Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R S Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to R S Wilson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Primary memory and secondary memory in dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Free recall of word lists was investigated in a sample of 47 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and 31 normal controls of equivalent age and education. Recall was divided into primary memory (PM) and secondary memory (SM) components based on the number of items intervening between presentation and recall. The findings were as follows: (1) the patients showed a greater deficit on the SM than on the PM measure; (2) there was little evidence of proactive interference in the patient group; (3) the PM and SM measures were independent in the controls but not in the patient group; and, (4) the size of patients' PM deficit increased linearly with increasing items between presentation and attempted recall. These results suggest that the memory disorder of DAT is partially the result of defective PM.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Asthma presenting as cor pulmonale.

A 29-year-old man with asthma presenting as right sided congestive cardiac failure is reported. There was rapid resolution of the heart failure with standard bronchodilator therapy and corticosteroid therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of the oxygen cost of breathing between a continuous-flow CPAP system and a demand-flow CPAP system.

We undertook a study to measure the difference in work of breathing, as reflected by oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2), between that on a continuous-flow CPAP system (Emerson IMV) and that on a demand-flow CPAP system (Bennett MA-2). A specially designed valve permitted the isolation and collection of expired gases from the Emerson IMV/CPAP ventilator. Ten patients receiving CPAP therapy were selected for study. Each patient was alternately placed on the Emerson CPAP system and on the MA-2 CPAP system; the order was determined randomly. For each patient the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) and the end-expiratory pressure were kept the same. The inspired and expired gases were collected and analyzed by the Beckman Metabolic Measurement Cart (MMC). Analyses of VO2, VCO2, respiratory quotient, minute ventilation, tidal volume (VT), respiratory rate, and FIO2 were made serially at approximately 45-second intervals for 8 minutes. A comparison between the Emerson continuous-flow CPAP system and the MA-2 demand-flow CPAP system revealed that with the MA-2 the mean values for VO2, VCO2, and VT were, respectively, 16.3%, 12.6%, and 6.4% higher, a statistically significant difference. We believe that this difference was probably due to the additional effort required of the patient on the MA-2 to open and close the demand valve.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The Louisville Twin Study: developmental synchronies in behavior.

The Louisville Twin Study includes nearly 500 pairs of twins and their siblings who have participated in a longitudinal study of mental development, beginning in infancy and extending to adolescence. The results show that individual differences beginning in infancy and extending to adolescence. The results show that individual differences in intelligence progressively stabilized by school age, and each child followed a distinctive pattern of spurts and lags in mental development. Monozygotic twins became increasingly concordant over ages and matched each other closely for developmental trends. By contrast, dizygotic twins regressed to an intermediate level of concordance, comparable with that found for siblings and parent-offspring sets. A comprehensive home assessment was performed to identify the home/family variables that contributed to mental development. The overall results pointed to a strong developmental thrust in the growth of intelligence, which was principally guided by an intrinsic genetic ground plan. Qualitative features of home and family did, however, add significantly to prediction of offspring IQ. The results are interpreted in the context of Waddington's developmental model, and some recent advances in neurobiology and genetics are surveyed for their implications for developmental behavior genetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ocular melanoma: surgical experience with "no touch" enucleation.

There is a controversy among ophthalmologists concerning the management of ocular melanomas. The "no touch" cryoenucleation technic was designed to prevent dissemination of tumor emboli during enucleation. I have observed no significant complications in five years of experience with this technic. It is a simple, safe, and potentially lifesaving procedure. My method is observation of very small lesions compatible with melanoma until growth occurs. At the 8 to 10 mm size or larger, "no touch" cryoenucleation is used provided the fellow eye is seeing.

Eye Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Intrinsic determinants of temperament.

Infant twins have been recruited to participate in a longitudinal assessment of temperament, beginning at three months of age. The twins are brought into a structured laboratory setting and are videotaped as they interact with the mother, with staff personnel, and with each other. The infant's temperament is rated from the videotapes, and additional data are obtained by having the parents fill out the Infant/Toddler Temperament Questionnaire at each visit. A neonatal assessment has also been done for most twins to obtain initial measures of irritability, reactivity and soothability. Monozygotic twins showed high concordance for irritability as neonates, and for ratings of emotional tone at 12 months. Monozygotic twins also tended to show synchronized patterns of change between ages. The questionnaire ratings correlated significantly with the laboratory ratings at six and 12 months, and this convergent linkage between two sources argues for a core temperament profile that manifests itself with some consistency.

Attention↗
PubMed1982

ANnomalous duplication of inferior oblique muscle.

During an operation for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, an anomalous right inferior oblique muscle was found incidentally in a 59-year-old woman. The patient showed no muscle imbalance and had no clinical history of muscle imbalance. The anomaly consisted of parallel muscles (apparently originating from a common origin) inserting separately into the sclera. No other muscle anomalies were noted.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Facial recognition memory in dementia.

Previous investigations of memory in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) have focused on verbal learning and memory. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the amnesia of SDAT is limited to verbal material. Patients with SDAT (N = 29; mean age = 69.3) and healthy normal controls (N = 41; mean age = 69.3) were given a test of facial perception and two recognition memory tasks, one for words and one for faces. The results indicate that dementia patients show a deficit in the retention of facial information. This deficit cannot be attributed to faculty initial perception or to a response bias. The verbal and facial memory deficits in SDAT appear to differ: performance on tests of verbal and facial memory is relatively independent, and substantial encoding and linguistic defects contribute to the verbal, but not the facial, memory disorder resulting in more severe impairment on tests of verbal memory. The implications of these findings for research on the neuropharmacology and pathophysiology of SDAT are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Ocular fireworks injuries and blindness. An analysis of 154 cases and a three-state survey comparing the effectiveness of model law regulation.

154 detailed ocular fireworks injuries in 143 patients are summarized. One half of these injuries were the result of bottle rockets. The most common injuries were corneal abrasion, hyphema, and lid burns or lacerations. Thirty percent of these injuries resulted in permanent damage with visual loss, and 14% suffered lacerated globes. Three quarters of these severe injuries were the results of bottle rockets. The incidence and severity of ocular fireworks injuries in this study are higher than other large series. While states that outlaw fireworks except for public display (so-called "Model Law") still have injuries, the incidence is greatly reduced, and the injuries are less severe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Reduction in endothelial cell density following cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation.

Comparison of endothelial cell density by specular photomicroscopy of the right and left eyes after single eye surgery shows a similar reduction in endothelial cell density to that recorded between pre- and postoperative photographs in the operated eye. A review of 43 single-eye cataract extractions, with and without placement of a prepupillary intraocular lens, confirms that the major cause of endothelial cell loss is operative trauma to the endothelium. In our experience a cataract extraction with lens implantation but without endothelial contact produces no greater reduction in cell density than the cataract extraction alone.

Cataract Extraction↗