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Biomedical subjects

R Rochels

Publications and source records attributed to R Rochels.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Special indications for endocapsular artificial lens implantation].

Report on the successful endocapsular fixation of a posterior chamber lens in two young patients with ocular anomalies (lamellar cataract and large total iridectomy; nuclear cataract and normotensive congenital glaucoma), in whom lens with chamber angle or sulcus fixation lens would have been contraindicated. Further special indications for endocapsular IOL implantation--in patients with congenital coloboma, traumatic defects of the iris, aniridia, megalocornea with enlarged anterior segment, glaucoma, and following glaucoma surgery, cystoid macular edema of the fellow eye, diabetes mellitus, blood dyscrasias, anticoagulation therapy, and progressive atrophy of the iris--are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Ocular findings in leukemia in childhood].

Primary and therapy-induced ocular manifestations of leukemia in 25 of 103 children suffering from the disease (60 patients with ALL, eight with AML, two with CML, 33 with NHL) were kept under observation for an average period of five years. The lens was involved in 10%, the retina in 9%, the optic nerve in 7%, and the orbit in 4% of these cases. The present authors' findings concurred with those published in the literature to date, in that they could not find a pathognomonic combination or a specific frequency of ocular symptoms related to one of the four types of leukemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Echographic diagnosis in orbital complications of inflammatory diseases of he paranasal sinuses].

A- B-scan sonography was performed in a consecutive series of 123 patients with acute orbital complications of inflammatory paranasal sinus diseases. Orbital edema was correctly diagnosed by echography in 100% orbital periostitis in 81%, subperiosteal abscesses in 100%, and orbital cellulitis in 92%. In a second series, 40 mucopyoceles were all correctly diagnosed by sonography. Furthermore echography revealed a collateral subperiosteal edema and a moderate thickening of extraocular muscles and bone periostitis, a massive swelling of muscles and bone defects in subperiosteal abscesses as well as encapsulated abscesses of the orbit and a concomitant retrobulbar neuritis in orbital cellulitis.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

[Echographic diagnosis in tumors of the paranasal sinuses with invasion of the lacrimal ducts].

In 16 patients the histologically proven diagnosis of a lacrimal sac tumor was made; in 9 of them a paranasal sinus tumor had invaded the lacrimal pathways, in 7 patients existed a primary tumor of the lacrimal sac, A- and B-scan sonography allow a clear-cut differentiation of both these entities. Furthermore primary and tumor-related inflammations of the lacrimal pathways can be distinguished by echography, which thereby provides the decisive diagnostic basis for the different therapeutic procedures in each case.

Dacryocystitis↗
PubMed1986

[Echographic findings and differential diagnosis in (peri-)orbital dermoid cysts].

The analysis of echographic findings in 34 patients with histologically proven dermoids revealed the following characteristic criteria: A scan sonography shows a roundish, regularly structured lesion of variably high reflectance bordered by a very high, double-peaked surface spike. There is a strong correlation between the degree of reflectivity, the consistency of the dermoid, and the composition of its contents. The B-scan shows a sharply outlined lesion with homogeneously distributed internal echos. Differential diagnoses are discussed on the basis of echographic findings and criteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Echographic differential diagnosis of post-traumatic motility disorders of the eye].

Following an analysis of echographic findings in 94 patients with posttraumatic ocular motility disorders, a flow-chart for detecting the basic pathomechanism was worked out. Normal muscle diameter is observed in entrapment of the perimuscular tissues or in a recent palsy, whereas increased muscle thickness suggests hematoma or incarceration, and thinned muscles an atrophy. A lack of change in muscle diameter when the patient looks in the direction in which motility is restricted is characteristic of atrophy or palsy, whereas an increase in muscle diameter is a sign of incarceration if a fracture has also been detected by echography; if not, muscle hematoma can be diagnosed.

Hematoma↗
PubMed1986

Small choroidal melanoma with diffuse orbital involvement detected and differentiated with standardized echography--with special reference to the reliability of sonography in predicting scleral tumoral infiltration.

