis against wound infection following appendicectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Dementia and depression among the elderly living in the Hobart community: the effect of the diagnostic criteria on the prevalence rates.

A survey was made of 274 non-institutionalized persons aged 70 and over living in Hobart. The prevalence of dementia and of depression was measured by interviewing subjects using a modified version of the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS) (Copeland et al. 1976) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Folstein et al. 1975). Rates of morbidity were derived from different diagnostic procedures. These were: diagnoses made by a psychiatrist (A.S.H.) directly from the interview schedules and audiotapes, and rated as mild, moderate or severe; the criteria laid down in DSM-III, converted into algorithms describing 3 degrees of severity; and the algorithms for pervasive dementia and depression proposed by Gurland et al. (1983), and from these authors' rational scales. In addition, the relation between scales for dementia and for depression and the diagnosed categories was examined. Some problems in applying these methods to aged persons in the community are discussed. It is concluded that more detailed specification of criteria is desirable if the comparative epidemiology of dementia and depression in old age is to advance.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Middle lobe torsion following right upper lobectomy.

A case of middle lobe torsion occurring after a right upper lobectomy is described. The appearance of a wedge-shaped opacity with a characteristically positioned oblique fissure should alert the radiologist to the possibility of torsion. The combination of radiographic, bronchoscopic, and clinical findings should direct the clinician to the correct diagnosis.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Intravesical formalin in intractable haematuria.

Eleven patients with bladder tumours classified T2 (2 cases), T3 (6 cases) or T4 (3 cases) - and 3 patients with radiation cystitis - were assessed as being beyond the scope of even palliative surgery, severe haemorrhage being present in all cases. One patient was treated by total cystectomy and urinary diversion 21 months after intravesical formalin installation. Palliative haemostatic treatment was instituted in all cases by intravesical instillation of a 10% formalin solution under general anaesthesia. Two patients received 3 and 5 instillations respectively, the former over 3 weeks and the latter over 9 months. The bladder was filled completely and an indwelling catheter introduced, the formalin solution being left in the bladder for from 3 to 20 minutes (mean: 13 minutes). Haematuria was absent after from one to 21 days (mean: 5.3 days) in 13 cases. The 14th patient died before arrest of haemorrhage. Survival after instillation was from 3 days to 32 months (mean 6.8 months). The outcome was fatal within 3 months or less in 8 cases and 6 patients died within 2 months of acute renal failure, one within 3 days of instillation. In 5 cases the treatment with formalin reduced bladder capacity to less than 100 ml. Other complications included acute infection of thigh, ruptured bladder, retroperitoneal fibrosis and severe frequency and nocturia (1 case each), and this procedure should therefore be reserved for terminal cases unable to support more aggressive therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Legal issues in IVF.

It is desirable when considering legal issues related to IVF not to restrict attention solely to the impact of laws in existence at the time the IVF technology appeared. Laws then in existence were not designed with IVF in mind. New laws are needed, particularly to deal with legal problems that will arise from 'existing' laws in relation to two unprecedented features of IVF. These are the new technology whereby fertilized human eggs may be frozen, stored and later used for childbearing, and the fact that a 'host' mother may bear an IVF embryo. This chapter has discussed legal issues in IVF by examining in succession: a number of matters of basic social concern that require attention and raise questions that should be answered before new laws are made the need for laws on IVF to rest on clear principles acceptable to the community the application to IVF of 'existing' laws in six countries (France, the United States, Canada, England, Israel and Australia) and the kinds of problem that are thereby raised new laws that have already been created in Australia specifically to regulate IVF, and new laws that are in the course of preparation in the United Kingdom.

Australia↗
PubMed1984

Effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on the appearance of the liver isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase.

Hepatocyte cultures derived from 15-day foetal rats produce the liver form of pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) only after 3 days of culture. The appearance of the liver form of the enzyme can be blocked by the addition of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on day 2 of culture, but not by addition on day 3 of culture. The reversibility of the action of 5-bromodeoxyuridine was shown when the inhibitor was added on day 2 and removed on day 4. By day 6 of culture the liver form of pyruvate kinase was detectable. The specificity of the action of 5-bromodeoxyuridine was monitored by following changes in the closely related embryonic form of the enzyme as a control. This was unaltered by the inhibitor.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cell-mediated immunity in respiratory syncytial virus disease.

Systemic cell-mediated responses to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus were detected, using a whole blood transformation assay, in 10 of 28 infants and children with RS virus infections during the period 1-14 days postadmission. Cell-mediated responses were unrelated to the age of the patient or the severity of illness. No correlation was found between cellular responses and fourfold or greater rises in antibody titre to RS virus, as determined by a membrane immunofluorescence technique. Patients under 6 months of age had significantly lower levels of IgA and IgG antibody to RS virus compared to older patients, although cell-mediated responses were similar in both groups. The presence of cell-mediated reactivity to RS virus was also demonstrated in 5 of 95 samples of cord blood examined, and cellular responses failed to correlate with the levels of IgG antibody to RS virus.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1984

The effect of steroid therapy on serum trace metal levels in sub-fertile males.

