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Biomedical subjects

R S Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to R S Wilson.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Comparison of work of breathing on high gas flow and demand valve continuous positive airway pressure systems.

Using on-line computer analysis, the work of breathing (WOB) was measured in ten normal subjects breathing through four continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) circuits. Two systems (Emerson ventilator) and MGH elastic loaded reservoir bag (ELRB) were high continuous flow systems and two (Puritan-Bennett MA-2 and Bourns Bear Ventilators) were demand valve circuits. Mean values for the WOB were similar with either of the two continuous high flow systems (Emerson 0.41 +/- .21 kg . m . L-1; ERLB 0.49 +/- .29 kg . m . min-1) and significantly lower than with the two demand valve systems (MA-2 0.89 +/- .40 kg . m . min-1; Bourns .71 +/- .30 kg . m . min-1).

Computers↗
PubMed1982

An evaluation of a gas collection valve for use in metabolic measurements in high flow CPAP systems.

We have developed a valved gas collection assembly for high-flow CPAP systems that permits the isolation of expired gases for the analysis and computation of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production. Using volunteer subjects we compared the valved assembly with a high-flow valveless CPAP system for volume, pressure, and flow differences at end-expiratory pressure levels of 5, 7, 10, and 12 cm H2O and found that the valve produced no significant differences in the flow/pressure pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Use of a new oral analgesic, propiram fumarate, in treating postoperative ocular pain.

Fifty hospitalized patients with moderate to severe ocular pain after retinal surgery were treated with the new, potent, oral analgesic, propiram fumarate. Most patients received total daily doses of 50 to 100 mg for one or two days. Pain relief obtained was excellent or good in 92.7% of the observations. Patient and physician acceptance was 96% and 92%, respectively. Only one side effect was seen. Our overall experience was propiram was favorable.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Facemask or mouthpiece for delivery of nebulized bronchodilator aerosols?

Two methods of administering nebulized bronchodilator solution were compared in 15 patients with chronic airflow obstruction. There was no significant difference between facemask and mouthpiece as far as breathlessness, wheezing or improvement in peak expiratory flow were concerned. Ten patients preferred facemasks, three preferred mouthpieces; two preferred mouthpieces except when severely breathless, when they preferred the facemask. It is suggested that the patients be allowed to use either mask or mouthpiece depending on their preference.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Remote memory in senile dementia.

This study was designed to examine Ribot's hypothesis that the probability of forgetting an event is inversely related to the time since the occurrence of that event. Patients with senile dementia (N = 20; mean age = 67.3) and normal controls (N = 24; mean age = 69.4) were given two tests of memory for persons and events that became famous between 1930 and 1975. The results indicate that patients with senile dementia do have significant (p less than .001) difficulty recalling information from remote memory. The results do not support Ribot's hypothesis, however. The dementia patients show a relatively consistent recall deficit over the time period examined. There appears to be a trend for poorer recall of material from the 1960s and 1970s, possibly reflecting anterograde learning deficits early in the course of senile dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Management of upper airway obstruction in the intensive care unit.

Three patients under observation in ICUs developed mechanical upper airway obstruction requiring surgical intervention for airway control. One patient was treated by tracheotomy placed through a vertical midline incision and 2 patients were treated by cricothyroidotomy followed by elective tracheostomy and closure of the cricothyroidotomy. The literature of acute upper airway obstruction is reviewed and recommendations made for rapid assessment and management of these patients. The importance of rapid cricothyroidotomy through a small incision in patients unresponsive to less invasive measures is emphasized. The use of a small pediatric endotracheal tube placed through the cricothyroidotomy incision is suggested as a method to increase the speed and safety of the procedure and avoid the potential long-term complication of laryngeal stricture.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1981

Dietary allergy and specific IgE in ulcerative colitis.

Previous authors have considered that allergy to certain foodstuffs may play an important role in the aetiology of ulcerative colitis, but immunological evidence for dietary allergy in ulcerative colitis is inconclusive. A study is reported of 22 patients with ulcerative colitis, with matched controls, in whom total serum IgE and specific IgE to certain foodstuffs have been estimated by the Phadebas PRIST and RAST (Pharmacia) techniques. Allergens tested were egg-white, milk, wheat, rye, oat, fish (cod) and peanut. There was no significant difference in the total serum IgE levels and the food specific IgE activity between the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cerebellar atrophy: relationship to aging and cerebral atrophy.

