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Biomedical subjects

R Roos

Publications and source records attributed to R Roos.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Transformation of rifamycin S into rifamycins B and L. A revision of the current biosynthetic hypothesis.

The transformation of rifamycin S into rifamycins B and L was reinvestigated in order to establish more detailed pathways. Our results exclude rifamycin O as a common progenitor in the biosyntheses of rifamycins B and L. Rifamycins B and L are formed from rifamycin S (SV) by different pathways using different C3-precursors for the biosynthesis of their glycolic acid moieties. A thiamine-dependent enzyme (decarboxylase) seems to be involved in the transformation reaction.

Acremonium↗
PubMed1981

[The diagnostic significance of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in bacterial meningitis in children (author's transl)].

In 52 children with meningitis caused by Hemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, meningococci and group B streptococci the organism responsible could be identified in 41 cases (79%) within one hour with specific antisera by means of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). False positive results were not observed in meningitis caused by other organisms, aseptic meningitis, septicemia, etc. In 4 cases the organism could only be identified by CIE since the children had received antibiotics and the culture was negative. Group B meningococci are often missed in CIE. CIE proved to be a valuable tool in diagnostic procedures of bacterial meningitis.

Child↗
PubMed1980

[Clinical differentiation between idiopathic respiratory distress, neonatal septicemia caused by group B streptococci and septicemia caused by other pathogens (author's transl)].

Since bacterial infection in newborns must be treated as specifically and as early as possible, it is important to confirm a diagnosis of suspected infection based on clinical symptoms and to take possible pathogens into consideration when choosing therapy. RDS and septicemia with Group B streptococci can present very similar clinical symptoms, but leucopenia on the first day of life is most probably an indication of septicemia with Group B streptococci. Septicemia caused by other pathogens, however, usually has a much later onset. In the days following birth a raised cardiothoracic index indicates RDS. Other differential criteria are being investigated.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1980

Diagnosis and therapy of anaerobic infections in childhood.

There are two main periods of manifestation of anaerobic infections in childhood. In the neonatal period anaerobic septicaemia is usually mild with a lower mortality rate, but has essentially the same causes as aerobic septicaemia (premature rupture of the membranes, amniotic infection syndrome after ascending infection). The latter cases comprise about 10% of aerobic septicaemias. Later in childhood, the pathogenesis of anaerobic infections is similar to that in adulthood. Anaerobic infections occur after surgery, particularly of the abdominal region, in malignancies, immunodeficiency and aspiration. With the exception of Bacteroides fragilis, most anaerobes are sensitive to penicillin. A high percentage of clinically important anaerobes are sensitive to clindamycin, chloramphenicol and metronidazole.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1980

[Chlamydia trachomatis as pathogen in pneumonia in a newborn infant (author's transl)].

A report is given of a newborn who developed signs of hepatitis two weeks after a normal birth, and only later respiratory symptoms of pneumonia. The infant had pronounced tachypnea, incresed immunoglobulins, eosinophilia and leucocytosis. X-rays in the initial stages showed interstitial infiltrates with alveolar hyperaeration, and in the later stages patchy alveolar infiltrates. Chlamydia trachomatis was cultured from the tracheal secretion. In making a differential diagnosis in cases of neonatal pneumonia infection with trachomatis must thus also be considered.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Guidelines for adequate chemotherapeutic dosage in newborns and infants with septicaemia and meningitis.

The chemotherapy of septicaemia in newborns differs fundamentally from that in older children or adults because, although newborns have a fully developed immunological system, the system has not yet "learned" to operate completely. Ultimately, optimal chemotherapy can only be found empirically. In this respect a few basic guidelines can be given however: 1. The initial therapy must bring the pathogen under control with a high degree of certainty, since a correction in therapy following pathogen indentification is usually too late. 2. Since the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in newborns vary considerably, the minimal peak serum concentration observed should exceed the MIC of the pathogen. 3. In rapidly maturing newborns and premature babies the pharmacokinetics of each antibiotic must be known precisely. 4. Since in the individual case there can never be absolute certainty with respect to the three above-mentioned problems, combination therapy should be given at all times.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1979

[Radiologic findings in newborns with group B streptococcal septicemia: clinical importance of heart size and lung manifestations (author's transl)].

Chest radiographs of thirteen neonates with group B streptococcal septicemia were evaluated for signs of early diagnosis. Six of the neonates had chest radiographs as seen in idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Seven patients had radiologic findings consistent with neonatal pneumonia. The children with RDS were in general smaller and born prematurelly, but three neonates with x-rays resembling RDS had normal birth weights and thus were mature. Cardiomegaly was observed in a high percentage with a prevalence in children with RDS. Heart size increased in two of the three children who died, but became normal in patients recovering from infection. Three patients had pleural effusions.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

The immunological state of the neonate following surgery--consequences for immunotherapy of neonatal septicaemia.

In addition to an innate functional dysmaturity of the neonate's immune system, operation, anaesthesia, and intensive care measures can significantly worsen this physiological immune deficiency. Given the fact that antimicrobial therapy as well as progress in intensive care of infected operated neonates and prematures did not significantly decrease the high mortality rate in this patient age group we began performing fresh-blood exchange transfusions as supportive immunotherapy in the treatment of neonatal septicaemia. Since indication for exchange transfusion has been adopted as early as septicaemia was suspected only 46% of the operated neonates (13 out of 28) died of their infection, compared to 82% of the patients (23 out of 28) who did not undergo exchange transfusion.

Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood↗
PubMed1978

[Group B streptococcus infections during the neonatal period (author's transl)].

Nowadays, in severe infections during the neonatal period new bacteria--group B streptococci--have to be taken into account, since in some clinics they already predominate over gramnegative rods. Septicemia and meningitis may be caused by group B streptococci. The septicemia which especially threatents prematures starts with apnoeic spells in the very first hours after birth and may be easily misdiagnosed as an idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. The mortality is very high (about 60%). Meningitis starts later, normally during the 3rd to 4th week. Seizures are typical at the onset. Group B streptococci may be identified in the CSF by counterimmunoelectrophoresis within one hour. The prognosis is more favourable in meningitis than in septicemia (mortality about 20%). Survivors have little neurological sequelae. Penicillin G or ampicillin combination with an aminoglycoside is recommended as chemotherapy. Exchange transfusion should be considered early. Group B streptococci causing the septic form may be transfered during labour since up to 25% of pregnant women are colonized. Nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci may be the reason for meningitis. Prophylactic penicillin does not seem to help in preventing the disease, but it is possible, that meningitis of the newborn may be prevented by immunizing the mother during pregnancy.

Age Factors↗