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Biomedical subjects

R Scott

Publications and source records attributed to R Scott.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Seasonal variations in maternal serum and mammary immunity to RS virus.

We have recorded the systemic and mammary/mucosal immune responses of women following natural infection with RS virus during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Anti-RS virus IgG antibody levels in the sera of women collected in the first trimester of pregnancy showed a bimodal distribution with high and low antibody groups. Antibody levels increased after exposure to the winter RS virus epidemic in the second trimester of pregnancy, probably as a result of infection but only for women in the low antibody group. Despite the increases, antibody levels for these women remained well below those of the high antibody group. There was no rise in mean antibody levels after exposure in the third trimester, even among women with low antibody, suggesting a degree of immunosuppression in late pregnancy. There was no evidence that infection during pregnancy was associated with adverse consequences for the infant. Exposure to RS virus in the first two trimesters, but not the third, was associated with high colostral IgA antibody levels that were maintained in the milk throughout the first 7 weeks of lactation. There was a significant correlation between colostral and maternal nasal IgA antibody levels at delivery. Levels of blood or colostral lymphocyte transformation responses at delivery were unaffected by exposure to RS virus in pregnancy. These observations upon natural infection suggest that vaccination during pregnancy is likely to achieve only marginal effects upon serum antibody levels but boost maternal mammary/mucosal immunity.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Double-blind evaluation of etodolac (200 mg, 400 mg) compared with zomepirac (100 mg) and placebo on third molar extraction pain.

This controlled, single dose study has demonstrated that compared with placebo, substantial analgesia is obtained with 200 and 400 mg doses of etodolac. The analgesic effects of both doses of etodolac were not notably different from each other or significantly different from zomepirac, a proven analgesic. With respect to safety, both doses of etodolac were well tolerated, with no reports of serious or dose related adverse side effects.

Acetates↗
PubMed1986

Calculocutaneous sinus.

Extrusion of a urinary calculus is a rare occurrence, and to date only 7 cases have been previously documented. Three patients are described, all of whom had a persistent discharging calculocutaneous sinus as a manifestation of the extruded calculus. The 3 cases had similar features of presentation with a perinephric abscess, a staghorn calculus within a nonfunctioning kidney, and a classic radiologic feature of a portion of calculus clearly distinct from the main bulk of the stone.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

Social support, dementia and depression among the elderly living in the Hobart community.

In a community sample of the elderly (N = 274) in Hobart, Tasmania, cases of dementia and depression were ascertained by the Canberra Geriatric Mental State and the Mini Mental State Examination. Social relationships and support were examined by means of the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction. The elderly had fewer social relationships than younger adults, but were more content with what they did have. Elderly women had more affectional ties than elderly men. The presence of offspring in the same town increased the number of close ties and of social relationships, but was more important for men than for women. Persons with cognitive impairment or an established dementia reported that they had less social interaction than they would like. Depressed subjects reported having markedly less social interaction than the mentally healthy elderly, but did not complain that it was too little. This study provides a systematic description of the social environment of the elderly, both in mental health and in states of depression or impaired cognition.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of lubricants for the prosthetic eye wearer.

We evaluated the need for additional lubrication in 200 consecutive patients using an ocular prosthesis. Of these patients, 154 (77%) required no additional lubrication, while 46 patients (23%) required supplemental lubrication. Enuclene, the only product manufactured specifically for the patient with an ocular prosthesis, has been reported by the majority of our patients to be inadequate for comfort and wearability. Other solutions for contact lens use were compared with Enuclene and found to be far superior by patients using an ocular prosthesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein expression in human and simian cell lines.

Glycoproteins synthesized in both human (HeLa and HEp-2) and simian (Vero and BS-C-1) cell lines following infection with two different strains of respiratory syncytial virus (A2 and Long) were analysed by SDS-PAGE following immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies. Minor virus strain-dependent differences in the large glycoprotein, G, and the fusion protein polypeptides F1 and F2 were observed together with minor cell line-dependent differences in the size of the F2 polypeptide. Major quantities of two glycoproteins, termed Ga (50K) and Gb (45K), were detected in A2 strain-, and to a lesser extent in Long strain-, infected simian cells. These proteins were also present in infected human cells, but in much reduced amounts. Immunoprecipitation with anti-G monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that Ga and Gb shared different epitopes with G.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Assessment of collagen film for use in urinary tract surgery.

This investigation assessed a biodegradable collagen membrane which can be sutured around the ureter to prevent urine leakage, thus permitting healing to proceed more rapidly while the membrane itself is resorbed. Following an early in vitro investigation in which collagen was assessed, a more comprehensive survey has now been carried out. Tissue compatibility and biodegradation were assessed by implanting the film into the lumbar muscles of rats; it was then used to cover experimental ureterotomies in New Zealand White rabbits. The data obtained from the rabbits confirmed that a collagen membrane can prevent leakage of urine from the ureter during healing while it itself is biodegraded, indicating that a collagen membrane could be used to repair the injured urinary tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The elderly who live alone: their mental health and social relationships.