We studied the incidence of computed tomography evidence of cerebellar atrophy in 20 elderly patients with dementia, 20 age-matched controls, and 40 younger normal subjects. Cerebellar vermian atrophy was present in 6 of 20 demented patients, 7 of 20 elderly controls, and 1 of 40 younger controls. There was no other atrophy of infratentorial structures except for occasional enlargement of the cisterna magna and cerebellopontine angle cisterns. Vermian atrophy did not correlate with cerebral atrophy (enlargement of either lateral ventricles or cortical sulci). None of these patients had clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction. Therefore, atrophy of the cerebellar vermis may occur selectively with aging, without atrophy of the cerebral cortex, and without clinical manifestations.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Behavioral contrasts in twinships: stability and patterns of differences in childhood.

Semistructured interviews with 305 mothers of same-sex twins were conducted periodically over the course of the twins' first 6 years. During each of the interviews, the mothers were asked to contrast the twins on a variety of specific behaviors. From the body of reports, 5 ages and 16 behaviors were selected for analysis as most illustrative of the main developmental trends for intrapair differences and similarities. For each of the behaviors, intrapair contrasts were moderately stable across age spans as long as 18-36 months. A set of behaviors related to negative aspects of temperament and a set of behaviors related to sociability were obtained at 6 months and were replicated at later ages. Concordance rates for the identical twin pairs were uniformly higher than for the fraternal pairs, suggesting that genotypic similarity was associated with intrapair similarity for aspects of emotionality and sociability.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Trial of a centralized IgE allergy service to general practitioners in a rural area.

We describe a pilot study of a community IgE service which serves a large rural area and is centred on the biochemistry laboratory and allergy clinic of a district general hospital. The service has proved useful because in many cases it has made attendance at an outpatient department unnecessary. The results appear to be reliable and have provided the general practitioners with additional knowledge of their patients. Other benefits included the investigation of larger numbers of patients, the performance of fewer skin tests and greater precision in test results because the tests were carried out by one investigator under standard conditions.

Diagnostic Services↗
PubMed1980

Benign eccrine cylindroma of the external auditory canal.

The benign eccrine cylindroma is one of a number of histologically different tumors of the external auditory canal that have been grouped by some as "ceruminomas." The eccrine cylindroma, malignant apocrine gland tumors, and the adenoid cystic carcinomas of salivary gland origin are distinctly different histologically and in natural history and prognosis. Therapy should, therefore, be tailored to the specific tumor. A patient is presented who developed an asymptomatic external auditory canal mass that was initially incompletely excised. A recurrence five years later again proved to be a benign eccrine cylindroma of sweat gland origin. Successful and adequate treatment was local excision with a cuff of normal tissue. A variety of tumors originating from the adnexal skin structures may appear in the external auditory meatus and canal. Treatment must include biopsy and close consultation with the pathologist. The term cylindroma has been loosely applied to both benign and malignant glandular neoplasms but its usage should be restricted to the specific benign eccrine cylindrome herein described. A rationale of therapy is presented.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed1980

High speed memory scanning in parkinsonism.

This study tested the hypothesis that the slowing seen in parkinsonism includes cognitive as well as motoric components. The sample consisted of 20 nondemented parkinsonian patients, group matched to 16 normals by age, education, and verbal IQ. Each group was divided into young (64 and under) and old (65 and over) subsets. The Sternberg character classification paradigm was used to measure the speed and accuracy of one cognitive function, short term memory scanning. Following a logarithmic transformation of the reaction time data, scanning speed was found to be increased, but only for the elderly patients (p = .01). Scanning accuracy was normal for both patient groups. These findings suggest that at least one cognitive function, the scanning of elements held in short term memory, is slowed in parkinsonism. This mnemonic slowing, like bradykinesia, is seen primarily in elderly parkinsonian patients. It is not readily explained as a motor phenomenon, as part of a generalized mnemonic or intellectual deficit, or as an artifact secondary to periodic extreme reaction times. The term bradyphrenia, used in early descriptions of parkinsonism, may be an apt descriptor of this deficit.

Age Factors↗