Report on a 73-year-old man with a proptosis of the left eye. Standardized A- and B-scan sonography revealed a large orbital tumor with low reflectivity and regular internal structure. Furthermore, a small choroidal melanoma with a typical excavation at its base was detected by echography. It could be demonstrated by reduction of the sound energy that the sclera adjacent to this tumor was intact, suggesting a melanoma migration along small scleral vessel-channels into the orbit. All these findings were proved by histology. The echographical criteria of choroidal melanomas without and with scleral infiltration will be presented and their reliability will be discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Echographic diagnosis in injuries of the paranasal sinuses].

A-scan and B-scan sonography was performed in 86 patients with fractures in the paranasal region (73 blow-out, 8 ethmoidal, 5 frontal sinus fractures). In all of them echography provided a correct diagnosis by delineating fracture lines and bone fragment dislocation. Additionally, sonography detected a haematosinus in 17, and a subperiosteal haematoma in 6 patients, respectively. Although echography can never replace radiologic diagnostics, it should be performed in the primary evaluation and in the follow-up of all patients with paranasal traumatology because of its high accuracy.

Ethmoid Bone↗
PubMed1985

[Ocular findings in Barsy syndrome].

Report on a male newborn with progeroid aspect, cutis laxa, intrauterine growth retardation, bilateral dislocation of the hip, generalized anomalies of ossification, peripheral corneal opacification comparable to corneal senile arcus, a diffuse, very discrete clouding of the stroma and an anterior polar cataract OD. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of other progeroid and cutis laxa syndromes are discussed on the basis of the corresponding ocular findings.

Corneal Opacity↗
PubMed1985

[Echographic diagnosis in orbital mucoceles].

Sonography in 68 patients with orbital mucoceles revealed the following, pathognomonical A-scan criteria: Regular structure, low to extremely low reflectivity, sharply outlined borders, bony defects, missing or minimal compressibility and typical location in the supero-nasal anterior orbit. The echographical findings of "mucoceles" secondary to paranasal tumours are specially emphasised. Echography proves to be a very useful method in the detection and differentiation of orbital complications in paranasal diseases.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

Ultrasonic findings after treatment of retinal detachment by intravitreal silicone instillation.

Postoperative A- and B-scan ultrasonography in 55 patients with complicated retinal detachment who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal silicone oil tamponade showed that the position of the retina could be demonstrated. The reproducible phenomena in eyes with clear media indicated that the same characteristics could be used for diagnosis in eyes with opacification of the lens or cornea.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

[Animal experiment studies on the role of inflammation mediators in corneal neovascularization].

Natural and synthetic inflammatory compounds were implanted in the corneas of rabbits to clarify the question whether corneal neovascularization is induced by stromal edema alone, or by neovascular mediators. It could be demonstrated that prostaglandin E1 and E2 have an angiogenetic capacity, whereas their precursor (arachidonic acid) as well as PGA1, A2, B2, I2 and Thromboxan A2 were inactive in this regard. Histology showed that corneal neovascularization is always accompanied by the invasion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Corneal edema in the beginning of vascularization can be explained by the activities of PGE (vasodilation, increase of vascular permeability, liberation of histamine). The implantation of lipoxygenase-dependent arachidonic acid compounds (5-HETE, Leukotriene B4) demonstrated that these mediators share in the process of neovascularization by inducing the chemotaxis. The above mentioned activities of prostaglandins and leukotrienes could also be demonstrated following penetrating keratoplasty and alkali burns of the anterior segment inducing extensive corneal neovascularization. An analysis of the prostaglandin- and leukotriene-dependent mechanisms could be achieved by selective PG- and LT-inhibitors. Radioimmunoassays showed a definite correlation between the concentrations of PGE and the amount of neovascularization following alkali burns. The results of our research lead to the following scheme of pathophysiology of corneal neovascularization: hypoxic, chemical, thermic and mechanical alterations of the cornea induce an activation of corneal cytomembranes, thus initiating the cyclooxygenase-dependent synthesis of prostaglandins with consecutive vasodilation and increase of vascular permeability as well as histamine liberation resulting in corneal edema; on the other hand, prostaglandins proved to have a minimal chemotactic activity; the lipoxygenase-dependent synthesis of leukotrienes inducing chemotaxis and diapedesis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the corneal stroma. These inflammatory cells are then the main source of newly synthesized leukotrienes maintaining the chemotaxis, and prostaglandins with angiogenetic activity. Cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-inhibitors can inhibit these activities at two different levels, leading to an approach of successful therapy of corneal diseases inducing neovascularization.

Animals↗