Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to R Sanders.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Convulsions following regional hip blockade with bupivacaine and adrenaline.

Four out of 100 patients undergoing regional hip block (obturator nerve and nerve to obturator femoris) developed convulsions. These followed the injection of bupivacaine to block the nerve to the quadratus femoris muscle. The reasons for this are discussed. Not only has hip nerve regional blockade been shown to be ineffective in the relief of chronic pain of osteoarthritis but it must be concluded that the method described carries an unacceptably high morbidity.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography versus ultrasound of the adrenal gland: a prospective study.

A prospective study of the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound was undertaken in 112 consecutive patients with suspected adrenal disease. CT had a sensitivity of 84% (47/56), a specificity of 98% (55/56), and an accuracy of 90%. Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 79% (22/28), a specificity of 61% (14/23), and an overall accuracy of 70%. When patients with Cushing disease and adrenal hyperplasia were excluded, and only masses such as pheochromocytoma, adenoma, and carcinoma were considered, the sensitivity of both CT and ultrasound was increased. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves differed for CT and ultrasound, and strongly supported the diagnostic superiority of CT.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1982

A prospective evaluation of computed tomography and ultrasound of the pancreas.

A prospective cooperative study was performed to assess the relative efficacy of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound in detecting and identifying pancreatic lesions. Of the 279 patients in the study, 146 were found to have a normal pancreas, and 133 had an abnormal pancreas. All patients underwent both CT and ultrasound examinations. Forty-four ultrasound examinations were technically unsatisfactory. When these suboptimal examinations were excluded, CT had a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.90 in detecting an abnormal pancreas. Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 0.69 and a specificity of 0.82. In detecting a lesion and identifying it as malignant or inflammatory, CT had a sensitivity of 0.84 and ultrasound had a sensitivity of 0.56. It is concluded that CT is the method of choice for detecting a pancreatic lesion, assessing its extent, and defining its etiology.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1981

Comprehension and production of the /-ez/ plural allomorph.

Children's knowledge of morphological elements has traditionally been tested using Berko-type production tasks. Failure to respond correctly in this task may reflect production constraints independent of underlying linguistic knowledge. Accordingly, a detailed comparison of the comprehension of one morphological unit, the /-ez/ plural allomorph, was investigated. Two groups of subjects were tested; (1) those who produced this allomorph correctly and (2) those who failed to produce it. For the subjects as a group, the results indicated that children who could produce the /-ez/ allomorph in nonsense word contexts performed significantly better than children who were unable to produce this allomorph. An analysis of individual performance indicated that almost all of the subjects who produced the /-ez/ allomorph correctly reliably comprehended it. A little more than half of the subjects who failed to produce it evidenced reliable comprehension. The conclusion was drawn that comprehension learning precedes production learning and that production-type tasks may consistently underestimate linguistic knowledge.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1981

The "wrap-around" end-to-side anastomosis for micro-vessels.

A new technique of end-to-side microvascular anastomosis is described. Using the rat groin flap model this technique was used to anastomose the superficial epigastric artery to the femoral artery. It proved successful with a 100% patency rate in 15 successive animals. Three flaps developed complications unrelated to the anastomosis which necessitated termination of the experiment after 3 days, but the remaining 12 anastomoses were functioning well when examined after 4 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A prospective study of computed tomography, ultrasound, and gallium imaging in patients with fever.

Computed tomography, ultrasound, and 67Ga-citrate imaging were analyzed prospectively in patients thought to have a focal source of sepsis. They were divided into three groups: (a) postoperative, fever greater than or equal to 38.3 degrees C; (b) fever greater than or equal to 38.3 degrees C for less than four weeks, unrelated to surgery; and (c) any fever present for more than four weeks. ROC curves showed no significant difference in the ability of the three modalities to differentiate focal from nonfocal sources of sepsis. If any two examinations were used and either study was abnormal, the sensitivity increased from about 60% to nearly 90% while the false-positive rate increased from about 15% to 25%. When focal disease was diagnosed only if two examinations were abnormal, the false-positive ratio dropped to nearly zero but the sensitivity fell to below 40%. The authors concluded tha all three modalities have a similar ability to detect sepsis and that sensitivity can be increased by using any two of them.

