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Biomedical subjects

R S Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to R S Wilson.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Bloodtyping and twin zygosity: reassessment and extension.

The determination of twin zygosity by bloodtyping is reconsidered, and the model for the individual case is reformulated. The crucial diagnostic question may be phrased as follows: Given the particular array of bloodgroup phenotypes that the twins display and are concordant for, how might this array have been obtained by a pair of dizygotic twins, and how might the array have been obtained by a monozygotic pair? The solution yields a differential probability value that is uniquely tailored to the actual phenotype array shown. The procedure offers a coherent and more direct method for arriving at the needed probability figures, and it is recommended to supersede previous methods. Some similarities and differences between the methods are discussed.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1980

Psychological features of Huntington's disease and the problem of early detection.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a chronic degenerative neurologic disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Symptom onset typically occurs at about age 40, and considerable effort has been expended in attempts to diagnose the disorder prior to the childbearing years. We review attempts to use psychological tests in early diagnosis. Specifically, we identify variables that show promise as early markers of the disorder, review evidence that a prodromal phase may exist, analyze the few prospective studies of persons at risk for HD, and consider the logical and methodological problems involved in early detection research.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of efficiency of three types of crutches using oxygen consumption.

Because the axillary crutch can cause axillary artery thrombosis and crutch palsy, the elbow crutch is more frequently used. Canadian crutches combine features of both the axilla and elbow crutches. A previous study examined any advantages in terms of energy cost using heart rate. The present study re-evaluates the energy cost by using the measurement of oxygen consumption. The study further suggests that the Canadian crutches have advantages in terms of energy cost.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Domiciliary nebulised salbutamol solution in severe chronic airway obstruction.

Nine patients with severe chronic airway obstruction secondary to chronic bronchitis and emphysema all preferred nebulised salbutamol solution to placebo in a double-blind controlled trial. Four of the patients who had previously received domiciliary nebulised salbutamol failed to complete the placebo period, though all completed the active period. Five others improved subjectively on active therapy, and showed a significant improvement in morning and evening peak flows. Symptom scores for breathlessness, wheezing, and sputum production were lower in the active treatment period and standard aerosol usage fell, although these changes might have been due to chance. Patients with severe chronic airway obstruction who do not respond to conventional bronchodilator therapy should be considered for this form of treatment.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1980

Fireworks blindness: a cooperative study of Arkansas ophthalmologists and review of fireworks regulation in the South.

Through a cooperative study, 87 ocular injuries caused by class C fireworks have been recorded in the State of Arkansas over a four-year period. The most common injuries were corneal abrasion, lid laceration or burn, and hyphema. Rockets and firecrackers caused 80% of the injuries. In over half the cases there was moderate or severe injury resulting in permanent ocular damage, visual loss, or enucleation. The fireworks issue has been reviewed, stressing the necessity of collecting additional reliable data. Safety glasses would be an effective deterrent to this type of ocular injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Analysis of longitudinal twin data. Basic model and applications to physical growth measures.

A formal model is presented for the analysis of longitudinal twin data, based on the underlying analysis-of-variance model for repeated measures. The model is developed in terms of the expected values for the variance components representing twin concordance, and the derivation is provided for computing within-pair (intraclass) correlations, and for estimating the percent of variance explained by each component. The procedures are illustrated with physical growth data extending from birth to six years, and concordance estimates are obtained for average size and for the pattern of spurts and lags in growth. A test of significance is also described for comparing monozygotic twins with dizygotic twins. The procedures are particularly useful for assessing chronogenetic influences on development, especially whether the episodes of acceleration and lag occur in parallel for genetically matched twins. The model may be employed with psychological data also.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Some 11-substituted tetrahydrocannabinols. Synthesis and comparison with the potent cannabinoid metabolites 11-hydroxytetrahydrocannabinols.

A series of compounds was prepared in which the 11-hydroxyl of 11-hydroxy-delta8-THC, the potent metabolite of delta8-THC, was replaced by a methyl, methyoxy, amino, or acetamido group. All of the compounds tested produced behavioral changes in dogs, but only the methoxy compound has analgesic properties in mice. An isosteric oxime was inactive in mice.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1979

Some 9-hydroxycannabinoid-like compounds. Synthesis and evaluation of analgesic and behavioral properties.

A series of 9-hydroxylated cannabinoid-like compounds was prepared and tested for analgesic properties in mice and behavioral properties in dogs. Although the prototype compound, 9-nor-9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol, has potent antinociceptive activity in laboratory animals, the new analogues were relatively inactive. All of the compounds produced an alteration of behavior in unanesthetized dogs. Two of the compounds produced cannabinoid-like effects and the other two produced general CNS depression.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1979

Extrapulmonary factors influencing the ratio of arterial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen concentration in burn patients.

The ratio of arterial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen concentration (PaO2/FIO2) as an index of respiratory function was evaluated in 22 patients with body surface area burns of 15--80%. These results indicate that this ratio is limited in its applicability because extrapulmonary factors, such as cardiac output, oxygen consumption, and arterial oxygen content, can affect this index by alterations in the amount of venous desaturation. Useful estimates of intrapulmonary right to left shunt (Qs/Qt) from PaO2/FIO2 were obtained only when arteriovenous oxygen content differences (avDO2) were between 3--5 ml/dl. There were avDO2 values above and below 3--5 ml/dl in at least 35% of the observations. Under these circumstances, PaO2/FIO2 did not correctly reflect changes in Qs/Qt. Blood gases from central venous catheters did not mirror changes in true mixed venous blood and, thus, can lead to erroneous estimations of Qs/Qt. Rational therapy of reduced arterial oxygen saturation requires measurement of both extra- and intrapulmonary factors contributing to arterial desaturation. Measurement of PaO2/FIO2 alone will not estimate these factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Hydatid disease presenting as tension pneumothorax.

The case of stockfarmer with hydatid disease which presented as a left tension pneumothorax is described. The diagnosis was not made until the patient underwent a thoracotomy for a complicating empyema.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Synchronies in mental development: an epigenetic perspective.

Early mental development is analyzed from an evolutionary viewpoint and related to the dynamic interplay of genetic programming, maturational status, and environmental influence. Data are reported from a large sample of twins and siblings who have been tested longitudinally from 3 months to 6 years of age. Monozygotic twins became increasingly concordant with age and also paralleled each other for the spurts and lags in development. Dizygotic twins became less concordant with age and eventually matched their singleton siblings as closely as one another. The overall results suggested that the course of mental development is guided by the intrinsic scheduling of the genetic program acting in concert with maturational status and environmental influence.

Behavior↗