Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Roos

Publications and source records attributed to R Roos.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Bactericidal activity of enoxacin and ciprofloxacin in body fluids].

Until present studies are lacking which investigate the bactericidal activity of new quinolones in body fluids. Therefore, we determined bactericidal titers of enoxacin (en) and ciprofloxacin (cip) against a typical pathogen in urinary tract infections (Escherichia coli) in urine and against a typical pathogen in respiratory tract infections (Streptococcus pyogenes) in sputum, in each case at the time of peak and trough levels (In vitro data of the test strains: E. coli - MICen = 0.06 mg/l, MICcip = 0.06 mg/l, MBCen = 0.5 mg/l, MBCcip = 0.25 mg/l; Streptococcus pyogenes - MICen = 32 mg/l, MICcip = 1 mg/l, MBCen greater than 64 mg/l, MBCcip greater than 64 mg/l). Following a randomization list, ten healthy volunteers took either 400 mg enoxacin b.i.d. for three days, then (after a break of at least three days) 500 mg ciprofloxacin b.i.d. for three days, or vice versa. Two and 12 hours after the final dose, samples of sputum were taken, urine was collected 2-4 h and 10-12 h after the final dose. The bactericidal titers against E. coli in urine were greater than 1:512 (2-4 h after the final dose) and greater than 1:64 (10-12 h after the final dose) for both quinolones in all cases. On the other hand, as to S. pyogenes were found growth in every dilution of sputum. These results confirm the scepticism against quinolone therapy of respiratory tract infections caused by streptococci.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1987

Late denervation in patients with antecedent paralytic poliomyelitis.

The development of new weakness, fatigue, and pain decades after acute paralytic poliomyelitis is a recognized syndrome. We conducted a controlled study of this syndrome by analyzing clinical, electromyographic, and muscle-biopsy features in 18 patients with a history of poliomyelitis--13 reporting 1 to 20 years of new weakness and 5 without new symptoms. The patients with new weakness also reported new muscle atrophy (9 of 13) and fatigue (10 of 13), symptoms not reported by the controls. The age at the time of acute poliomyelitis, severity of poliomyelitis, residual disability, number of years since acute poliomyelitis, and age at the time of study were comparable in the weakening and control groups. Evidence of remote denervation consistent with antecedent poliomyelitis was demonstrated in all patients by electromyography or muscle biopsy or both. In addition, active denervation (as evidenced by spontaneous activity on conventional electromyography, increased jitter on single-fiber electromyography, or atrophic myofibers) was found in 12 patients in the weakening group and in all 5 controls. Immunohistochemical detection of myofibers expressing the neural-cell adhesion molecule corroborated ongoing denervation in both patient groups. When muscle data from both groups were pooled, correlations were observed between the extent of past reinnervation and the degree of ongoing motor-unit instability. We conclude that the extensive reinnervation of denervated muscle that occurs in paralytic poliomyelitis may be followed by late denervation of the previously reinnervated muscle fibers. Electromyographic and muscle-biopsy evidence of ongoing denervation does not distinguish between stable patients with prior paralytic poliomyelitis and those with new weakness.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Relevance of vesico-ureteric reflux in development of lipid A antibodies in recurrent urinary tract infections in children--a preliminary study.

The serum titres of IgG and IgM antibodies to lipid A were measured in 24 children with chronic pyelonephritis (PN), 55 with recurrent lower urinary tract infections (LUTI), 13 with gram-negative sepsis (S), and in 50 control children using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Children ranged in age from 1 month-17 years. Patients with PN were differentiated by the presence or absence of an acute infectious episode and/or vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR). During an acute episode in PN and LUTI, IgG titres were significantly higher than in controls, but only PN patients with an acute infectious episode also had significantly elevated IgM titres. Overall, children with LUTI showed a significantly lower frequency of detectable IgG lipid A antibodies (27%) than in PN (63%). In PN children with VUR not accompanied by an infectious episode, lipid A antibody was found at relatively low titres, while an episode not accompanied by VUR displayed significantly elevated IgG titres, and an episode accompanied by VUR showed elevation of both IgG and IgM anti-lipid A antibody titres.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sciatic endometriosis: a treatable sensorimotor mononeuropathy.

Sciatic endometriosis may cause cyclic sciatic pain and a sensorimotor mononeuropathy. Neurophysiologic tests and conventional radiologic examinations are of little value in delineating this lesion, but the pelvic CT appearance of sciatic endometriosis is distinctive. Suppression of the ovarian cycle and surgical removal of endometriosis and adhesions from in and around the sciatic nerve usually relieve the pain and stabilize neurologic function.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Detection of visna virus antigens and RNA in glial cells in foci of demyelination.

Visna is a slow virus infection of sheep in which the characteristic pathological change is demyelination in foci of inflammation. The latter is thought to be the result of an immunopathological process directed against cellular and antigenic targets that have been difficult to define because of restricted viral gene expression. A new simultaneous detection assay is used to demonstrate viral RNA in cells identified unambiguously as oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. These cells were found in inflammatory foci. With a new strain of virus that causes a rapid form of visna in Icelandic sheep, viral antigens were demonstrated in cells in the inflammatory lesions. These findings are consistent with the postulated immunopathological mechanism of demyelination: cells that maintain intact myelin sheaths in the central nervous system are destroyed by the inflammatory response to viral antigens expressed in these cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunology of multiple sclerosis.

Evidence points to the conclusion that abnormal regulation of the immune response in MS contributes to ongoing immune activity.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1983

[Bacterial colonization of the stomach in newborn infants with gastrostomy].

Quantitative bacterial cultures were carried out in 137 gastric aspirates of 52 neonates with gastrostomies due to intestinal malformations. In 28% there was no growth of any organism, in 72% we found one to four bacterial species. Most often enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus epidermidis and candida albicans could be cultured. We could not find any influence of systemic antibiotic therapy on bacterial colonization of the stomach. On the other hand nystatin given orally significantly decreased colonization by candida albicans. Different types of formulas or breast milk had no influence on types of species isolated. Clinically it was interesting to note that 12/52 children developed diarrhea and that 6 newborns developed septicaemia caused by the same organisms as we had found in elevated numbers in their gastric aspirates.

Candida↗
PubMed1982

[Post-splenectomy infections and Pneumococcus vaccination in paediatric surgery (author's transl)].

Morbidity and lethality rates in pneumococal infections are higher among children with underlying diseases associated with restricted or absent splenic function. Vaccination with polyvalent vaccine is indicated in all children who are more than 2 years old and who have been splenectomized or have a congenital asplenia. Since protection by vaccination is 80% only, we combine the vaccination with penicillin prophylaxis for at present at least three to five years after splenectomy and draw the express attention of parents and family physicians to the limited nature of protection afforded by vaccination. An increase in the immunogenicity of polysaccharid antigen vaccine might lead to successful vaccination of children below 2 years of age who are notable for a particularly high risk of infection. First reports have been published in literature on the possibility of re-implantation of splenic tissue after post-traumatic rupture (17, 27, 28) so that it may become possible to employ this method additionally to pneumococcus vaccination. In case of haematological indication for splenectomy this should be postponed as far as possible until the child has completed his fifth year of life.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