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Biomedical subjects

R Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to R Sanders.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The surgical correction of residual facial disfigurement produced by rhinophycomycosis entomophthorae: a case report.

Rhinophycomycosis entomophthorae is a rare tropical granulomatous infection caused by the fungal organism Entomophthora coronata. The disease arises as a submucosal granuloma, usually in the region of the inferior turbinate, spreads centrifugally to involve the nasal sinuses, alae nasae, upper lip, forehead and cheeks and may produce extensive facial deformity. The response to medical treatment with potassium iodide or co-trimoxazole is variable. We wish to report a case in which staged surgical correction of the sequelae of the disease produced a significant improvement in the facial appearance.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cross-stimulation: the unexpected stimulation of the unpaced chamber.

The ability to stimulate one chamber through a lead or output circuit to the opposite cardiac chamber is termed cross-stimulation. Three examples of this phenomenon are presented. The first involves the close proximity of the atrial lead to the ventricular myocardium with ventricular capture occurring at sufficiently high outputs; the second is due to the basic design of dual unipolar pacing systems which have output circuits that share a common anode; the third is a self-limited eccentricity of one device that occurs only during the first phase of magnet-induced asynchronous pacing. The mechanism and clinical significance of these observations are discussed.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1985

Incidence of hearing loss in high risk and intensive care nursery infants.

The incidence of hearing impairment in high risk infants is summarized for five programs which use brainstem electric response audiometry (BERA) to detect hearing loss in this population. Programs are compared with respect to the following variables which may affect reported incidence figures: population characteristics, stimulus and recording parameters, criteria for failure on the initial BERA test, and follow-up protocols. Between 10-30% of these infants fail an initial BERA test, with initial failure rate largely dependent on the failure criteria used. Approximately 10% will continue to show some degree of hearing impairment on follow-up tests at 2-5 months of age. Between 2-4% will have a moderate to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss requiring amplification and habilitation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1984

Fetal hydronephrosis: considerations regarding urological intervention.

Real-time ultrasonic imaging during pregnancy has made it possible to diagnose accurately fetal hydronephrosis as early as at 17 weeks of gestation. The ultrasonic finding of oligohydramnios in conjunction with megacystis and bilateral hydronephrosis is the most reliable indicator of marked permanent urinary tract obstruction and, therefore, is an absolute requirement for fetal urological intervention. Fetal intervention by means of percutaneous catheter drainage of the bladder into the amniotic space is undertaken to preserve renal and pulmonary function. It appears that urinary tract decompression at 17 weeks of gestation is unable to prevent renal dysplasia. The degree to which renal cortical function is preserved by fetal drainage of the hydronephrotic kidney is unknown. Experimental evidence has suggested that early urinary tract decompression promotes improved pulmonary development, which may allow for normal pulmonary function postnatally. We report 6 cases that illustrate important considerations with regard to urological intervention for fetal hydronephrosis.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Data storage and retrieval by implantable pacemakers for diagnostic purposes.

The functions of many of today's dual-chamber pacemakers are performed using custom microprocessors that are similar to those used in mainframe computers. The data storage and transmission capabilities of these microprocessor-controlled pacemakers can be used to record, process, and transmit information regarding the patient, pacemaker, or patient/pacemaker interaction. The limitations of such data processing systems depend upon (1) quantity and quality of incoming information, (2) software routines for data collection, and (3) the amount of available random access memory (RAM). Data obtained can be useful in patient management and follow-up, particularly in the areas of optimization of programming, monitoring of disease progression, assessment of pharmacologic therapy, and pacemaker troubleshooting. Anticipated advances in data collection capabilities will allow increasingly sophisticated analysis that will complement, and may in some cases, supplant the Holter monitor recording in evaluating some aspects of rhythm and/or pacemaker behavior in selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Contribution of education to cost-effective care of microcytic, hypochromic anemia.

Through a handbook, a seminar, and multiple opportunities for reinforcement in clinical settings, faculty in family medicine conducted an educational program that presented cost-effective practice standards for the care of anemia patients to resident physicians. A comparison of the quality and cost of anemia care by the residents before and during the program ascertained its value. The quality of patient care by residents rose significantly during the program. In addition, the residents' utilization of tests, therapy, and clinic visits and attendant costs reached more appropriate levels. These results should encourage faculty to respond to the current national need for the development of educational materials on cost-effective care of patients with common health problems.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1984

Cerebral high energy phosphates after hypoxic-hypotension: effect of verapamil and nifedipine.