Fever↗
PubMed1981

The gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap used as a over for the exposed knee prosthesis.

Exposure of the prosthesis is one of the problems encountered after arthroplasty of the knee. Eight patients with nine exposed prostheses have been treated by using a gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap to provide cover. This preserved the prosthesis and closed the joint in six of the eight patients.l The factors leading to breakdown of the wound are discussed and the anatomy of the gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap and the operative procedure are described.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

The value of ultrasonic imaging and CT scanning in planning the radiotherapy for prostatic carcinoma.

Forty-four consecutive patients with potentially curable carcinoma of the prostate were localized with an Old Delft Simulator with the methods described by Bagshaw. The isocenter and the treatment portal were marked on the skin of the patient. Subsequently, the adequacy of the portal was checked by ultrasonography and/or CT scanning. Of 30 patients who underwent ultrasonography, five patients (17%) were found to have tumor extending beyond the initially simulated treatment portals. Using CT scanning, three of 22 patients were found to have tumor extending beyond the initially simulated portals. As a result, 1-2 cm were added to the initially simulated treatment portals for adequate coverage of the tumor volumes. Eight of our 44 patients underwent both studies and results were similar with ultrasonography and CT scanning. Only patients in the group presenting with clinical stage C disease had modifications of the initially simulated treatment portal. It is recommended that conventional simulation should be done first in order to establish the isocenter and treatment volume, which then should be confirmed by ultrasonography or CT scanning.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to Brucella abortus in bovine milk and serum.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was evaluated for the detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus in cows milk. Milk samples from seropositive or -negative cows were sed to determine the distribution of absorbance values to classify milk as ELISA positive or ELISA negative. Brucella abortus was isolated from milk samples from 10 (45%) of the 22 cows whose milk and serum were ELISA positive. The ELISA was evaluated and determined to be an appropriate method for detecting antibodies to B abortus in bovine milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A new vascularized bone graft transferred by microvascular anastomosis as a free flap.

We describe a new, versatile bone and soft tissue compound free flap which may be transferred quickly and simply and describe its use in the treatment of compound fracture of the tibia and fibula with non-union due to loss of bone. The iliac crest and overlying soft tissue is transferred to the leg in one stage by microvascular anastomosis of the deep circumflex iliac vessels to vessels in the leg.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of essential and general amino acid infusions in protein-depleted patients receiving parenteral alimentation.

Six malnourished patients were studied during intravenous nutrition therapy to compare the efficiency of essential and general amino acids when given as the sole nitrogen source during intravenous nitrogen therapy. A cross-over design was used so that each patient received both essential amino acids plus arginine and histidine and a general amino acid solution in random order. Glucose provided the remainder of the energy and both infusions contained 2 g of amino acid per 100 kcal. Each patient's daily urea nitrogen production was greater during infusion of the general amino acid solution. Consequently, nitrogen intake minus urea nitrogen production was significantly greater when the essential amino acid solution was infused. Plasma amino acid levels were determined on each patient during both essential and general amino acid infusion. Abnormalities tend to reflect the composition of the amino acid solutions as well as their administration directly into the systemic circulation bypassing the portal circulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hepatic dysfunction during hyperalimentation.

Liver biopsy specimens were studied in 26 patients in whom liver function abnormalities developed during intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). The clinical manifestations and duration of IVH were evaluated in relation to the morphological changes seen in the liver. Early hepatic changes consisted of fatty metamorphosis, and progressive intrahepatic cholestasis developed as IVH was continued. Essential fatty acid deficiency, amino acid imbalance, caloric excess, and toxic manifestations of certain amino acids are postulated as causative factors. The hepatic steatosis secondary to IVH may be treated by lowering the dextrose concentration of the infusion or by administering dextrose-free amino acid solutions. The clinical importance of this common complication of IVH is the difficulty in distinguishing it from other causes of cholestasis in seriously ill patients.

Adult↗