Quantitative bacterial counts were carried out on 161 gastric aspirates of 65 neonates with gastrostomy. In comparison to 101 controls--cultures of premature infants without gastrostomy--Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, Pseudomonas and Candida were found far more frequently (p less than 0.01). The colonization of the stomach was influenced by the duration of gastrostomy and by the pH of the gastric juice but not by systemic antibiotic therapy or the kind of food. Six newborns with gastrostomy developed septicaemia caused by the same organisms as we had found in elevated numbers in their gastric aspirates. The influence of non-absorbable antibiotics was studied prospectively in 72 gastric aspirates and 48 stool specimens. There was no highly significant difference between infants who had been treated with these antibiotics and those who had not.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of cefmenoxime in children with bacterial meningitis.

Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of cefmenoxime were determined either microbiologically or by means of HPLC in 20 children with proven or suspected bacterial meningitis. Sixteen children suffered from bacterial meningitis: causative organisms were Haemophilus influenzae type b (n = 10), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 4) and Neisseria meningitidis (n = 2). In these patients the cefmenoxime concentration in the CSF ranged from 0.9 to 12.2 mg/l, with a mean concentration of 4.63 mg/l 1.5-3 h after the last intravenous cefmenoxime application and 24-48 h after initiating therapy with 200 mg cefmenoxime/kg/d in four doses. In eight cases the bactericidal titers of the CSF were examined during therapy. Titers between 1:64 and 1:2,048, exceeding the minimal bactericidal concentration, were found. After five doses of cefmenoxime 50 mg/kg, two CSF cultures showed bacterial growth: one H. influenzae (bactericidal titer in CSF 1:256) and one S. pneumoniae.

Cefmenoxime↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronic osteomyelitis of the clavicle].

From 1978 to 1987, 139 children were treated for osteomyelitis at our institution, among them 6 with osteomyelitis of the clavicle. All six patients presented with a primary chronic osteomyelitis. Three children sustained a trauma anamnestically. Pathohistological examinations revealed a chronic, unspecific inflammation in all cases. Immobilisation was achieved by means of a DESAULT-cast or an abduction splint for 7 to 36 weeks, antibiotics (clindamycin) were given for 6 to 55 weeks, starting with intravenous administration for 1 weeks maximally. All patients were primarily operated on, mostly undergoing curettage of affected regions or partial resection. After 4 to 10 years, 4 children are well and without evidence of recurrence, 2 children are still under treatment for recurrences.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

NuMA: evaluation of a new biomarker for the detection of low stage colorectal cancer.

An enzyme immunoassay for NuMA was evaluated in a retrospective clinical study for its potential utility in the detection of colorectal cancer. The concentrations of NuMA and CEA (Abbott IMx) were measured in sera from 86 patients (presurgical) with colorectal cancer, 72 subjects with benign gastrointestinal diseases, 80 subjects with risk factors for colorectal cancer, and 141 age-matched healthy subjects. Reference values for NuMA and CEA were calculated by two methods: 95% cumulative distribution and ROC analyses versus healthy subjects. By the first method, NuMA and CEA both had approximately 20% sensitivity for colorectal cancer. By the second method (which generated lower reference values), NuMA was more sensitive than CEA for colorectal cancer. This improved sensitivity was most evident in Dukes B subjects. By either analysis method, NuMA was more sensitive than CEA for subjects at risk for developing colorectal cancer, whereas CEA was more specific for benign gastrointestinal diseases.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Recommendations of the German Society of Pediatric Infectology for antibiotic therapy of group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis].

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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of preservative adsorption onto nylon membrane filters.

Pharmaceutical drug products often contain antimicrobial agents as a preservative in their formulation. These excipients are required to destroy or impede the growth of microorganisms that inadvertently enter the product during manufacturing. Unfortunately, these preservatives may also interfere with microbiological assays used to determine product sterility or bioburden levels. The extent of interference by these preservatives can be quite significant, but varies depending on the method used. The most frequently used method for testing parenteral drug products is the membrane filtration technique. Membrane filters are composed of a wide variety of materials such as cellulose, polycarbonate, acrylic polypropylene, Teflon, and nylon. This study evaluated the adsorption characteristics that nylon filters, obtained from five different manufacturers, had on the filtration of solutions of four different antimicrobial compounds (phenol, methylparaben, propylparaben, and benzalkonium chloride). The adsorption properties were determined using both HPLC and microbiological assay techniques. The data revealed that there was a wide range in the amounts of antimicrobial agent (2.3 to 94.1%) bound to the membrane filters when direct product filtration was used without a subsequent rinse step. However, when a rinse step is included, only propylparaben showed any significant "true" adsorption (less than 1 to 33.3%), but showed only marginal bacterial inhibition. Interestingly, the microbiological assays indicated that with a saline rinse step, only benzalkonium chloride was lethal for the two challenge organisms even though the percent adsorbed as measured by HPLC was below 1%. This discrepancy is significant because it demonstrates the analytical limitation when using HPLC to detect minimal concentrations of benzalkonium chloride that may be deleterious to microorganisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adsorption↗

PubMedDate not supplied