Rats were subjected to 30 minutes of hypoxic-hypotension and then allocated to one of four treatment groups. Group I was resuscitated by restoration of FIO2 = 30% and reinfusion of shed blood plus an equal volume of additional saline. Group II received in addition nifedipine, 10 micrograms/kg, and groups III and IV received in addition either verapamil, 0.2 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg, respectively. Significantly (P less than 0.01) higher concentrations of creatine phosphate and ATP were present in the brain after nifedipine and after 1 mg/kg verapamil treatment.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1983

The course of labor in term patients with chorioamnionitis.

Labor records and internal fetal monitor tracings of 65 patients with uncomplicated term pregnancies who entered labor spontaneously and then developed chorioamnionitis were reviewed. Eighty-eight percent of patients were nulliparous. Seventy-five percent had abnormal labor, characterized by decreased uterine contractility, and 34% required cesarean delivery because of failure to progress in labor. The most common fetal heart rate abnormalities were diminished or absent variability (77%) and tachycardia (67%); 15% of the tracings had a sinusoidal pattern. Despite the high prevalence of abnormal fetal heart rate tracings, only one infant had a 5-minute Apgar score less than 7. It is concluded that chorioamnionitis has an inhibitory effect on labor. Compared to uninfected women, certain infected patients appear to require higher doses of oxytocin and greater uterine activity to effect a given change in cervical dilation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Monitoring skin flaps by colour measurement.

A technique based on reflection spectrophotometry has been tested for use as a monitor of the cutaneous circulation in experimental skin flaps. A very rapid indication was given of either arterial or venous insufficiency in a previously healthy flap. Post-operative monitoring produced characteristic traces for successful and unsuccessful free flaps. The ability of this method to discriminate between a satisfactory flap, an arterial failure, and a venous failure was highly significant (P less than 0.001).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The medicinal leech and its use in plastic surgery: a possible cause for infection.

Recent interest in the use of the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) in microsurgical practice prompted us to undertake a bacteriological study. Aeromonas hydrophila was consistently cultured from 9 leeches that we examined. This organism is pathogenic to man and we consider that there is a significant risk of infection, particularly in those procedures where the vascularity of the tissues is compromised. There are several pharmacological preparations which have similar properties to the secretion of the medicinal leech and we submit that these non-infective preparations may be worthy of investigation.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1983

A multifocal extra-abdominal desmoid tumour.

The literature on multifocal aggressive fibromatosis is reviewed and the fifth case recorded is reported. It conforms with the histopathological criteria for aggressive fibromatosis. Conservative local excision and radiotherapy have controlled the disease with preservation of a functioning limb.

Axilla↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography, ultrasound, and scintigraphy of the liver in patients with colon or breast carcinoma: a prospective comparison.

A prospective evaluation of computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and Tc-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy of the liver was performed in 189 patients who had either colon (n = 129) or breast (n = 60) carcinoma. Imaging was performed with fourth-generation CT scanners, gray-scale or phased array ultrasound scanners, and 37-tube gamma cameras. Studies were evaluated independently and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed. In addition, a standard 2 X 2 matrix analysis was performed. In patients who had all three examinations (n = 122), the matrix analysis showed that CT had a slightly higher sensitivity (0.93) than scintigraphy (0.86) or US (0.82); specificities were 0.88, 0.83, and 0.85, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. However, ROC curves showed that CT had the highest true-positive ratio at every false-positive ratio, and that US had the lowest. The performance of CT did not differ significantly from that of scintigraphy, but was better than that of US (p less than .05), especially in patients with breast carcinoma. Overall, CT provided the most accurate means for detecting liver metastases from both primary lesions.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Feature-positive effect in adults and attention to portion of stimulus array.

In three experiments, adult humans were tested in a feature-positive or feature-negative simultaneous symbol task. In Experiment 1, some persons focused on the correct side of the stimulus cards, whereas other persons focused on the not-correct side of the stimulus cards. The feature-positive group learned faster than the feature-negative group did in the correct side condition; the feature-negative group learned faster than the feature-positive group did in the not-correct side condition. In Experiments 2 and 3, all persons focused on both the correct and not-correct sides of the stimulus cards. Under these circumstances, feature-positive and feature-negative performances were comparable. These results indicated that the usual superiority of feature-positive over feature-negative learning results from a tendency to attend to only a portion of the stimulus array.

Attention↗