The effect of 96 mg methylprednisolone on trace metals and hormone levels was measured in 13 males with sub-fertility associated with an antibody problem. Over a period of 5 days the serum zinc was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) as was the serum testosterone (p less than 0.01). By contrast the luteinising hormone levels rose (p less than 0.01) within 3 days of administration of the steroid. The lability of serum zinc to the administration of steroids is further demonstrated by its significant fall (p less than 0.01) after 3 days of therapy. These results suggest an adreno-cortical control of zinc in serum.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1984

The bacteriology of the urine and renal calculi.

The bacteriological status of the pre-operative urine, removed calcium and the pelvic urine was studied in 63 consecutive patients undergoing removal of intrarenal calculi. The overall infection rates in the pre-operative urine, removed calculi and pelvic urine were 29%, 38% and 30% respectively. In patients with staghorn calculi, 58% of patients had an infected pre-operative M.S.S.U., and 82.5% of removed calculi demonstrated significant bacterial growth, with Proteus mirabilis being the predominant organism isolated. In patients with single or multiple oxalate calculi, 17% had an infected pre-operative M.S.S.U., and 22% of removed calculi demonstrated a significant bacterial growth. The findings would indicate that the presence of a positive M.S.S.U. in a patient with a renal calculus is an indication for surgical removal.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Prophylactic cefuroxime in transurethral resection.

65 men undergoing elective transurethral resection of the prostate under the care of one urologist entered a randomised controlled trial using Cefuroxime. Patients were excluded if they had received antibiotics in a 2 week period before surgery, if they had positive pre-operative urine cultures or if they had been catheterised. 58 patients completed the study. One patient in the antibiotic group and 2 in the control group developed urinary infection. The overall infection rate was 5.17%. The control and antibiotic groups were comparable as regards age and the duration of resection. One patient in the antibiotic group developed an allergic reaction. It is felt that routine antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with sterile urine undergoing elective TUR is unnecessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Preliminary development of a collagen membrane for use in urological surgery.

A series of experiments have been carried out in-vitro in order to assess the possibility of using a collagen membrane in the repair of various sections of the urinary tract following operative surgery such as the removal of a stone from the ureter. The collagen film has been tested for its compatability with urine, its ability to prevent leakage of fluid in a simulated wound in-vitro and for its ability to withstand any degradative effect of liver and kidney homogenates. The material was not significantly degraded by either urine or by tissue homogenates and was able to prevent leakage of fluid under the experimental conditions employed. Although some slight build-up of calcium and some trace elements took place after incubation in urine over a six-day period this was not significant. On the basis of the results obtained it has been decided to proceed to in-vivo trials on rabbits using the collagen membrane. The possibility of using such a material in partial nephrectomy operations is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Occupation and urinary tract stone disease.

Certain occupations have a high incidence of urinary tract stone disease and in view of the potential nephrotoxic effects of metals and the heavy industry in the Glasgow area, a review of occupations of patients attending our stone clinic was done to discover if patients had been exposed to hot-metal processes. Sixty-three per cent of male patients had been exposed to hot-metal fumes for periods ranging from one to fifty years. A random population of asymptomatic stone formers discovered on epidemiologic screening showed that only 26 per cent of these patients could have had exposure to hot metals. Certain epidemiologic aspects of stone disease are reviewed. Little work has been done on occupational aspects of stone disease, and there is scope for further investigation in this area.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A requirement for DNA synthesis in foetal hepatocyte differentiation. Effect of cytosine arabinoside on the appearance of the liver isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase.

In hepatocyte cultures derived from 15-day-old foetal rats, the appearance of the liver (L) form of pyruvate kinase is blocked when cytosine arabinoside is added on the 2nd day of culture. When added on the 3rd day of culture, the inhibitor of DNA synthesis does not prevent the appearance of the enzyme. If cytosine arabinoside is added on the 2nd day of culture and removed on the 4th day, the enzyme is detected by the 6th day of culture. The specificity of the action of cytosine arabinoside for the L form of pyruvate kinase is in contrast with the lack of effect observed on total protein synthesis and the activity of the embryonic (M2) form of the enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Lymphocytic infiltration of the prostate.

Symptomatic presentation due to lymphocytic infiltration of the prostate is rare. Six patients are described in whom lymphocytic infiltration of the prostate was secondary to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphatic leukaemic, and myeloid leukaemia. The prostatic infiltration was sufficiently extensive to result in outflow tract obstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Randomised trial of mesterolone versus vitamin C for male infertility. Scottish Infertility Group.

A prospective randomised trial was carried out to assess the effect of 9 months' treatment with either mesterolone or vitamin C in 368 men complaining of an infertile marriage. There was no significant difference in the wife's pregnancy rate between the two treatment groups. A separate analysis of the data was made to include only men with a low normal testosterone (less than 16 nmol/l) and low sperm density (less than 10 million/ml). This separate analysis was also restricted to men married to wives with normal test results for tubal patency and ovulation and again there was no difference in pregnancy rates between the two treatment groups. These results indicate that mesterolone therapy given in the absence of any defined endocrinopathy is of no benefit in promoting male fertility and furthermore we have been unable to find any subgroup who will respond. Improvements in the therapy of male infertility are only likely after a diagnosis has been defined.

Ascorbic Acid↗