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Biomedical subjects

R Rochels

Publications and source records attributed to R Rochels.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Pathobiochemical aspects of corneal neovascularization].

Natural inflammatory compounds were implanted in the corneas of rabbits to clarify the question whether corneal neovascularization is induced by stromal edema alone, or by neovascular mediators. It could be demonstrated that prostaglandin E1 and E2 have an angiogenic capacity, whereas their precursor (arachidonic acid) as well as PGA1, A2, B2, I2 and thromboxane A2 were inactive in this regard. Histology showed that corneal neovascularization is always accompanied by the invasion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Corneal edema in the beginning of angiogenesis can be explained by the activities of PGE's (vasodilation, increase of vascular permeability). The implantation of lipoxygenase-dependent arachidonic acid compounds (5-HETE, leukotriene B4) demonstrated that these mediators share in the process of neovascularization by inducing the chemotaxis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Results of A-scan echography in diseases of the orbit].

Standard A-scan sonography was performed in 191 patients with orbital mass lesions. In 36 cases tissue differentiation was not possible; in a further 11 patients the orbital lesion was not detected by ultrasonography. However, it provided an accurate histological diagnosis preoperatively in 87% of the remaining 144 patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

[Varicosis of the angular vein--a rare differential diagnosis].

Report on a female patient with an indolent, bluish tumor medial to the inner canthus; after a Valsalva-maneuver, echography and phlebography had been performed, a solitary varix of the angular vein was diagnosed; and confirmed by surgery and histological study. Possible differential diagnoses and clinical significance (danger of intraoperative aspiration of air with subsequent lethal air embolism) are discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

[Echographic diagnosis in diseases of the efferent tear ducts].

We report the results of our echographic examinations of 250 patients with diseases of the lacrimal drainage system. First, normal A- and B-scan pictures are presented. Then the echographic criteria of malformations (persistence of the valve of Hasner, dacryocystocele), dacryocystitis and its complications (fistula, membrane-formation, stenosis) are discussed. The possibility of pre- and postoperative controls with echography is stressed. Tumors of the lacrimal sac can also easily be detected.

Cysts↗
PubMed1984

In vivo evidence for the chemotactic activity of cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-dependent compounds using a corneal implantation technique.

Cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-dependent compounds of arachidonic acid were studied in a corneal implantation technique concerning their chemotactic activity for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Arachidonic acid, prostaglandins A1, A2, B2, I2, thromboxane A2 and leukotriene D4 showed no activity, whereas leukotriene B4 was the most potent chemoattractant substance for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, followed by 5-HETE, prostaglandins E2 and E1. This gives evidence for the decisive role of some prostaglandins and leukotrienes in inflammation in general, and in corneal inflammatory processes in special.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1984

[Echographic diagnosis of the ethmoid sinus. II: Clinical findings].

We report on our first clinical results of the echographical examination in ethmoidal diseases using the transocular sound beam direction, and present the A- and B-scan findings in ethmoidal inflammation, mucoceles and tumours. If bony defects in the medical orbital wall and orbital involvement are present, standardized A-scan sonography enables us not only to detect, localise and measure, but also to differentiate various ethmoidal tumours.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed1984

[Echographic diagnosis of orbital floor fractures].

In this study symptoms of fractures of the orbital floor are described. The problems of diagnosis by x-ray are demonstrated. There is no evidence of bony fractures in many cases in standard x-ray pictures. Diagnosis of fractures of the orbital floor is established in most patients by polytomography. This method, however, implicates the disadvantage of high radiation exposure. Experimental studies have shown that fractures of a width of at least 1 mm. and bony fragments greater than 1 X 1 mm. can be visualized in the B-scan. All 62 cases of fractures of the orbital floor found intraoperatively had been diagnosed by ultrasound before surgery.

Fractures, Open↗
PubMed1984

[Echographic diagnosis of the ethmoid sinus. I: General principles, experimental studies, study technic and normal findings].

A technique for the echographical examination of the ethmoidal sinus is presented. Experimental and clinical investigations have shown that the medium and even the posterior part of the ethmoid can be examined, if the probe is placed on the anesthesized conjunctiva of the lateral part of the palpebral fissure. Experimental and normal findings are demonstrated and discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental studies on the effect of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis inhibitors on epithelial regeneration of the cornea].

Total abrasion of the corneal epithelium was performed in New Zealand white rabbits; then the influence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was studied macro- and microscopically. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin had no influence on reepithelialization, but increased the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the epithelium and stroma. The lipoxygenase inhibitor Bay 08276 accelerated reepithelialization significantly by inhibiting the chemotaxis and degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. From our results it is possible to produce a flowchart on the pathophysiology of corneal regeneration, including the different mechanisms of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Echographic findings in choroidal detachment].

A- and B-scan sonography was performed in 83 patients with choroidal detachment; a serous choroidal detachment is characterized by high, bifurcated echospikes and an echo-free subchoroidal space in A-scan sonography. The B-scan presents a typical arc shape. In hemorrhagic choroidal detachment multiple echoes with low to medium reflectivity can be demonstrated in the subchoroidal space. The echographic differential diagnosis of other intraocular diseases is discussed.

Choroid↗
PubMed1983

[Aplasia of retinal vessels in congenital cytomegaly].

Case report on a premature male infant, born in the 34th week of pregnancy with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bronchitis, hepatitis, marked cortical and subcortical atrophy of the brain with enlargement of the inner and outer subarachnoid space, with severe cerebral motility disorders and convulsions. Blood serology showed rapidly increasing cytomegaly titers, which were also elevated in the serum of the mother. The ophthalmological examination revealed a hypoplastic, white papilla in both eyes. Neither retinal arteries nor veins were seen. The macula and retinal periphery were normal. There were no signs of acute or passed retinochorioiditis. Temporary opacification of the cornea was observed. In connection with the pediatric findings the authors interpret the aplasia of the retinal vessels and the hypoplasia of the optic nerve as a result of a cytomegaly infection prior to the 4th month of pregnancy, which prevented normal development of the vessels. The temporary opacity of the cornea could be a reaction of the corneal endothelium against the virus.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1983

[Artifacts in A and B-scan echograms following the implantation of artificial lenses].

In the A scan and B scan echogram of the eye and orbit artifacts may arise following implantation of an intraocular lens. Their origin, form, and localization can be explained by means of physics. Reverberation, foreign body, refraction, and absorption artifacts can be distinguished; familiarity with their appearance will avoid erroneous interpretation and results.

Eye↗
PubMed1982

[Reflectivity and sound attenuation in choroidal melanomas (author's transl)].

Choroidal melanomas are echographically characterized by medium reflectivity and strong sound attenuation. The statistical analysis of these criteria in 110 histologically proven melanomas showed significant different values according to the type of melanoma. The results of correlation between histological and echographical findings are discussed.

Choroid Neoplasms↗