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Biomedical subjects

R S Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to R S Wilson.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Significance of genetic factors in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a review.

Observations suggesting a genetic basis for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome are reviewed with particular emphasis on the finding of familial aggregation. Studies of both Tourette syndrome and simple tic have found that approximately 30% of patients have a positive family history of tic. The significance of this figure depends on a number of factors, in particular the prevalence of positive tic histories in the population. If the latter figure is 10%, which the best available evidence suggests is a reasonable estimate, approximately 30% of families in the general population would be expected to contain at least one present or former tiquer. It is argued, therefore, that the family aggregation findings in Tourette syndrome do not support the hypothesis that the condition has a significant genetic component. Methodological considerations for future research are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1978

"No-touch" cryosurgical enucleation: a minimal trauma technique for eyes harboring intraocular malignancy.

Current surgical approaches for cancer are emphasizing minimal trauma--the so-called no-touch technique of tumor removal. Tumor seeding through the circulatory system seems reasonable, particularly with friable and necrotic tumors. Attempts to reduce metastatic seeds should originate with the original procedure. Enucleation of nontumor eyes with simultaneous intraocular manometry has shown which surgical maneuvers elevate intraocular pressure and how ocular massage can be avoided. Our surgical procedure involves a delicate surgical technique coupled with transscleral cryocoagulation to immobilize the tumor's blood supply.

Cryosurgery↗
PubMed1978

Bilateral retinal artery and choriocapillaris occlusion following the injection of long-acting corticosteroid suspensions in combination with other drugs: II. Animal experimental studies.

An experimental dog model was used to reproduce the clinical picture of bilateral arteriole and choriocapillaris occlusion from a unilateral intracarotid injection of long-acting corticosteroids combined with other drugs including lidocaine, epinephrine, and penicillin. All five known long-acting corticosteroids, when combined with 1:1000,000 epinephrine, elicited vasoconstriction followed by dilatation of the retinal vessels with particulate material occlusion of the retinal vessels and choriocapillaris associated with small retinal hemorrhages. The fluorescein picture is described. The particles were identified by polarization as the long-acting corticosteroid.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Bilateral retinal artery and choriocapillaris occlusion following the injection of long-acting corticosteroid suspensions in combination with other drugs: I. Clinical studies.

Two well-documented cases of bilateral retinal artery and choriocapillaris occlusions with blindness following head and neck soft-tissue injection with methylprednisolone acetate in combination with lidocaine, epinephrine, or penicillin are reported. One case had only a unilateral injection. The acute observations included hazy sensorium, superior gaze palsy, pupillary abnormalities, and conjunctival hemorrhages with edema. Follow-up changes showed marked visual loss, constricted visual fields, optic nerve pallor, vascular attenuation, and chorioretinal atrophy. The literature is reviewed, and possible causes are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ocular vitrectomy.

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Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1977

No-touch technique for intraocular malignant melanomas.

Large variations in intraocular pressure occur during enucleation, scleral depression, 32P testing, and vigorous rubbing of an eye. Data from animal studies show that during a critical phase of an intraocular malignant melanoma, ocular massage significantly decreased longevity due to increased metastastic disease. We report "no-touch" technique to prevent tumor spread from occurring secondary to ocular manipulation during enucleation. This technique avoids IOP elevations above 50 mm Hg before freezing completely around the tumor, thereby preventing flow of fluid and blood to or from the tumor prior to the manipulation necessary for enucleation. Theoretically, the patient with an ocular tumor should be warned against vigorous rubbing of his eyes and hard lid squeezes or diagnostic techniques that elevate IOP. The ophthalmologist should perform enucleation with gentieness and avoid pressure on the globe. Patients who are being followed up with a suspected ocular tumor should be warned not to rub or vigorously squeeze their eyelids.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Functional status of patients with large ventricular septal defect and pulmonary vascular disease 6 to 16 years after surgical closure of their defect in childhood.

We have reviewed 27 patients now 6 to 16 years after closure of a ventricular septal defect at 3 to 12 years of age associated with pulmonary hypertension with a view to assessing their quality of life, respiratory function, and exercise performance. All the patients led normal unrestricted lives. Their subjective lack of symptoms was, in general, confirmed by the results obtained from assessment of lung function tests and two-stage exercise testing in 19 volunteers. Abnormal ventilation in relation to work load was noted in 5 patients and a slightly low exercise cardiac output in 6. Although the patients led normal lives and had a satisfactory response to exercise, measurement of pulmonary artery pressure showed striking pulmonary hypertension on effort. Despite the satisfactory progress of these patients their more long-term future must be one of conjecture and their residual pulmonary hypertension, indicative of residual pulmonary obstruction, must lend weight to arguments for earlier closure of ventricular septal defect before 1 to 2 years of age when changes in the pulmonary vascular bed may be reversed after closure of the defect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Penicillamine therapy in systemic sclerosis.

Twenty-two patients with progressive systemic sclerosis were treated with D-penicillamine in doses ranging up to 1250 mg/day for periods varying between a few months and four years. Side-effects occurred in 7 patients, necessitating drug withdrawal in 2. Cutaneous benefit occurred in 15 patients, but owing to side-effects from the drug, relapses, and development, persistence or advancement of visceral complications, an overall good result only occurred in 5. Seven patients showed improvements in joint function, but only 3 were regarded as having an overall good result. Peripheral vascular disease and visceral involvement seemed not to be influenced by D-penicillamine and sometimes appeared or advanced during treatment. Six patients died from visceral manifestations of systemic sclerosis and one from another cause. D-penicillamine is of limited value for the cutaneous features of progressive systemic sclerosis, but probably of no value for the vascular and visceral manifestations of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Idiopathic chorioretinal effusion: An analysis of extracellular fluids.

A case of nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachment with choroidal detachment was seen 3 weeks after onset and was evaluated clinically with emphasis on the fluid contents from one eye. The right eye showed slight subretinal fluid and minimal RPE pigmentary mottling. The left eye was severely involved with a near flat anterior chamber, a 360 degrees peripheral serous retinal detachment with shifting fluid and 360 degrees choroidal separations. Fluorescein showed mottled retinal pigment epithelium changes in each eye. Cell free samples of the subretinal fluid were high in protein (16.5 gm/100 ml) with a near absence of the alpha-2 fraction. Epichoroidal fluid from the choroidal detachments exhibited a protein content and makeup similar to that of normal plasma. The concentration of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid was elevated (0.096 gm/100 ml) without evidence of inflammatory changes. Ultrastructural examinations of sclera revealed a normal structure. There was no indication of the cause of the elevated protein content of the subretinal and spinal fluids. Following subretinal and epichoroidal fluid evacuation, the patient was treated with systemic steroids. The retinal and choroidal separations subsided slowly over several months, leaving multiple retinal pigment epithelial pigmentary clumps with drusen-like centers. A more appropriate name for this entity is idiopathic chorioretinal effusion.

Blood Proteins↗