In a community survey of the elderly in Hobart, persons who lived alone were compared to those who lived with others. Those who lived alone were more often widows and had had more education. They had markedly fewer close relationships but as much other social interaction. They reported that their personal networks were as adequate as other elderly persons, yet they experienced much more loneliness. They had no higher a prevalence of depressive disorders or dementia on DSM-III criteria, but they did have a higher frequency of neurotic depression and some depressive symptoms, of which loneliness was one. Contrary to what might intuitively be expected, the elderly who live along may not be a group at increased risk for formal psychiatric morbidity. Instead, they may have a moderate excess of dysphoric symptoms.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

A comparative study of the tolerance of skeletal muscle to ischemia. Tourniquet application compared with acute compartment syndrome.

In this study, the tolerance of skeletal muscle to tourniquet application (ischemia) and to acute compartment syndrome (ischemia and pressure) was compared. In five animals, the cuff of a pneumatic tourniquet was inflated to 350 millimeters of mercury at the level of the thigh for three hours. In five other animals, an acute experimental compartment syndrome was created in one anterolateral compartment by autologous plasma infusion. The compartment pressure (measured by wick catheter) was maintained at a level equal to the mean arterial pressure for three hours. At three hours, reperfusion was established in both groups, either by tourniquet release or by decompressive fasciotomy and epimysiotomy. During both the ischemic period and a two-hour recovery period immediately thereafter, the mean intracellular pH and high-energy phosphate profile (levels of adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine) of the muscles of the anterolateral compartment were monitored non-invasively by phosphorus nuclear magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. Muscle biopsies were done the following day to take specimens for electron microscopic analysis of ultrastructural cellular degeneration. During ischemia, the cellular levels of phosphocreatine decreased at an identical rate in both groups. In contrast, the levels of adenosine triphosphate diminished rapidly in the animals with the compartment syndrome, but remained unchanged in the tourniquet group. Ischemic muscle acidosis was more severe in dogs with the compartment syndrome. In the tourniquet group, the phosphocreatine, adenosine triphosphate, and pH were all normal within fifteen minutes after release of the tourniquet, but these values remained depressed even two hours after fasciotomy in the group with compartment syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atracurium during isoflurane anesthesia in normal and anephric patients.

We compared the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atracurium in eight normal and eight anephric patients during isoflurane anesthesia. Plasma concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography after a single injection of 0.5 mg/kg, and neuromuscular effects were evaluated by the single twitch method. With regard to pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameters, we found no statistically significant differences between normal and anephric patients. We conclude that during isoflurane anesthesia, anephric patients distribute and eliminate atracurium much as normal patients do.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1985

Cellular reactivity to respiratory syncytial virus in human colostrum and breast milk.

Colostrum and breast-milk samples were taken from 23 mothers between 2 days and 7 weeks postpartum and were examined for the presence of cellular reactivity to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus using a lymphocyte transformation assay. Positive responses were detected in nine of the 23 (39%) samples taken at 2-5 days postpartum, but this reactivity was undetectable at 3 weeks. Positive responses developed in a further three mothers during the 3-7-week period of lactation, suggesting a response to virus infection. Colostral whey was found to suppress the cellular response to RS virus and inhibition was related to the level of specific IgA antibody to RS virus present in the whey. The role of colostral cellular reactivity in protection of breast-fed infants from RS virus bronchiolitis is discussed.

Colostrum↗
PubMed1985

The use of acridine orange staining and image analysis to detect bacteriuria.

Fifty urine samples from a variety of urological patients were analysed using the fluorochrome acridine orange in an automated system. The results were compared with standard colony counts. The method has a potential value in the detection of significant infection particularly in population studies.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1985

The screening of more than 2,000 schoolgirls for bacteriuria using an automated fluorescence microscopy system.

After initial evaluation of a manual fluorescence microscopy system on a variety of urines the method was automated and subsequently tested in a population survey of urinary tract infection in schoolgirls. This automated Bactoscan system allowed a rapid analysis of urine samples and with the introduction of modifications to the staining protocol it correctly eliminated 91% of samples as being not significantly infected.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1985

A survey of bacteriuria in 2,234 schoolgirls in a Scottish new town.

The prevalence of urinary tract infection in a modern Scottish town has been ascertained in female school children aged 5-12. In 2,234 girls the initial prevalence of urinary tract infection is 3.3%. In addition to the information on urinary tract infection the social and personal history was available including data on incontinence, enuresis and current antibiotic therapy. The necessity to have a system available which allows a cheap and rapid assessment of population surveys is made.

Adolescent↗